Current Perspectives on the Management of Atrial Fibrillation

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2025 | Viewed by 1017

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
Interests: atrial fibrillation; management; AF ablation; anticoagulation; left atrial appendage ligation/occlusion; same-day discharge

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Guest Editor Assistant
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Interests: atrial fibrillation; management; AF ablation; anticoagulation; left atrial appendage ligation/occlusion; same-day discharge

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past four decades, we have gained more insights into several facets of atrial fibrillation (AF), from pathogenesis, clinical courses, and prognoses. In line with these, there has been a significant transitional change in AF treatment modalities and a revisit to the emphasis of rhythm control. To improve quality of life, the contemporary ultimate goal in AF treatment has been drawn to the mitigation of AF burden by means of medical and interventional approaches rather than heartrate control. Recently, catheter ablation has gained popularity; it is now among the most common procedures practiced in the electrophysiology field as an adjunct to medical therapies or a standalone approach. The application of a novel esophageal cooling system and a new energy source, pulse field ablation, significantly reduces risks such as AEF to a negligible percentage. With high-power short-duration techniques and advanced catheter designs, the effectiveness of ablation is greatly enhanced, leading to shorter procedure durations. This integrated approach establishes ablation as the preferred treatment option for a wider demographic and promotes earlier treatment interventions compared to conventional methods. In addition, anticoagulation management is one of the essential considerations in AF, either pharmacological or mechanical approaches, i.e., left atrial appendage ligation/occlusion. With the substantial growth in the understandings of AF, this is an open area for research fluxes and novelties to come in the future to improve pragmatical approaches and the management of AF in practice.

Dr. Narut Prasitlumkum
Guest Editor

Dr. Nithi Tokavanich
Guest Editor Assistant

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Keywords

  • atrial fibrillation
  • management
  • AF ablation
  • anticoagulation
  • left atrial appendage ligation/occlusion
  • same-day discharge

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

20 pages, 1322 KiB  
Review
Atrial Fibrillation and Cancer—Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Management
by Nathaniel E. Davis, Narut Prasitlumkum and Nicholas Y. Tan
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(24), 7753; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247753 - 19 Dec 2024
Viewed by 664
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and cancer are increasingly recognized as interrelated conditions, with cancer patients showing elevated incidences of AF, and there is evidence that AF may sometimes precede cancer diagnoses. This comprehensive review investigates the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management challenges associated with AF [...] Read more.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and cancer are increasingly recognized as interrelated conditions, with cancer patients showing elevated incidences of AF, and there is evidence that AF may sometimes precede cancer diagnoses. This comprehensive review investigates the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management challenges associated with AF in cancer patients. Epidemiologically, several cancers are more closely related to increased rates of AF, including lung, colorectal, gastrointestinal, and hematologic malignancies. Mechanistically, both AF and cancer share pathophysiological pathways centered on inflammation, oxidative stress, and common cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. The inflammatory microenvironment in tumors, marked by increased cytokines and growth factors, promotes atrial remodeling and AF susceptibility. Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, driven by the metabolic demands of cancer, further contribute to atrial fibrosis and structural changes. Moreover, many anticancer treatments exacerbate AF risk. Management of AF in cancer patients presents many unique challenges and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Rate and rhythm control strategies are complicated by potential drug–drug interactions and limited data surrounding early implementation of rhythm control strategies in cancer patients. Interventional approaches such as catheter ablation, though effective in maintaining sinus rhythm, carry significant perioperative risk in patients with malignancy. Stroke prevention with anticoagulants is essential but requires cautious administration to avoid heightened bleeding risks, particularly in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Further, the limited applicability of standard risk stratification tools like CHA2DS2-VASc in this population complicate decisions regarding anticoagulation. This review highlights the bidirectional relationship between AF and cancer, the difficulties in management, and the critical need for further research in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Perspectives on the Management of Atrial Fibrillation)
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