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Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Emerging Techniques and Clinical Application

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Dr. Vinit Baliyan

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Cardiovascular Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Interests: cardiovascular imaging; magnetic resonance imaging; computed tomography; plaque imaging; spectral CT

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a powerful imaging technique, and its success is largely driven by its ability for soft tissue characterization and accurate quantification of cardiac function. Over the past few decades, there have been significant advances in CMR technology, clinical applications, and operator experience. However, a few technical hurdles remain that limit a broader application of CMR. These hurdles include long scan times, need for breath-hold techniques, high operator dependence, and susceptibility to metal hardware-related artifacts. I am honored to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue on “Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Emerging Techniques and Clinical Application”. The journal invites submissions focusing on emerging applications, including (but not limited to) parametric mapping, scan time reduction, free-breathing techniques, artifact reduction, automation, and machine learning.

Dr. Vinit Baliyan
Guest Editor

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12 pages, 4662 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimizing Clinical Cardiac MRI Workflow through Single Breath-Hold Compressed Sensing Cine: An Evaluation of Feasibility and Efficiency

by Fuyan Wang, Junjie Zhou, Cailing Pu, Feidan Yu, Yan Wu, Lingjie Zhang, Siying Ma and Hongjie Hu

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(3), 753; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030753 - 28 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1235

Abstract

Background: Although compressed sensing (CS) accelerated cine holds immense potential to replace conventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) cine, how to use CS-based cine appropriately during clinical CMR examinations still needs exploring. Methods: A total of 104 patients (46.5 ± 17.1 years) participated in this prospective study. For each participant, a balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) cine was acquired as a reference, followed by two CS accelerated cine sequences with identical parameters before and after contrast injection. Lastly, a CS accelerated cine sequence with an increased flip angle was obtained. We subsequently compared scanning time, image quality, and biventricular function parameters between these sequences. Results: All CS cine sequences demonstrated significantly shorter acquisition times compared to bSSFP_ref cine (p < 0.001). The bSSFP_ref cine showed higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) than all CS cine sequences (all p < 0.001), but no significant differences in LVEF were observed among the three CS cine sequences. Additionally, CS cine sequences displayed superior global image quality (p < 0.05) and fewer artifacts than bSSFP_ref cine (p < 0.005). Unenhanced CS cine and enhanced CS cine with increased flip angle showed higher global image quality than other cine sequences (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Single breath-hold CS cine delivers precise biventricular function parameters and offers a range of benefits including shorter scan time, better global image quality, and diminished motion artifacts. This innovative approach holds great promise in replacing conventional bSSFP cine and optimizing the CMR examination workflow. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Emerging Techniques and Clinical Application)

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14 pages, 2300 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Demonstrates Myocardial Inflammation of Differing Etiologies and Acuities in Patients with Genetic and Inflammatory Myopathies

by George Markousis-Mavrogenis, Antonios Belegrinos, Aikaterini Giannakopoulou, Antigoni Papavasiliou, Vasiliki Koulouri, Nikolaos Marketos, Eleftheria Patsilinakou, Fotini Lazarioti, Flora Bacopoulou, Clio P. Mavragani, George P. Chrousos and Sophie I. Mavrogeni

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(4), 1575; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041575 - 16 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1528

Abstract

Introduction. Myopathies are heterogeneous neuromuscular diseases of genetic and/or inflammatory etiology that affect both cardiac and skeletal muscle. We investigated the prevalence of cardiac inflammation in patients with myopathies, cardiovascular symptoms, and normal echocardiography using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Methods. We prospectively evaluated 51 patients with various genetic (n = 23) and inflammatory (n = 28) myopathies (median age, IQR: 12 (11–15) years, 22% girls; 61 (55–65) years, 46% women, respectively) and compared their CMR findings to corresponding age- and sex-matched controls (n = 21 and 20, respectively) and to each other. Results. Patients with genetic myopathy had similar biventricular morphology and function to healthy controls but showed higher late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), native T1 mapping, extracellular volume fraction (ECV), and T2 mapping values. Collectively, 22 (95.7%) patients with genetic myopathy had a positive T1-criterion and 3 (13.0%) had a positive T2-criterion according to the updated Lake Louise criteria. Compared with healthy controls, patients with inflammatory myopathy showed preserved left ventricular (LV) function and reduced LV mass, while all CMR-derived tissue characterization indices were significantly higher (p < 0.001 for all). All patients had a positive T1-criterion, and 27 (96.4%) had a positive T2-criterion. A positive T2-criterion or T2-mapping > 50 ms could discriminate between patients with genetic and inflammatory myopathies with a sensitivity of 96.4% and a specificity of 91.3% (AUC = 0.9557). Conclusions. The vast majority of symptomatic patients with inflammatory myopathies and normal echocardiography show evidence of acute myocardial inflammation. In contrast, acute inflammation is rare in patients with genetic myopathies, who show evidence of chronic low-grade inflammation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Emerging Techniques and Clinical Application)

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