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Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Prevention and Management
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Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Prevention and Management

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Obstetrics & Gynecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 September 2023) | Viewed by 21122

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hiroshi Matsushita

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
Interests: complementary and alternative therapy; estrogen; hormone therapy; menstrual disorder; menopause; nutrition; osteoporosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Postmenopausal bone loss and the possible progression to osteoporosis is a major health concern for women. It is estimated that osteoporosis-related fractures affect one-third of postmenopausal women, which results in a poor quality of life in aged women. Although the etiology of osteoporosis is multifactorial, women with a lower peak bone mass in adulthood and a higher rate of bone loss during menopause transition are at higher risk of developing osteoporosis. Therefore, maximizing the peak bone mass (PBM) during adolescence and minimizing the bone loss after menopause are important for the prevention and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Furthermore, because the use of anti-osteoporotic drugs is sometimes restricted due to their adverse effects, the use of complementary and alternative therapies and the modification of lifestyle factors such as exercise and nutrition are also considered as potential therapeutic options. In this Special Issue, we welcome researchers to submit review and research (basic and clinical) articles covering the topics of strategies for maximizing PBM and minimizing postmenopausal bone loss in women.

Dr. Hiroshi Matsushita
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bone mineral density
  • estrogen
  • hormone therapy
  • menopause
  • nutrition
  • osteoporosis

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 511 KiB  
Article
Effect of Ospemifene on Densitometric and Plasma Bone Metabolism Biomarkers in Postmenopausal Women Reporting Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy (VVA)
by Silvia Maffei and Letizia Guiducci
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(21), 6316; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216316 - 26 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1398
Abstract
Menopausal hormone deficiency can exert multiple effects on various organs. Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is among the most widespread and disabling post-menopausal disorder. Hormonal changes can also result in a markedly increased rate of bone mineral density (BMD) loss. Ospemifene (OSP) is an SERM [...] Read more.
Menopausal hormone deficiency can exert multiple effects on various organs. Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is among the most widespread and disabling post-menopausal disorder. Hormonal changes can also result in a markedly increased rate of bone mineral density (BMD) loss. Ospemifene (OSP) is an SERM indicated to treat vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) in postmenopausal women. This study evaluates the long-term effects of ospemifene therapy on bone metabolism and bone mineral parameters in postmenopausal women reporting VVA/GSM. Methods: Women reporting VVA symptoms were included. Bone health profile was investigated in 61 subjects treated with OSP (OSPG) (60 mg/day) and compared with a control group (CG) (n = 67) over 12 months. Results: In the CG, BMD and T-score statistically decreased at the femoral neck (FN), total femur (TF), and lumbar spine (L1–L4). In the OSPG, BMD decreased significantly at FN but tended to remain stable at TF and L1–L4. No changes were observed in bone mineral markers after one year in either group, except BAP, which decreased in OSPG. Conclusions: Long-term OSP treatment improves bone mineral markers at TF and LS and slows bone loss at FN compared to the control group. Overall, OSP exerts a protective effect on bone loss in healthy menopausal women with VVA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Prevention and Management)
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10 pages, 1228 KiB  
Article
Circulating Osteogenic Progenitor Cells Enhanced with Teriparatide or Denosumab Treatment
by Mercè Giner, María Angeles Vázquez-Gámez, María José Miranda, Jesús Bocio-Nuñez, Francisco Jesús Olmo-Montes, Miguel Angel Rico, Miguel Angel Colmenero and María-José Montoya-García
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(16), 4749; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164749 - 14 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1306
Abstract
Circulating osteogenic precursor (COP) cells are peripheral blood cells with a capacity for osteogenesis. The objective of our study was to ascertain the percentage of COPs as an early biomarker of osteoporosis and the effect of these cells in response to Denosumab (DmAb) [...] Read more.
Circulating osteogenic precursor (COP) cells are peripheral blood cells with a capacity for osteogenesis. The objective of our study was to ascertain the percentage of COPs as an early biomarker of osteoporosis and the effect of these cells in response to Denosumab (DmAb) (anti-resorptive) or to Teriparatide (TPDP) (anabolic) as very effective drugs in the treatment of the illness. A first study was conducted on healthy volunteers, with three age ranges, to determine the percentage of COPs and relate it to their anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, followed by a second longitudinal study on patients with osteoporosis, whereby one group of patients was treated with TPTD and another with DmAb. All were analyzed by cytometry for COP percentage in blood, bone turnover markers, and bone mass. Our findings show that COPs are influenced by age and become more prolific in the stages of growth and skeletal maturation. A higher percentage of COPs is found in osteoporotic disease, which could constitute a predictive marker thereof. We also show how treatment with TPTD or DmAb mobilizes circulating osteogenic precursors in the blood. Significant increases in % COPs were observed after 12 months of treatment with Dmb (21.9%) and TPTD (17%). These results can be related to an increase in osteogenesis and, consequently, a better and more efficient repair of bone tissue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Prevention and Management)
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14 pages, 1430 KiB  
Article
The Role of Soy Isoflavones in the Prevention of Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
by Agnieszka Barańska, Wiesław Kanadys, Magdalena Bogdan, Ewa Stępień, Bartłomiej Barczyński, Anna Kłak, Anna Augustynowicz, Marta Szajnik and Urszula Religioni
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(16), 4676; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164676 - 10 Aug 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4931
Abstract
The aim of the report was to determine the effects of soy isoflavones on lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) in menopausal women. MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published in English during [...] Read more.
The aim of the report was to determine the effects of soy isoflavones on lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) in menopausal women. MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published in English during 1995–2019. Studies were identified and reviewed for inclusion and exclusion eligibility. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated for each study and were pooled by using the random effects model. Eighteen randomized controlled trials were selected for meta-analysis. Different types of soy phytoestrogens, i.e., genistein extracts, soy isoflavones extracts, soy protein isolate, and foods containing diverse amounts of isoflavones were used in the studies. The analysis showed that daily intake of 106 (range, 40–300) mg of isoflavones for 6–24 months moderately but statistically significantly positively affects BMD, compared with controls: lumbar spine WMD = 1.63 (95% CI: 0.51 to 2.75)%, p = 0004; femoral neck WMD = 1.87 (95% CI: 0.14 to 3.60)%, p = 0.034; and total hip WMD = 0.39 (95% CI: 0.08 to 0.69)%, p = 0.013. Subgroups analyses indicated that the varying effects of isoflavones on BMD across the trials might be associated with intervention duration, racial diversity (Caucasian, Asian), time after menopause, form of supplements (especially genistein), and dose of isoflavones. Our review and meta-analysis suggest that soy isoflavones are effective in slowing down bone loss after menopause. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Prevention and Management)
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19 pages, 4146 KiB  
Article
Impact of Whole Body Vibration and Zoledronic Acid on Femoral Structure after Ovariectomy: Morphological Evaluation
by Nazar M. Kostyshyn, Izabela Świetlicka, Ewa Tomaszewska, Piotr Dobrowolski and Siemowit Muszyński
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(9), 2441; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092441 - 26 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1986
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) treatment as an non-pharmacological method of treatment for early osteopenia in ovariectomized female rats. In total, 48 female Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: sham-operated control (SHAM, n = 12) [...] Read more.
Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) treatment as an non-pharmacological method of treatment for early osteopenia in ovariectomized female rats. In total, 48 female Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: sham-operated control (SHAM, n = 12) and ovariectomized (n = 36). Four weeks after ovariectomy, the animals were divided into three experimental groups (n = 12 each): ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized subjected to whole body vibration with acceleration level of 0.3 g (OVX + WBV), or ovariectomized subjected to i.m. injection of Zoledronic acid at a dose of 0.025 mg/kg (OVX + ZOL). After the 8th and 16th week of treatment n = 6 rats from each group were euthanized and isolated femora were subjected to histological examination of trabecular bone and analysis of the expression of collagen 1 (Col1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) involved in bone turnover. The obtained results indicated that widespread vibration therapy can provide negative outcomes such as deterioration of trabecular bone histomorphometry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Prevention and Management)
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Review

