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Prevention and Intervention of Dementia
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Prevention and Intervention of Dementia

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (2 December 2022) | Viewed by 9539

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Agnes Sui-Yin Chan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
Interests: cognitive impairment associated with brain disorders; cortical plasticity on cognitive function; cognitive interventions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over 55 million people live with dementia worldwide, and there are about 10 million people diagnosed with dementia annually. Dementia is the seventh leading cause of death among all diseases and is a significant cause of disability among older adults. This disease affects the cognitive function and daily lives of the patients, and has significant social and economic impacts. Therefore, research on preventing the development of dementia and possible intervention of dementia is clinically significant. Several risk factors have been identified, including physical activities, eating habits, social support, education level, and air pollution. Furthermore, various interventions have been studied. Pharmacological treatment has been a major scientific research topic, and a new drug Aduhelm has recently been approved by the FDA (in 2021). Besides the investigation of drug intervention, other nonpharmacological interventions have been reported. For instance, findings on brain stimulation such as transcranial direct current stimulation and photobiomodulation have shown positive effects. The lifestyle intervention has received increasing attention recently. We welcome any research article or review paper related to the prevention or intervention of dementia for this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Agnes Sui-Yin Chan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dementia
  • prevention and intervention
  • risk factors
  • cognitive function

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 904 KiB  
Article
Conventional Synthetic Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs and the Risk of Vascular Dementia in Patients with Spondyloarthritis: A Database Cohort Study
by Yu-Hao Lee, Shih-Wei Huang, Chih-Kuang Chen, Jia-Pei Hong, Yi-Wen Chen and Hui-Wen Lin
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(3), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030950 - 26 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1488
Abstract
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease that mainly affects the axial bones, and dementia is characterized by a decline in cognitive function, leading to dependence in everyday activity. Although the association between dementia and ankylosing spondylitis has been investigated, the [...] Read more.
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease that mainly affects the axial bones, and dementia is characterized by a decline in cognitive function, leading to dependence in everyday activity. Although the association between dementia and ankylosing spondylitis has been investigated, the influence of axSpA medication on dementia risk is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of dementia among axSpA patients and if the conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) can reduce the risk of dementia. Patients with axSpA whose data were recorded during 2004–2008 and who were followed up until the end of 2010 were recruited. A control cohort was matched by age and sex. A Cox multivariate proportional hazards model was applied to analyze the risk factors for dementia. The hazard ratio (HR) and adjusted HR (aHR) were estimated between the study and control cohorts. The effects of csDMARDs and steroid use on the risk of different types of dementia were also analyzed. In total, 2341 and 11,705 patients constituted the axSpA and control cohort, respectively. The axSpA cohort had a greater risk of vascular dementia (aHR = 2.09 (1.36–3.20). The risk of dementia (aHR = 1.01 (0.55–1.85) did not significantly differ between patients with axSpA who received csDMARDs. In conclusion, patients with axSpA are at a risk of vascular dementia, which could be reduced by csDMARDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Intervention of Dementia)
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12 pages, 388 KiB  
Article
The Assessment of the Socioemotional Disorder in Neurodegenerative Diseases with the Revised Self-Monitoring Scale (RSMS)
by Tatiana Dimitriou, Theodore Parthimos, Vasiliki Kamtsadeli, Niki Tsinia, Maria Hatzopoulou, Evi Lykou, Lina Chatziantoniou, Olga Papatriantafyllou, Chara Tzavara, Panagiotis Zikos, Sokratis Papageorgiou, Bruce Miller, Kate Rankin and John Papatriantafyllou
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(24), 7375; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247375 - 12 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1459
Abstract
Background: Social cognition helps people to understand their own and others’ behavior and to modulate the way of thinking and acting in different social situations. Rapid and accurate diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases are essential, as social cognition is affected by these diseases. The [...] Read more.
Background: Social cognition helps people to understand their own and others’ behavior and to modulate the way of thinking and acting in different social situations. Rapid and accurate diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases are essential, as social cognition is affected by these diseases. The Revised Self-Monitoring Scale (RSMS) is a scale that detects social–emotional cognition deficits. Aim: The aim of the current study is to examine how socioemotional parameters are affected by neurodegenerative diseases and whether the RSMS can discern these disorders based on the socioemotional parameters in the Greek population. Methods/Design: A total of 331 dementia subjects were included. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (Revised, ACE-R) measurements were used in order to assess the cognitive deficits. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used for the evaluation of the neuropsychiatric symptoms. The RSMS and its two subscales was used in order to detect the socioemotional deficits. Results: The RSMS and its two subscales (RSMS_EX and RSMS_SP) can effectively detect neurodegenerative diseases. The RSMS can detect bvFTD in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), AD in a healthy cohort, behavioral variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) in a healthy cohort, bvFTD in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Frontotemporal Semantic Dementia (FTD/SD) in a healthy cohort. It is a useful tool in order to detect frontotemporal dementias. RSMS correlated negatively with the NPI questionnaire total and the subcategories of apathy, disinhibition and eating disorders. The RSMS results are associated with the ACE-R score (specifically verbal fluency). Conclusions: The RSMS is a helpful tool in order to identify socioemotional deficits in neurodegenerative dementias. It is also a useful scale that can discern bvFTD and svPPA in AD patients. A worse RSMS score correlates with a worse ACE-R and NPI. It seems to be a useful scale that can reliably measure social behavior in non-reversible neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD, FTD (bvFTD, svPPA), PDD and PD. The results also apply to the Greek population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Intervention of Dementia)
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8 pages, 862 KiB  
Communication
A Proposal of Cognitive Intervention in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease through an Assembling Game: A Pilot Study
by Remedios Navarro-Martos and Francisco Nieto-Escamez
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(13), 3907; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133907 - 5 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2119
Abstract
(1) Background: Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible brain disease, and current treatments are aimed at fighting cognitive decline. We have explored the feasibility of a game-based intervention for people with moderate Alzheimer’s disease; (2) Methods: Six participants, five women and one man, were [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible brain disease, and current treatments are aimed at fighting cognitive decline. We have explored the feasibility of a game-based intervention for people with moderate Alzheimer’s disease; (2) Methods: Six participants, five women and one man, were recruited from a day center to participate in a five-week study, which included a re- and post-evaluation with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) tests. Three participants were assigned to the control group and three others to the experimental one. Both groups performed a play activity consisting of assembling a pie toy. Participants in the experimental group were asked to make a pie matching a sample after a time interval. Control group participants were asked to freely assemble a pie without the matching component; (3) Results: Patients were shown to be motivated during such an activity during the nine sessions. The experimental group showed a significant increase in IFS scores when comparing the post- and pre-intervention assessments. No significant differences were observed in MoCA scores; (4) The intervention created a social and emotional climate suitable to maintaining participants’ satisfaction and motivation, as well as to developing executive function while promoting positive emotions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Intervention of Dementia)
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Review

