Novel Developments on Diagnostics and Treatment of Knee Instability and Osteoarthritis

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Orthopedics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 780

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Orthopedics and Rheumoorthopedics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Professor Adam Gruca Orthopedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, Konarskiego 13, 05-400 Otwock, Poland
Interests: orthopaedics; knee surgery; hip surgery

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Guest Editor
Department of Orthopedics and Rheumoorthopedics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Professor Adam Gruca Orthopedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, Konarskiego 13, 05-400 Otwock, Poland
Interests: knee instability; degenerative disease; knee osteoarthritis; arthroplasty; periprosthetic joint infection
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Degenerative joint disease, or osteoarthritis has become one of the most common pathologies nowadays, with increasing incidence in ageing population. The knee joint is one of the most commonly affected with degenerative disease. Knee joint osteoarthritis may be secondary to other known pathology, such as, e.g., rheumatoid or septic arthritis, articular fracture, patellofemoral joint instability, or developmental pathologies. However, most cases are classified as primary or idiopathic degeneration of the knee. Regardless of the cause, knee osteoarthritis is a progressive disease that may lead to severe disability.

Knee joint arthroplasty is the method of choice in the surgical treatment of its osteoarthritis. Both the short- and long-term results of this surgery depend on the proper preoperative planning and accurate surgical technique. Various methods for proper implant placement and obtaining and maintaining the alignment of the entire lower extremity have been employed. Robotic technologies that are gaining popularity in total knee arthroplasties aim to increase the accuracy of implant placement; however, proper preoperative diagnostics and planning of the surgery still seem to be crucial for the subsequent surgical steps.

In this Special Issue, "Novel Developments on Diagnostics and Treatment of Knee Instability and Osteoarthritis", we invite review papers and original research articles that aim to provide an updated overview of the aetiology, diagnostics, surgical management, or social impact of knee joint degeneration and its complications.

Prof. Dr. Jacek B. Kowalczewski
Prof. Dr. Marcin Tyrakowski
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • knee instability
  • degenerative disease
  • knee osteoarthritis
  • arthroplasty
  • periprosthetic joint infection

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

19 pages, 1122 KiB  
Review
Unlocking the Mystery of Patella Dislocation—Diagnostic Methods in Pediatric Populations: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
by Ewa Tramś, Ignacy Tołwiński, Marcin Tyrakowski, Dariusz Grzelecki, Jacek Kowalczewski and Rafał Kamiński
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(4), 1376; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14041376 - 19 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: The diagnostic guidelines for pediatric patellofemoral instability (PFI) remain incomplete. PFI remains a challenging issue as it affects the biomechanics of the knee joint, triggers anterior knee pain, and is linked to the development of early-onset osteoarthritis. The diagnostic process is complicated [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The diagnostic guidelines for pediatric patellofemoral instability (PFI) remain incomplete. PFI remains a challenging issue as it affects the biomechanics of the knee joint, triggers anterior knee pain, and is linked to the development of early-onset osteoarthritis. The diagnostic process is complicated by numerous anatomical factors that must be considered. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge presented in the literature on radiological diagnostics for PFI in pediatric populations, with the application of all imaging techniques—including ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and radiography (RTG)—which enable the evaluation of anatomical risk factors critical for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of PFI. Methods: A search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database was conducted to identify relevant studies from 1975 to 2024. The search terms were as follows: (patellar or patella) and (instability or displacement or dislocation) and (diagnostic or diagnosis or imaging or radiographic). A total of 2743 articles were retrieved, which were screened to yield 29 studies for further review. These studies were then divided into seven categories regarding the diagnostic methods: risk factors, tibial tubercle trochlear groove (TT-TG)/tibial tubercle posterior cruciate ligament (TT-PCL), MPFL injury and cartilage damage, patella and trochlear dysplasia, torsional abnormalities, coronal plane alignment, and genetics. Results: The methods presented statistically significant differences, with those most commonly used for the diagnosis of patella dislocation being TT-TG index, MPFL rapture, and trochlear dysplasia. Conclusions: In summary, multiple diagnostic tools, including MRI, CT, X-ray, and physical examination, are available for the assessment of PFI, each contributing to treatment decisions. Although MRI remains the primary diagnostic tool, further research is needed to establish more precise diagnostic criteria. Full article
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