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Male Reproductive Dysfunction, Disorders and Infertility
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Male Reproductive Dysfunction, Disorders and Infertility

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Reproductive Medicine & Andrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2023) | Viewed by 26136

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
Interests: reproductive medicine; sperm and seminal plamsa proteomics; applied bioinformatics; telomere signaling pathway; seminal exosome dysfunction; COVID and male reproduction; andrology; sperm DNA damage; seminal oxidative stress; testicular cancer; varicocele
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rafael Favero Ambar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Urology, Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
2. Urology Department, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual SP-IAMSPE, São Paulo, Brazil
Interests: erectile dysfunction and male prosthetic surgery; male infertility; kidney stones; prostate disease; uro-oncology; minimally invasive surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Reproductive health is an important component of men's overall health and well-being. Any deviation from the physiological function of male reproductive organs can either directly or indirect have a negative impact on the reproductive outcome. The most common issues with male reproductive health are male infertility and sexual dysfunction. Nearly 20–30% of infertility problems are mainly due to abnormalities or defects with the male reproductive organs. Recently, both clinical and basic research in male reproduction has gained more attention and seen substantial advancements. For this Special Issue, we invite authors to submit an original research article or a comprehensive review article related to male reproductive disorders, men’s sexual health, and/or male infertility.

Dr. Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam
Dr. Rafael Favero Ambar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • testis
  • sperm
  • semen
  • reproductive toxicity
  • endocrine disruptors
  • male infertility
  • men’s sexual health
  • erectile dysfunction
  • peyronie’s diseaase

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 549 KiB  
Article
Advanced Paternal Age: A New Indicator for the Use of Microfluidic Devices for Sperm DNA Fragmentation Selection
by Laura Escudé-Logares, Clara Serrano-Novillo, Laia Uroz, Anna Galindo and Carmen Márquez
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(2), 457; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13020457 - 14 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1038
Abstract
New social conditions and progress in ART have both contributed to the delay in parenthood in developed countries. While the effects of maternal age have been widely studied, paternal age is poorly understood, and there are no specific guides on ART techniques to [...] Read more.
New social conditions and progress in ART have both contributed to the delay in parenthood in developed countries. While the effects of maternal age have been widely studied, paternal age is poorly understood, and there are no specific guides on ART techniques to treat its deleterious effects. It is known that there is an increase in sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in elderly men, and new sperm selection devices using microfluids have been developed. This study analyses 189 ICSI cycles with donor oocytes performed between January 2018 and February 2022. Spermatozoa were selected using an MSS device or density gradients, followed by ICSI fertilization and fresh/thawed embryo transfer. We assessed the association between the selection technique, paternal age (< or ≥45) and reproductive outcomes. Fertilization (FR), blastulation (BR), implantation (IR), live-birth (LBR) and miscarriage (MR) rates were calculated. The results showed significantly higher IR (57.7% vs. 42.5%) and LBR (42.9% vs. 30.3%) when applying MSS selection, and particularly higher BR, IR and LBR when the paternal age was equal to or over 45 years (BR: 64.4 ± 23% vs. 50.1 ± 25%, IR: 51.5% vs. 31.6% and LBR: 42.4% vs. 23.7%). We also found a negative correlation between BR and paternal age (r2 = 0.084). The findings show that MSS enhances success in assisted reproduction cycles with ICSI, especially in couples with advanced paternal age. We propose advanced paternal age as a new indicator for the application of sperm selection techniques that reduce fragmentation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Male Reproductive Dysfunction, Disorders and Infertility)
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10 pages, 908 KiB  
Article
Inhibin B-to-Anti-Mullerian Hormone Ratio as Noninvasive Predictors of Positive Sperm Retrieval in Idiopathic Non-Obstructive Azoospermia
by Chenyao Deng, Defeng Liu, Lianming Zhao, Haocheng Lin, Jiaming Mao, Zhe Zhang, Yuzhuo Yang, Haitao Zhang, Huiyu Xu, Kai Hong and Hui Jiang
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(2), 500; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020500 - 7 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4441
Abstract
Background: The lack of clinically useful biomarkers for predicting micro-TESE outcomes in males with idiopathic NOA. To find clinically reliable serum reproductive hormone markers to predict the outcome of sperm retrieval in men with idiopathic NOA undergoing micro-TESE. Methods: We analyzed the clinical [...] Read more.
Background: The lack of clinically useful biomarkers for predicting micro-TESE outcomes in males with idiopathic NOA. To find clinically reliable serum reproductive hormone markers to predict the outcome of sperm retrieval in men with idiopathic NOA undergoing micro-TESE. Methods: We analyzed the clinical data of 168 men with idiopathic NOA treated with micro-TESE. The clinical predictors of a successful sperm retrieval were put to the test using logistic regression analysis. The clinical net benefit was calculated using a decision-curve analysis, and the predictive power of each variable was assessed using the ROC-derived area under the curve. Result: Between positive group and negative group for sperm retrieval, there was a statistically significant difference in INHB, AMH, and INHB/AMH. AMH, INHB, and INHB/AMH were each independent predictors of successful sperm retrieval, with INHB (OR1.02, p = 0.03), AMH (OR0.85, p = 0.01), INHB/AMH (OR1.08, p < 0.01). The ROC curve determined the optimal cut-off values for serum INHB and INHB/AMH in positive sperm retrieval patients undergoing micro-TESE. 21.51 pg/mL was the cut-off value for INHB. The cut-off value for INHB/AMH was 3.19, which had a 86.3% sensitivity and a 53.8% specificity. Using INHB and INHB/AMH prior to micro-TESE sperm retrieval in idiopathic NOA patients improved the net benefit of positive sperm retrieval, and the net benefit score of INHB/AMH was better than that of INHB, according to decision analysis curves. Conclusion: Serum INHB have predictive value for sperm retrieval outcomes in idiopathic NOA patients undergoing micro-TESE. Combining INHB and AMH, INHB/AMH seems to be a better predictor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Male Reproductive Dysfunction, Disorders and Infertility)
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Review

