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Role of Exercises in Musculoskeletal Disorders—7th Edition
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Role of Exercises in Musculoskeletal Disorders—7th Edition

A special issue of Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (ISSN 2411-5142). This special issue belongs to the section "Functional Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 3675

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Musumeci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
Interests: anatomy; histology; kinesiology; musculoskeletal disorders; sports medicine; cartilage; osteoarthritis; physical activity; aging; nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Physical activity covers not just sports but also simple everyday movements, such as housework, walking, and playing. Regular exercise has a great importance in maintaining good health: “Mens sana in corpore sano”. Indeed, inactivity is a risk factor for different chronic diseases. Physical exercise can play a crucial role in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, optimizing both physical and mental health, decreasing fatigue, and improving sleep. An exercise program for patients with musculoskeletal disorders aims to preserve or restore a range of motion of the affected joints, enhancing bone turnover, increase functional joint stability, increase muscle strength and endurance, improve balance, reduce pain, and decrease health risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Moreover, physical activity is a good way to socialize and improve mood, and it is an excellent antistress agent. The benefits of exercise on physical limitations and fatigue in musculoskeletal disorders seem to have both short- and long-term effectiveness. This Special Issue will focus on the “Role of Exercises in Musculoskeletal Disorders”. Original papers and review articles are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Musumeci
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • musculoskeletal disorders
  • physical activity
  • exercises
  • sport medicine
  • rehabilitation
  • osteoarthritis fatigue, pain, and balance
  • muscle strength and endurance
  • joint stability
  • rheumatic diseases

