jcm-logo

Journal Browser

Journal Browser

COVID-19 and Endocrine Complications

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology & Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 April 2026 | Viewed by 820

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
Interests: cardiovascular disease; COVID-19; diabetes; osteoporosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

SARS-CoV-2 infection initially causes respiratory problems, but it may also impair the function of endocrine organs, including gonads, pancreas, pituitary, adrenal, and thyroid glands. The rate of death and hospitalization is still remarkable. Furthermore, the long-term complications of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection require more investigation. The current preventive and therapeutic approaches may prevent the complications of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as hospitalization and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, treating acute SARS-CoV-2 infection with mainly antivirals seems to be inadequate. This is primarily due to the constant changes in the genetic profile of SARS-CoV-2, which are gradually causing resistance to antivirals. In this regard, the therapeutic approaches need to be expanded on steadily, particularly by applying an alternative approach to tackle the ACE2 receptor, mitigate viral entry into the cells, reduce viral proliferation, and thus alleviate organ damages. In this Special Issue, we welcome authors to submit papers on the short- and long-term complications of COVID-19, especially endocrine complications. In addition, new approaches in terms of both the prevention and treatment of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection are welcome to be proposed.

Dr. Kamyar Asadipooya
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adrenal
  • ACE2
  • diabetes
  • gonads
  • pituitary
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • thyroid

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

14 pages, 664 KB  
Article
Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndrome and Thyroid Autoimmunity in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study
by Ewa Kozłowska, Milena Małecka-Giełdowska and Olga Ciepiela
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(19), 6784; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14196784 - 25 Sep 2025
Viewed by 501
Abstract
Background: Thyroid dysfunction, including non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), is commonly observed in critically ill patients and has been reported in COVID-19, particularly in those with severe disease. NTIS is defined by low free triiodothyronine (fT3) with normal or low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) [...] Read more.
Background: Thyroid dysfunction, including non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), is commonly observed in critically ill patients and has been reported in COVID-19, particularly in those with severe disease. NTIS is defined by low free triiodothyronine (fT3) with normal or low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels. Thyroid autoantibodies may also reflect immune system activation. The relationship between thyroid hormone alterations, autoimmunity, and clinical severity in COVID-19 remains incompletely understood. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 276 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, including 138 in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 138 in general wards. A control group of 110 hospitalized, non-infected patients was also analyzed. Serum concentrations of TSH, fT3, fT4 and reverse T3 (rT3) were measured. The presence of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), and thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) was assessed. Results: NTIS was observed in 44.2% of ICU patients, 18.1% of non-ICU patients, and 1.8% of controls. The fT3/rT3 ratio was lowest in ICU patients (median 0.11 vs. 0.16 in non-ICU and 0.22 in controls). Thyroid autoantibodies were significantly more prevalent in COVID-19 patients than in controls, with anti-TPO antibodies being the most frequently detected. Their presence, even in patients without known thyroid disease, may reflect immune activation associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: NTIS and thyroid autoimmunity are frequent in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and may reflect disease severity and immune activation. Our study highlights the prognostic relevance of routine thyroid testing, including the fT3/rT3 ratio and combined autoantibody positivity (notably the triple-positive pattern), by directly comparing ICU and non-ICU patients with a non-COVID control group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Endocrine Complications)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop