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Clinical Management of Respiratory Tract Infection
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Clinical Management of Respiratory Tract Infection

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Pulmonology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 August 2023) | Viewed by 7132

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Xin Su

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
Interests: lung infection; COPD; lung cancer; pulmonary mycosis; respiratory tract infection

Special Issue Information

Respiratory tract infection is one of the most common diseases encountered by physicians in clinical practice. Bacterial, fungal, or viral infections of the respiratory tract remain an important cause of death. Quick pathogen diagnosis, antimicrobial drug resistance, and new emerging infections comprise the major challenges faced by clinicians.

This Special Issue aims to focus on current research on community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, fungal lung infection, etc. We welcome articles on the latest diagnostic techniques, pathogenic microorganisms, drug efficacy, epidemiological analysis, and other clinical research, to provide evidence and thoughts for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of respiratory tract infection.

Prof. Dr. Xin Su
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • community-acquired pneumonia
  • hospital-acquired pneumonia
  • bronchiectasis
  • tuberculosis
  • fungal lung infection
  • respiratory tract infection

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1165 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Diabetes Control Status on CT Findings in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Emphasis on Bronchial Erosive Changes
by Min Kyung Jung, Sang Young Lee, Jeong Min Ko and Soo-Ah Im
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(14), 4725; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12144725 - 17 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1239
Abstract
Purpose: Studies on the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the radiologic findings of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) have reported inconsistent results. These findings may have been influenced by the glycemic control status of the patients studied. To our knowledge, no recent data have [...] Read more.
Purpose: Studies on the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the radiologic findings of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) have reported inconsistent results. These findings may have been influenced by the glycemic control status of the patients studied. To our knowledge, no recent data have described the effect of the DM control status on CT findings in PTB in terms of medium-sized airway involvement that is visualized as bronchial erosion on CT. The aim of this present study was to determine whether the DM control status influenced radiological manifestations in patients with PTB, with an emphasis on bronchial erosive changes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center study on patients who were newly diagnosed with PTB. A total of 426 consecutive patients with PTB who underwent CT scans at the time of diagnosis from 1 January 2017 to 31 March 2020 were included in this study. The included patients were categorized as having no DM (non-DM), controlled DM, or uncontrolled DM. The patient medical charts, microbiology study results, and pulmonary changes on the CT scans were analyzed. Results: Among 426 patients with PTB who underwent CT scans at the time of diagnosis, 91 were excluded either due to undetermined hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels (n = 25) or concomitant pulmonary diseases (n = 66) that would make the analysis of the pulmonary changes on CT scans difficult. Finally, 335 patients were included in this study (224 men and 111 women; mean age, 59 years; range, 16–95 years). Among the 335 patients, 82 (24.5%) had DM and 52 of those (63.4%) had an uncontrolled status. The frequency of cavitation (43% vs. 23% vs. 79%, p < 0.001) and bronchial erosion (44% vs. 30% vs. 73%, p < 0.001) was significantly different between the three groups. The uncontrolled DM group showed a high frequency of cavitation and bronchial erosion compared to the non-DM (cavitation, p < 0.001 and bronchial erosion, p < 0.001) and controlled DM groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). However, the frequency of cavitation and bronchial erosion in the controlled DM group was not different compared to the non-DM group. Conclusion: The glycemic status (HbA1C ≥ 7.0), not the presence of DM, influenced the radiologic manifestations of PTB, especially in terms of medium-sized bronchial involvement, appearing as bronchial erosive changes and the feeding bronchus sign on chest CT scans. This difference in the uncontrolled DM group was likely to contribute to the higher frequency of cavitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management of Respiratory Tract Infection)
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24 pages, 398 KiB  
Article
Management of Preschool Wheezing: Guideline from the Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group
