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New Technologies and Translational Approach for an Early Diagnosis of...
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New Technologies and Translational Approach for an Early Diagnosis of Bipolar Spectrum and Hyperactive and Novelty Seeking Profiles

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Mental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 June 2025 | Viewed by 2589

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Massimo Tusconi

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Guest Editor
Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
Interests: psychiatry; statistics; bipolar disorders; mood; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Serdar Dursun

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Guest Editor
Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
Interests: psychopharmacology; molecular neuroscience & psychiatry; schizophrenia; translational neuroscience and psychiatry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Germano Orru

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Guest Editor
Molecular Biology Service (AOU-Cagliari), Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Interests: molecular biology; genetics of mood disorders; laboratory medicine; metabolomics, oral microbiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The expectation of defining a precise genetic marker that can identify bipolar disorder (BD) has been dashed by current research, as the psycho-pathology of severe mental illnesses, including BD, includes complex traits sustained by the coalescence of many genes, each of which exerts small influences on observable phenomena, thus hindering Mendelian randomization studies and the identification of reliable biomarkers of lithium response.

A broader view of the polygenic hypothesis has prompted current studies to look for conditions, possibly related to specific genetic characteristics, that might, in interaction with the environment, put BD at risk in interaction with the environment.

This Special Issue aims to gather contributions in the area of research we have thus defined. In particular, because of the preventive importance of being able to identify conditions at risk of developing bipolar disorder, this contribution aims to gather information on new genetic, laboratory, and more generally diagnostic techniques that may make it possible to identify the risk area, described by the above-mentioned new line of research, of future bipolar disorder.

Contributors are welcome to use the formats of an original research article, brief research report, systematic review, review, mini-review, policy and practice review, hypothesis and theory, perspective, case report, community case study, general commentary, or opinion.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Biomolecules.

Dr. Massimo Tusconi
Prof. Dr. Serdar Dursun
Prof. Dr. Germano Orru
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • psychiatry
  • mental health
  • bipolar disorders
  • mood
  • biomarkers
  • new technology
  • BD