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Related Special Issues

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 5570 KiB  
Article
Bone Adaptations to a Whole Body Vibration Protocol in Murine Models of Different Ages: A Preliminary Study on Structural Changes and Biomarker Evaluation
by Ida Cariati, Roberto Bonanni, Cristian Romagnoli, Lucio Caprioli, Giovanna D’Arcangelo, Virginia Tancredi and Giuseppe Annino
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2025, 10(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10010026 - 10 Jan 2025
Viewed by 353
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Whole body vibration (WBV) is a valuable tool to mitigate physiological adaptations related to age and inactivity. Although significant benefits have been found at the musculoskeletal level, including increased bone mass and reduced muscle atrophy, the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Whole body vibration (WBV) is a valuable tool to mitigate physiological adaptations related to age and inactivity. Although significant benefits have been found at the musculoskeletal level, including increased bone mass and reduced muscle atrophy, the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the effects of vibratory training on bone tissue in murine models of different age groups by investigating the structural and distribution changes in some crucial biomarkers involved in musculoskeletal homeostasis. Methods: Specifically, 4-, 12-, and 24-month-old mice were trained with a WBV protocol characterized by three series of 2 min and 30 s, interspersed with a recovery period of the same duration, on a 3-weekly frequency for 3 months. At the end of the training, histological and morphometric analyses were conducted, in association with immunohistochemical analysis to investigate changes in the distribution of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Results: Our preliminary results showed that WBV improves musculoskeletal health by preserving bone architecture and promoting up-regulation of FNDC5 and SIRT1 and down-regulation of NOX4. Conclusions: Our study confirms vibratory training as a viable alternative to counter musculoskeletal decline in elderly and/or sedentary subjects. Further investigations should be conducted to deepen knowledge in this field and explore the role of other molecular mediators in physiological adaptations to vibration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Exercises in Musculoskeletal Disorders—7th Edition)
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11 pages, 2144 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Optimized Lumbar Oblique X-Ray Angles with Positioning Assistance for Enhanced Imaging Quality: A Pilot Study in an Asian Cohort
by Yu-Li Wang, Hsin-Yueeh Su, Chao-Min Cheng and Kuei-Chen Lee
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2025, 10(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10010023 - 5 Jan 2025
Viewed by 419
Abstract
Objective: Pars fractures are a common cause of lower back pain, especially among young individuals. Although computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning are commonly used in developed regions, traditional radiography remains the main diagnostic method in many developing countries. This [...] Read more.
Objective: Pars fractures are a common cause of lower back pain, especially among young individuals. Although computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning are commonly used in developed regions, traditional radiography remains the main diagnostic method in many developing countries. This study assessed whether the standard radiographic angles suggested in textbooks are optimal for an Asian population since Asian groups have lower lumbar lordosis. This study found a 35° angle to be the most effective angle for lumbar oblique X-ray imaging. Additionally, the potential for a customized positioning auxiliary device was examined to improve image quality and reduce patient discomfort in cost-sensitive healthcare settings like Taiwan’s single-payer system. Methods: A total of 100 participants underwent lumbar oblique radiography using a specially designed footboard with angle markings. Radiologists evaluated 600 images based on waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index to identify the optimal angulation for various body types. Results: For individuals with a WHR of 0.85, a 35° angle provided superior image quality, while 45° was more effective for slimmer patients. This optimized approach indicates the cost-effectiveness and diagnostic value of traditional X-ray imaging. Conclusions: The 35° angulation standardizes lumbar X-ray imaging for an Asian cohort, reducing repeat scans and improving accuracy. Using a positioning device further enhances image quality and patient comfort, supporting the clinical utility of traditional radiography in resource-limited environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Exercises in Musculoskeletal Disorders—7th Edition)
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19 pages, 1850 KiB  
Article
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Focused Vibrations Plus Kinesiotaping with Insights into Radiological Influences—An Observational Study
by Gabriele Santilli, Milvia Martino, Patrizia Pacini, Francesco Agostini, Andrea Bernetti, Luca Giuliani, Giovanni Del Gaudio, Massimiliano Mangone, Vincenzo Colonna, Mario Vetrano, Maria Chiara Vulpiani, Giulia Stella, Antonello Ciccarelli, Samanta Taurone, Antonio Franchitto, Carlo Ottonello, Vito Cantisani, Marco Paoloni, Pietro Fiore and Francesca Gimigliano
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2025, 10(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10010002 - 24 Dec 2024
Viewed by 354
Abstract
Background: This observational study investigates the efficacy of combining local muscle vibration (LMV) therapy and kinesiotaping using the McConnell method (KMcCM) in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). PFPS is a prevalent knee condition characterized by anterior or medial knee pain exacerbated by [...] Read more.
Background: This observational study investigates the efficacy of combining local muscle vibration (LMV) therapy and kinesiotaping using the McConnell method (KMcCM) in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). PFPS is a prevalent knee condition characterized by anterior or medial knee pain exacerbated by activities that overload the patellofemoral joint. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of LMV combined with KMcCM in reducing pain and improving function in PFPS patients. Methods: A total of 52 participants, aged 25–85, with PFPS were included. Participants underwent LMV and KMcCM treatments three times weekly for three weeks. Pain and function were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at baseline (T0) and six months post-treatment (T1). Radiological assessments of patellar alignment and biomechanics were also conducted through dynamic MRI. Results: Significant pain reduction and functional improvements were observed across all age groups. Notably, younger participants showed greater improvement compared to older participants. Among women, those in the younger age group experienced more substantial reductions in VAS scores compared to their older counterparts. KOOS scores improved significantly, indicating enhanced knee function overall. A significant decrease in VAS scores from T0 to T1 was observed across all patellar alignment groups, signifying a reduction in pain levels. However, Group 2 (Laxation and Subluxation) experienced the most substantial reduction in VAS scores at T1 compared to the other groups. These results suggest that the combination of LMV and KMcCM may be particularly effective in addressing biomechanical abnormalities associated with patellar maltracking and enhancing VMO muscle contraction, leading to more substantial improvements in these patients. Conclusions: The combination of LMV and KMcCM demonstrates promising efficacy in reducing pain and improving knee function in PFPS patients, with age and gender influencing treatment outcomes. The most significant improvements were observed in younger individuals and those with specific patellar alignment issues, highlighting the potential of this combined approach for the targeted treatment of PFPS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Exercises in Musculoskeletal Disorders—7th Edition)
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9 pages, 908 KiB  
Article
A Complete Functional Characterization of Patients with Severe Knee Osteoarthritis in Need of Total Knee Replacement
by Vinicius Taboni Lisboa, Bruno de Paula Leite Arruda, Rafael de Andrade Tambascia, Alessandro Rozin Zorzi, Alberto Cliquet, Jr. and Gustavo Constantino de Campos
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9(4), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040216 - 1 Nov 2024
Viewed by 766
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The current literature lacks objective criteria to correctly identify patients in need of a total knee replacement. Surgery indication can be challenging for orthopedic surgeons, which may lead to high levels of patient dissatisfaction. The objective of this study is to describe [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The current literature lacks objective criteria to correctly identify patients in need of a total knee replacement. Surgery indication can be challenging for orthopedic surgeons, which may lead to high levels of patient dissatisfaction. The objective of this study is to describe a complete set of functional characteristics to identify patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis in need of a total knee replacement, correlating data from strength and performance tests with pain, function, and quality of life questionnaires. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study evaluating patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis in a waiting list for total knee replacement at a University Hospital. The patients responded to subjective self-reported questionnaires and performance-based functional tests. Anthropometric data were also collected. The main outcome measures were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index (WOMAC), visual analog scale (VAS), Short Form-36, knee range of motion, thigh perimeter measurement, maximum voluntary isometric contraction, and 6-min walk test. Results: We analyzed 122 patients (89 female). The functional profile of patients with severe knee osteoarthritis awaiting total knee replacement was described. Quadriceps strength (extensor torque) had a negative correlation with WOMAC (r = −0.3102; p < 0.05), VAS (r = −0.3247; p < 0.05), and a positive correlation with SF-36 Functional Capacity subscale (r = 0.321; p < 0.05). Poorer performance in the 6 min walk test also correlated with worse scores in the WOMAC (r = −0.35; p < 0.05), VAS (r = −0.48; p < 0.05) and SF-36. Conclusions: The present article established a functional profile of patients with severe knee osteoarthritis with indication for total knee replacement, which may help orthopedic surgeons in their decision process. We also identified quadriceps strength and a 6 min walk test as the two most important functional parameters that correlate with knee osteoarthritis severity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Exercises in Musculoskeletal Disorders—7th Edition)
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Review