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21 pages, 593 KiB  
Review
Digital Cognitive Biomarker for Mild Cognitive Impairments and Dementia: A Systematic Review
by Zihan Ding, Tsz-lok Lee and Agnes S. Chan
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(14), 4191; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144191 - 19 Jul 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3668
Abstract
The dementia population is increasing as the world’s population is growing older. The current systematic review aims to identify digital cognitive biomarkers from computerized tests for detecting dementia and its risk state of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to evaluate the diagnostic performance [...] Read more.
The dementia population is increasing as the world’s population is growing older. The current systematic review aims to identify digital cognitive biomarkers from computerized tests for detecting dementia and its risk state of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of digital cognitive biomarkers. A literature search was performed in three databases, and supplemented by a Google search for names of previously identified computerized tests. Computerized tests were categorized into five types, including memory tests, test batteries, other single/multiple cognitive tests, handwriting/drawing tests, and daily living tasks and serious games. Results showed that 78 studies were eligible. Around 90% of the included studies were rated as high quality based on the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Most of the digital cognitive biomarkers achieved comparable or even better diagnostic performance than traditional paper-and-pencil tests. Moderate to large group differences were consistently observed in cognitive outcomes related to memory and executive functions, as well as some novel outcomes measured by handwriting/drawing tests, daily living tasks, and serious games. These outcomes have the potential to be sensitive digital cognitive biomarkers for MCI and dementia. Therefore, digital cognitive biomarkers can be a sensitive and promising clinical tool for detecting MCI and dementia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Intervention of Dementia)
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