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Saliva in Non-Invasive Diagnostics of Oral and Systemic Diseases
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Saliva in Non-Invasive Diagnostics of Oral and Systemic Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2021) | Viewed by 5693

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mateusz Maciejczyk

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
Interests: oxidative stress; antioxidants; redox state; Mitochondria; redox biomarkers; salivary biomarkers; neurodegeneration; immunodeficiency; Chromosome Instability; colorectal cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The use of saliva in diagnostics is becoming increasingly popular. This should not come as a surprise, as the composition of saliva usually reflects the composition of blood plasma. Indeed, most salivary compounds are produced outside the salivary gland and transported from plasma to saliva. Numerous xenobiotics, including medicines and narcotics, are also excreted in saliva. Saliva collection is non-invasive, painless, and cheap, while also being very comfortable for both children and the elderly. In addition, saliva can be collected at home, without the involvement of medical staff. Importantly, the use of saliva is not limited to the diagnosis of oral diseases. Saliva is more often used for the early diagnosis of systemic diseases, including metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological, and genetic disorders. Salivaomics is a rapidly expanding field of knowledge, which includes four diagnostic protein alphabets, mRNAs, miRNAs, metabolic compounds, and microbes. The adoption of non-invasive, rapid, outpatient salivary screening tests could greatly facilitate the early diagnosis of many diseases in the future. In this Special Issue, we will focus on recent advances in salivary diagnostics, including both oral and systemic diseases.

Dr. Mateusz Maciejczyk
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • saliva
  • salivary glands
  • salivary biomarkers
  • salivary diagnostics
  • salivaomics
  • biomarkers

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1566 KiB  
Article
Effects of Age, Drug Dose, and Sampling Time on Salivary Levels of Olanzapine, Quetiapine, and Their Metabolites
by Ewelina Dziurkowska and Marek Wesołowski
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(10), 3288; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103288 - 13 Oct 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2205
Abstract
Although blood is the basic test material to monitor levels of antipsychotic drugs in a person’s system, saliva could serve as a more convenient test material. Therefore, the aim of this novel study was to determine the correlations between the salivary levels of [...] Read more.
Although blood is the basic test material to monitor levels of antipsychotic drugs in a person’s system, saliva could serve as a more convenient test material. Therefore, the aim of this novel study was to determine the correlations between the salivary levels of olanzapine and quetiapine (and their metabolites: N-demethyl olanzapine and norquetiapine) and the patient’s sex and age, dose level, and the time of sampling. The study involved two groups of patients: 21 female patients starting treatment immediately after being admitted to the hospital and 36 male and female nursing home residents, long-time users of the studied drugs. Women had lower levels of the tested analytes than men. Quetiapine levels in the saliva of people starting the treatment showed a positive correlation with the age of the patients and a strong positive correlation with the dose level. The saliva levels of olanzapine showed a strong correlation with its metabolite in patients who had recently started treatment. Among long-time users of this drug, salivary levels differed significantly before and after administration. In conclusion, the results indicate that there is a possibility of using saliva as a material for monitoring quetiapine or olanzapine concentrations, especially in people starting treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Saliva in Non-Invasive Diagnostics of Oral and Systemic Diseases)
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16 pages, 676 KiB  
Article
Salivary Cytokine Profile as a Possible Predictor of Autism Spectrum Disorder
by Joanna Samborska-Mazur, Anna Kostiukow, Izabela Miechowicz, Dorota Sikorska, Rafał Rutkowski, Marzena Wyganowska-Świątkowska and Katarzyna Błochowiak
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(10), 3101; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103101 - 25 Sep 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2754
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by neurodevelopmental disorders and alterations in immune function and cytokine levels. The aim of this study is to determine the salivary levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [...] Read more.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by neurodevelopmental disorders and alterations in immune function and cytokine levels. The aim of this study is to determine the salivary levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Regulated on Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES), and Eotaxin in children with ASD and in healthy controlsto assess their predictive potential. We explored correlations between the cytokine levels and the neurodevelopmental disorders related to ASD. The study comprised 19 children with ASD and 19 typically developing (TD) ones. We analyzed salivary levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, MCP-1, RANTES, and eotaxin on Luminex with custom-designed 7-plex kits. The level of RANTES in ASD children was significantly lower than those of TD. In TDs, the salivary levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, and TNFα correlated positively with age. In ASD, the cytokine levels did not correlate with age. There were statistically significant differences between the RANTES level and aggression and gait disturbances, between IL-8 level and fixations/stimulations, and between IL-1β level and no active speech. The levels of the cytokine detected can manifest both systemic and local changes related to ASD. The cytokine pattern cannot be used as a sole ASD predictor, but the salivary levels may be helpful in categorizing the ASD subtype. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Saliva in Non-Invasive Diagnostics of Oral and Systemic Diseases)
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