Liver Macrophages: Disease Modifier and Therapeutic Target in Hepatology

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Gastroenterology & Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2020) | Viewed by 5486

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
Interests: liver immunology; clinical and experimental hepatology; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; liver fibrosis; hepatocellular carcinoma; digital medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Macrophages represent a key innate immune cell component of the liver. They act as tissue response orchestrators that maintain homeostasis and coordinate rapid responses to hepatic injury. Thus, macrophages are essentially involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic liver diseases, including rapid inflammatory responses after injury, hepatic fibrosis progression or regression as well as transition from chronic inflammation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Two discoveries have revolutionized our understanding of liver macrophages: (a) the recognition of heterogeneous subsets such as liver-resident, self-sustaining Kupffer cells as opposed to monocyte-derived, infiltrating macrophages that rapidly accumulate in injured liver; and (b) the notion of macrophage plasticity, which allows them to adapt their phenotype in response to local and systemic signals, thereby providing a large spectrum of functional responses. Recent findings have revealed how hepatic macrophages can fulfill diverse and even opposing functions in homeostasis, disease progression, and regression from injury. Understanding hepatic macrophage heterogeneity, up to a single cell level, and the underlying mechanisms may help to develop novel macrophage subset-targeted therapies for liver disease.

The present Special Issue aims to deepen our understanding of the biology, pathogenic role, and therapeutic potential of macrophages in the liver. Basic researchers and clinical scientists are warmly invited to submit their latest research that will broaden our perspective on macrophages as a disease modifier and therapeutic target in liver diseases.

Prof. Dr. Frank Tacke
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • monocytes and macrophages
  • liver immunology
  • nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  • nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
  • hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
  • acute liver failure (ALF)
  • hepatitis
  • physiology and pathogenesis
  • therapeutic target
  • clinical trials
  • innate immunity

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 4939 KiB  
Article
The Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Receptor GPR84 Mediates Myeloid Cell Infiltration Promoting Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis
by Tobias Puengel, Steve De Vos, Jana Hundertmark, Marlene Kohlhepp, Nurdan Guldiken, Philippe Pujuguet, Marielle Auberval, Florence Marsais, Kenji F. Shoji, Laurent Saniere, Christian Trautwein, Tom Luedde, Pavel Strnad, Reginald Brys, Philippe Clément-Lacroix and Frank Tacke
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(4), 1140; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041140 - 16 Apr 2020
Cited by 50 | Viewed by 5071
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have been associated with anti-steatotic effects in hepatocytes. Expression of the MCFA receptor GPR84 (G protein-coupled receptor 84) is induced in immune cells under inflammatory conditions and can promote fibrogenesis. We aimed at deciphering the role of GPR84 in [...] Read more.
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have been associated with anti-steatotic effects in hepatocytes. Expression of the MCFA receptor GPR84 (G protein-coupled receptor 84) is induced in immune cells under inflammatory conditions and can promote fibrogenesis. We aimed at deciphering the role of GPR84 in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), exploring its potential as a therapeutic target. GPR84 expression is upregulated in liver from patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), correlating with the histological degree of inflammation and fibrosis. In mouse and human, activated monocytes and neutrophils upregulate GPR84 expression. Chemotaxis of these myeloid cells by GPR84 stimulation is inhibited by two novel, small molecule GPR84 antagonists. Upon acute liver injury in mice, treatment with GPR84 antagonists significantly reduced the hepatic recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMF). We, therefore, evaluated the therapeutic inhibition of GPR84 by these two novel antagonists in comparison to selonsertib, an apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor, in three NASH mouse models. Pharmacological inhibition of GPR84 significantly reduced macrophage accumulation and ameliorated inflammation and fibrosis, to an extent similar to selonsertib. In conclusion, our findings support that GPR84 mediates myeloid cell infiltration in liver injury and is a promising therapeutic target in steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Full article
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