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21 pages, 1221 KiB  
Review
L-Carnitine and Male Fertility: Is Supplementation Beneficial?
by Filipa G. Mateus, Silvia Moreira, Ana D. Martins, Pedro F. Oliveira, Marco G. Alves and Maria de Lourdes Pereira
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(18), 5796; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185796 - 6 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 15961
Abstract
L-Carnitine, a natural antioxidant found in mammals, plays a crucial role in the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is used as a nutritional supplement by professional athletes, improving performance and post-exercise recovery. Additionally, its therapeutic applications, including [...] Read more.
L-Carnitine, a natural antioxidant found in mammals, plays a crucial role in the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is used as a nutritional supplement by professional athletes, improving performance and post-exercise recovery. Additionally, its therapeutic applications, including those in male infertility, have been investigated, as it may act as a defense mechanism against the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the testis, a process that can lead to sperm damage. This effect is achieved by enhancing the expression and activity of enzymes with antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the benefits of L-Carnitine remain unknown. This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge about the potential benefits of L-Carnitine and its role in male (in)fertility. Considering in vitro studies with Sertoli cells, pre-clinical studies, and investigations involving infertile men, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of L-Carnitine has been established. In vitro studies suggest that L-Carnitine has a direct influence on somatic Sertoli cells, improving the development of germ cells. Overall, evidence supports that L-Carnitine can positively impact male fertility, even at a relatively low dose of 2 g/day. This supplementation enhances sperm parameters, regulates hormone levels, reduces ROS levels, and subsequently improves fertility rates. However, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and establish optimal doses. In conclusion, the role of L-Carnitine in the field of male reproductive health is highlighted, with the potential to improve sperm quality and fertility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Male Reproductive Dysfunction, Disorders and Infertility)
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18 pages, 3653 KiB  
Review
Rats, Neuregulins and Radical Prostatectomy: A Conceptual Overview
by Dorin Novacescu, Alexandru Nesiu, Razvan Bardan, Silviu Constantin Latcu, Vlad Filodel Dema, Alexei Croitor, Marius Raica, Talida Georgiana Cut, James Walter and Alin Adrian Cumpanas
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(6), 2208; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062208 - 13 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4047
Abstract
In the contemporary era of early detection, with mostly curative initial treatment for prostate cancer (PC), mortality rates have significantly diminished. In addition, mean age at initial PC diagnosis has decreased. Despite technical advancements, the probability of erectile function (EF) recovery post radical [...] Read more.
In the contemporary era of early detection, with mostly curative initial treatment for prostate cancer (PC), mortality rates have significantly diminished. In addition, mean age at initial PC diagnosis has decreased. Despite technical advancements, the probability of erectile function (EF) recovery post radical prostatectomy (RP) has not significantly changed throughout the last decade. Due to virtually unavoidable intraoperative cavernous nerve (CN) lesions and operations with younger patients, post-RP erectile dysfunction (ED) has now begun affecting these younger patients. To address this pervasive limitation, a plethora of CN lesion animal model investigations have analyzed the use of systemic/local treatments for EF recovery post-RP. Most promisingly, neuregulins (NRGs) have demonstrated neurotrophic effects in both neurodegenerative disease and peripheral nerve injury models. Recently, glial growth factor 2 (GGF2) has demonstrated far superior, dose-dependent, neuroprotective/restorative effects in the CN injury rat model, as compared to previous therapeutic counterparts. Although potentially impactful, these initial findings remain limited and under-investigated. In an effort to aid clinicians, our paper reviews post-RP ED pathogenesis and currently available therapeutic tools. To stimulate further experimentation, a standardized preparation protocol and in-depth analysis of applications for the CN injury rat model is provided. Lastly, we report on NRGs, such as GGF2, and their potentially revolutionary clinical applications, in hopes of identifying relevant future research directions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Male Reproductive Dysfunction, Disorders and Infertility)
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