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Intracranial Neuromodulation: Opportunities and Challenges
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Intracranial Neuromodulation: Opportunities and Challenges

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 January 2022) | Viewed by 9671

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. J. Marc C. van Dijk

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Institute Brain & Cognition, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Interests: deep brain stimulation (DBS); adaptive DBS; thalamotomy; pallidotomy; movement disorders; auditory brainstem implant (ABI); tinnitus; obesity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Intracranial Neuromodulation is the noble art of influencing and thereby modifying the properties of the brain and brainstem in order to improve its suboptimal function. Its most well-known modality is Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), which has become a standard of care in movement disorders, e.g. Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, and tremor, as well as in psychiatric disorders, e.g. obsessive compulsive disorder, and epilepsy. Nevertheless, although DBS has become an established therapy in many fields, its technical potential and possibilities have by far not reached its boundaries. Adaptive DBS, relying on the measurement of local field potentials in the basal ganglia or based on input from wearables, is a promising next step. Other technical options, such as lesioning techniques or near-field communicating brainstem implants, are nowadays well within our reach. Also, first attempts to temporarily open the blood-brain barrier with MR-guided focused ultrasound have been very promising. Apart from to these technical advances, growing knowledge about the delicate and complex function of the CNS has provoked further opportunities and challenges to treat a range of other disabling indications. Current trials investigate the implications of neuromodulation on cognition, tinnitus, and addiction. As such, intracranial neuromodulation in all its perspectives is bound to have a huge societal impact in the near future.

Prof. Dr. J. Marc C. van Dijk
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
  • Adaptive DBS
  • Thalamotomy
  • Pallidotomy
  • Movement disorders
  • Auditory brainstem implant (ABI)
  • Tinnitus
  • Obesity
  • Cognition
  • Focused ultrasound

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 662 KiB  
Article
Serendipitous Stimulation of Nucleus Basalis of Meynert—The Effect of Unintentional, Long-Term High-Frequency Stimulation on Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease
by I. Daria Bogdan, D. L. Marinus Oterdoom, Teus van Laar, Rients B. Huitema, Vincent J. Odekerken, Judith A. Boel, Rob M. A. de Bie, J. Marc C. van Dijk and on behalf of the NSTAPS Study Group
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(2), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11020337 - 11 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1529
Abstract
There is a growing interest in deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) as a potential therapeutic modality for Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD). Low-frequency stimulation has yielded encouraging results in individual patients; however, these are not yet sustained in [...] Read more.
There is a growing interest in deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) as a potential therapeutic modality for Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD). Low-frequency stimulation has yielded encouraging results in individual patients; however, these are not yet sustained in larger studies. With the aim to expand the understanding of NBM-DBS, we share our experience with serendipitous NBM-DBS in patients treated with DBS of the internal Globus pallidus (GPi) for Parkinson’s disease. Since NBM is anatomically located ventral to GPi, several GPi-treated patients appeared to have the distal contact of DBS-electrode(s) positioned in the NBM. We hypothesized that unintentional high-frequency NBM-DBS over a period of one year would result in the opposite effect of low-frequency NBM-stimulation and cause cognitive decline. We studied a cohort of 33 patients with bilateral high-frequency DBS in the GPi for Parkinson’s disease, of which twelve were unintentionally co-stimulated in NBM. The subgroups of unintentional unilateral (N = 7) and bilateral NBM-DBS (N = 5) were compared to the control group of bilateral GPi-DBS (N = 11). Here, we show that unintentional high-frequency NBM-DBS did not cause a significantly faster decline in cognitive function. Further research is warranted for characterizing the therapeutic role of NBM-DBS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intracranial Neuromodulation: Opportunities and Challenges)
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Review

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14 pages, 528 KiB  
Review
Methodological Considerations for Setting Up Deep Brain Stimulation Studies for New Indications
by Jana V. P. Devos, Yasin Temel, Linda Ackermans, Veerle Visser-Vandewalle, Oezguer A. Onur, Koen Schruers, Jasper Smit and Marcus L. F. Janssen
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(3), 696; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030696 - 28 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1876
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical treatment with a growing range of indications. The number of clinical studies is expanding because of DBS for new indications and efforts to improve DBS for existing indications. To date, various methods have been used to [...] Read more.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical treatment with a growing range of indications. The number of clinical studies is expanding because of DBS for new indications and efforts to improve DBS for existing indications. To date, various methods have been used to perform DBS studies. Designing a clinical intervention study with active implantable medical devices has specific challenges while expanding patient treatment. This paper provides an overview of the key aspects that are essential for setting up a DBS study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intracranial Neuromodulation: Opportunities and Challenges)
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20 pages, 898 KiB  
Review
Deep Brain Stimulation for Tremor: Update on Long-Term Outcomes, Target Considerations and Future Directions
by Naomi I. Kremer, Rik W. J. Pauwels, Nicolò G. Pozzi, Florian Lange, Jonas Roothans, Jens Volkmann and Martin M. Reich
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(16), 3468; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163468 - 5 Aug 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5393
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus is one of the main advanced neurosurgical treatments for drug-resistant tremor. However, not every patient may be eligible for this procedure. Nowadays, various other functional neurosurgical procedures are available. In particular cases, radiofrequency [...] Read more.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus is one of the main advanced neurosurgical treatments for drug-resistant tremor. However, not every patient may be eligible for this procedure. Nowadays, various other functional neurosurgical procedures are available. In particular cases, radiofrequency thalamotomy, focused ultrasound and radiosurgery are proven alternatives to DBS. Besides, other DBS targets, such as the posterior subthalamic area (PSA) or the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT), may be appraised as well. In this review, the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of tremor syndromes, as well as long-term outcomes of DBS in different targets, will be summarized. The effectiveness and safety of lesioning procedures will be discussed, and an evidence-based clinical treatment approach for patients with drug-resistant tremor will be presented. Lastly, the future directions in the treatment of severe tremor syndromes will be elaborated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intracranial Neuromodulation: Opportunities and Challenges)
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