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 273 KiB  
Article
The Breathomics Profile of Volatile Sulfur Compounds in the Bipolar Spectrum, Does It Represent a Potential Tool for Early Diagnosis?
by Federica Sancassiani, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Diego Primavera, Massimo Tusconi, Antonio Urban, Laura Atzori, Caterina Ferreli, Elisa Cantone, Gloria Virginia Cuccu, Goce Kalcev, Germano Orrù, Flavio Cabitza, Serdar M. Dursun, Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzalez, Pedro José Fragoso Castilla, Shellsyn Giraldo Jaramillo, Giulia Cossu and Alessandra Scano
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(6), 2025; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14062025 - 17 Mar 2025
Viewed by 477
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Emerging laboratory technologies, such as breathomics, may enhance the early diagnosis of psychiatric disorders, including Bipolar Disorder (BD). This study investigates the detection of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in exhaled breath as potential biomarkers for BD, comparing VSC levels between individuals with [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Emerging laboratory technologies, such as breathomics, may enhance the early diagnosis of psychiatric disorders, including Bipolar Disorder (BD). This study investigates the detection of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in exhaled breath as potential biomarkers for BD, comparing VSC levels between individuals with BD, healthy controls, and individuals with non-pathological hyperactivity. Methods: A matched case–control study was conducted involving 24 patients with BD and 95 healthy controls recruited at the University Hospital of Cagliari. Controls were selected using a matched-pair design based on age (±5 years) and sex through a block-matching technique to ensure comparability with cases. Participants underwent psychiatric interviews, completed the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), and had their exhaled breaths analyzed for VSCs using a gas chromatograph (OralChroma™). Controls were selected and randomized for age and sex. Results: Patients with BD exhibited significantly higher levels of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) compared to healthy controls (18.62 ± 5.04 vs. 9.45 ± 18.64 ppb, p = 0.022). Among individuals without BD, those with positive MDQ scores showed lower levels of CH3SH than those with negative scores (9.17 ± 5.42 vs. 15.05 ± 18.03); however, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.254), highlighting how the deep connection between some clinical and laboratory aspects needs to be investigated more thoroughly. Conclusions: The results suggest a correlation between oral dysbiosis and metabolic alterations in patients with BD, with CH3SH levels being higher in cases compared to controls. Further studies are needed to validate the use of VSCs as potential biomarkers for BD and to investigate their role in individuals with non-pathological hyperactivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies and Translational Approach for an Early Diagnosis of Bipolar Spectrum and Hyperactive and Novelty Seeking Profiles)
15 pages, 5217 KiB  
Article
Serum Galectin-3 and IL-6 as Inflammatory Markers in Bipolar Disorder: Insights from Manic and Euthymic Episodes
by Alev Lazoglu Ozkaya, Nilifer Gürbüzer, Elif Özcan Tozoğlu, Sumeyya Akyildirim and Filiz Mercantepe
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(3), 803; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030803 - 26 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 659
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess serum Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and IL-6 levels, along with other inflammatory markers, in type-1 bipolar disorder (BD) patients and explore their relationship with clinical features, metabolic parameters, and symptom severity. Background: The study included 38 manic, 35 euthymic [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess serum Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and IL-6 levels, along with other inflammatory markers, in type-1 bipolar disorder (BD) patients and explore their relationship with clinical features, metabolic parameters, and symptom severity. Background: The study included 38 manic, 35 euthymic BD patients, and 40 healthy controls. Sociodemographic data, such as age, gender, alcohol and smoking habits, and body mass index (BMI), were recorded. Methods: The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) were administered to patients. Biochemical measurements included Gal-3, IL-6, CRP, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet counts, and inflammatory indices like NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI. Results: Gal-3 levels significantly differed among the groups (F = 52.251, p < 0.001), with the highest levels in euthymic patients. IL-6 levels were elevated in both manic and euthymic patients compared to controls (F = 7.379, p = 0.001). Manic patients had significantly higher levels of neutrophils, monocytes, CRP, NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI. A positive correlation was found between Gal-3 levels, the total number of episodes, and YMRS scores in manic patients. In euthymic patients, Gal-3 levels correlated positively with disease duration and episode count. Conclusions: Elevated Gal-3 levels, particularly in the euthymic phase, may serve as a biomarker for BD and indicate ongoing inflammation. These findings suggest Gal-3 could help identify BD and differentiate the euthymic phase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies and Translational Approach for an Early Diagnosis of Bipolar Spectrum and Hyperactive and Novelty Seeking Profiles)
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8 pages, 367 KiB  
Article
Predictors of Transition from Child and Adolescent Bipolar Not Otherwise Specified to Bipolar I Disorder, a Longitudinal 3.9-Year Study
by María Ribeiro-Fernández, Azucena Díez-Suárez, Kiki D. Chang and Cesar A. Soutullo
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(19), 5656; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195656 - 24 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1039
Abstract
Background: Children and adolescents with subthreshold manic symptoms not meeting full DSM criteria for bipolar I or II disorder (BP-I or BP-II) are classified as unspecified bipolar disorder (formerly bipolar not otherwise specified: BP-NOS). Factors associated with transition from BP-II or NOS to [...] Read more.
Background: Children and adolescents with subthreshold manic symptoms not meeting full DSM criteria for bipolar I or II disorder (BP-I or BP-II) are classified as unspecified bipolar disorder (formerly bipolar not otherwise specified: BP-NOS). Factors associated with transition from BP-II or NOS to BP-I may predict the progression of the disorder. Our objective is to analyze factors associated with transition to BP-I in a Spanish sample of youth with BP-NOS or BP-II. Methods: We included all youth diagnosed with BP before 18 years of age presenting to our clinic (October 1999–December 2014). We assessed clinical factors that may predict transition to BP I with a logistic regression and a multivariable model for data analysis. Results: A total of 72 patients with BP, mean (SD) age 14.5 (10.5–16.0) years, were followed for a median period of 3.9 years. In total, 95.8% of patients retained the BP diagnosis, but they changed type. Baseline BP-I % was 37.5%, and 62.5% at endpoint. BP-NOS decreased from baseline 54.2% to 25% at endpoint. The % of BP-II was 8.3% in both time points, but they were not the same individual patients, as some transitioned from BP-II to BP-I and some BP-NOS changed to BP-II. BP-NOS was stable in 46.1% of patients, but 38.5% transitioned to BP-I over time. Psychotic symptoms during prior depressive episodes (MDD) increased the risk of transition to BP-I by 11-fold. Each individual symptom of mania increased the risk of transition to BP-I by 1.41. Conclusions: BP-NOS was stable in 46.1% of patients, but 38.5% transitioned to BP-I over time. Psychotic symptoms during prior MDD episodes increased the risk of transition from BP-NOS to BP-I. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies and Translational Approach for an Early Diagnosis of Bipolar Spectrum and Hyperactive and Novelty Seeking Profiles)
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