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14 pages, 739 KiB  
Review
The Efficacy of Strength Exercises for Reducing the Symptoms of Menopause: A Systematic Review
by Ana María Capel-Alcaraz, Héctor García-López, Adelaida María Castro-Sánchez, Manuel Fernández-Sánchez and Inmaculada Carmen Lara-Palomo
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(2), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020548 - 9 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 9680
Abstract
Background: The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether strength exercises improve the symptoms of menopause and to provide an update on the most recent scientific evidence on the type and regimen of exercise that help reduce the symptoms. Methods: An [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether strength exercises improve the symptoms of menopause and to provide an update on the most recent scientific evidence on the type and regimen of exercise that help reduce the symptoms. Methods: An electronic search of scientific databases was performed from 2015 to 2022. Randomized clinical trials that analyzed the effects of strength exercises versus other types of interventions, considering all the outcome measures of interest, were included in this review. Results: We found 5964 potential articles. After applying the selection criteria, we selected 12 of the articles. The studies compared strength exercises versus other therapies or compared strength exercises versus no intervention in one of the groups. The results showed improvements in the strength of the legs and pelvic floor, physical activity, bone density, metabolic and hormonal changes, heart rate and blood pressure and a change in hot flashes. Conclusions: There is evidence that strength exercises can be beneficial for improving strength, physical activity, bone density and hormonal and metabolic levels. In terms of the appropriate type of strength training, the evidence is still unclear given that the same benefits are achieved by various types of exercises. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Prevention and Management)
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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

9 pages, 252 KiB  
Brief Report
Effects of 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid and 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid in Royal Jelly on Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats: A Pilot Study
by Rina Hanai, Hiroshi Matsushita, Akira Minami, Yuki Abe, Rika Tachibana, Kazushi Watanabe, Hideyuki Takeuchi and Akihiko Wakatsuki
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(16), 5309; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165309 - 15 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 979
Abstract
Although previous studies have demonstrated that royal jelly (RJ) may have estrogenic properties and prevent postmenopausal bone loss, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This animal study aimed to investigate the effects of specific fatty acids of RJ, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10H2DA) and [...] Read more.
Although previous studies have demonstrated that royal jelly (RJ) may have estrogenic properties and prevent postmenopausal bone loss, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This animal study aimed to investigate the effects of specific fatty acids of RJ, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10H2DA) and 10-hydroxydecanoic acid (10HDAA), in ovariectomized rats. Ten-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into the Baseline, Sham, Ovx, Ovx + 10H2DA, and Ovx + 10HDAA groups. Rats in the Baseline group were sacrificed immediately, whereas those in the other groups were subjected to either a sham operation or bilateral ovariectomy. The animals in the Ovx + 10H2DA and Ovx + 10HDAA groups were fed diets containing 10H2DA and 10HDAA, respectively. Twelve weeks after surgery, the rats were sacrificed, and indices of bone mass and bone mechanics were analyzed. Femoral bone mineral density was significantly lower in the Ovx group than in the Sham group (p < 0.01). Administration of 10H2DA or 10HDAA did not ameliorate bone loss after ovariectomy. In addition, administration of these fatty acids diminished femur bone stiffness in ovariectomized rats (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). These findings suggest that the favorable effects of RJ may not be exerted solely by 10H2DA or 10HDAA. However, these effects may be exhibited in combination with other RJ constituents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Prevention and Management)
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