by Valentina Fainardi, Carlo Caffarelli, Michela Deolmi, Kaltra Skenderaj, Aniello Meoli, Riccardo Morini, Barbara Maria Bergamini, Luca Bertelli, Loretta Biserna, Paolo Bottau, Elena Corinaldesi, Nicoletta De Paulis, Arianna Dondi, Battista Guidi, Francesca Lombardi, Maria Sole Magistrali, Elisabetta Marastoni, Silvia Pastorelli, Alessandra Piccorossi, Maurizio Poloni, Sylvie Tagliati, Francesca Vaienti, Giuseppe Gregori, Roberto Sacchetti, Sandra Mari, Manuela Musetti, Francesco Antodaro, Andrea Bergomi, Lamberto Reggiani, Fabio Caramelli, Alessandro De Fanti, Federico Marchetti, Giampaolo Ricci and Susanna Espositoadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(16), 4763; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164763 - 15 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2992
Abstract
Preschool wheezing should be considered an umbrella term for distinctive diseases with different observable and measurable phenotypes. Despite many efforts, there is a large gap in knowledge regarding management of preschool wheezing. In order to fill this lack of knowledge, the aim of [...] Read more.
Preschool wheezing should be considered an umbrella term for distinctive diseases with different observable and measurable phenotypes. Despite many efforts, there is a large gap in knowledge regarding management of preschool wheezing. In order to fill this lack of knowledge, the aim of these guidelines was to define management of wheezing disorders in preschool children (aged up to 5 years). A multidisciplinary panel of experts of the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy, addressed twelve different key questions regarding the management of preschool wheezing. Clinical questions have been formulated by the expert panel using the PICO format (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) and systematic reviews have been conducted on PubMed to answer these specific questions, with the aim of formulating recommendations. The GRADE approach has been used for each selected paper, to assess the quality of the evidence and the degree of recommendations. These guidelines represent, in our opinion, the most complete and up-to-date collection of recommendations on preschool wheezing to guide pediatricians in the management of their patients, standardizing approaches. Undoubtedly, more research is needed to find objective biomarkers and understand underlying mechanisms to assess phenotype and endotype and to personalize targeted treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management of Respiratory Tract Infection)
11 pages, 724 KiB  
Article
NLRP3, NLRC4 and NLRC5 Gene Polymorphisms Associate with Susceptibility of Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Non-Neutropenic Patients
by Jinjin Zhong, Lulu Liu, Yajie Lu, Yu Gu, Jiangnan Zhao, Bilin Chen, Wei Zhou and Xin Su
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(7), 1870; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11071870 - 28 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1766
Abstract
Background: Non-neutropenic pulmonary aspergillosis is one of the most common and serious fungal infections. Previous studies have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of pattern recognition receptors genes are associated with susceptibility to aspergillosis. NOD-like receptors (NLRs) play an important role in the [...] Read more.
Background: Non-neutropenic pulmonary aspergillosis is one of the most common and serious fungal infections. Previous studies have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of pattern recognition receptors genes are associated with susceptibility to aspergillosis. NOD-like receptors (NLRs) play an important role in the immunological response against fungal infection. In this study, we investigated the relationship between polymorphisms of three NLRs and susceptibility to pulmonary aspergillosis disease in non-neutropenic patients. Methods: We included 73 patients with proven pulmonary aspergillosis and 103 healthy controls. A total of sixteen SNPs in the NLRP3, NLRC4, and NLRC5 genes were detected by PCR-direct sequencing. Then, we evaluated the association between these polymorphisms and susceptibility to aspergillosis. Results: Fifteen SNPs were consistent with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium except for NLRP3 rs7525979. A total of eight SNPs (NLRP3 rs3806265, NLRC4 rs212704 and NLRC5 rs1684579, rs12598522, rs3995817, rs3995818, rs34531240, rs28438857) were observed an association with susceptibility of pulmonary aspergillosis. The CC homozygote of NLRP3 rs3806265, TT homozygote of NLRC5 rs1684579 and T allele of NLRC5 rs12598522 were associated with a higher risk of aspergillosis while TT homozygote of NLRC4 rs212704 was associated with a lower risk of aspergillosis. Especially in the invasive pulmonary aspergillosis subgroup, the TT homozygote of NLRC5 rs1684579 and rs3995817, the CC homozygote of NLRC5 rs34531240 and rs28438857, GG homozygote of NLRC5 rs3995818, the C allele and CC homozygote of NLRP3 rs3806265 were associated with higher susceptibility. Conclusions: This study showed an association between polymorphisms of NLRP3, NLRC4, and NLRC5 and susceptibility to pulmonary aspergillosis for the first time. Further investigations in larger populations are needed, and functional studies are also required to investigate the function of these NLRs in aspergillosis, as well as other fungal infection diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management of Respiratory Tract Infection)
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