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16 pages, 945 KiB  
Review
Hands-On Versus Hands-Off Treatment of Hip-Related Nonspecific Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Systematic Review
by Giulia Franceschi, Irene Scotto, Filippo Maselli, Firas Mourad and Marco Gallotti
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9(4), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040262 - 7 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1470
Abstract
Background/Objectives: A manual approach combined with therapeutic exercise versus therapeutic exercise alone is a debated issue in the literature. The American College of Rheumatology guidelines “conditionally recommended against” manual therapy for the management of hip osteoarthritis. Manual therapy followed by exercise, instead, appears [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: A manual approach combined with therapeutic exercise versus therapeutic exercise alone is a debated issue in the literature. The American College of Rheumatology guidelines “conditionally recommended against” manual therapy for the management of hip osteoarthritis. Manual therapy followed by exercise, instead, appears to lead to a faster return to sport than exercise alone for adductor groin pain. There is a need to understand which is the most effective treatment in the management of hip nonspecific musculoskeletal diseases. The aim of this systematic review is to determine which is the most effective treatment between manual therapy combined with therapeutic exercise and therapeutic exercise alone in subjects with hip nonspecific musculoskeletal diseases. Methods: This systematic review complies with the guidelines of the 2020 Prisma Statement. The databases consulted were Pubmed, Cinahl, and Web Of Science. The search was conducted from October 2004 to November 2023. The search string was developed following the PICO model. Free terms or synonyms (e.g., manual therapy, exercise therapy, hip disease, effectiveness) and Medical Subject Headings terms were combined with Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT). The risk-of-bias assessment was conducted using Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized controlled trials and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for observational studies. A qualitative analysis of the results was conducted through narrative synthesis of key concepts. When possible, quantitative analysis was conducted through statistical parameters. Results: Ten articles were analyzed. Results show no differences between the interventions analyzed. Preliminary evidence seems to favor the combined intervention for the outcomes of pain, ROM, and patient satisfaction, with other studies claiming an absence of differences. Only one study claims that therapeutic exercise alone is more effective for quality of life. Preliminary evidence seems to show that manual therapy does not seem to bring any benefit in addition to therapeutic exercise in mid- and long-term functionality, especially for hip osteoarthritis. Conclusions: There seems to be no difference in effectiveness between manual therapy combined with therapeutic exercise and therapeutic exercise alone in individuals with hip nonspecific musculoskeletal diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Exercises in Musculoskeletal Disorders—7th Edition)
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