Challenges in Monitoring and Management of Water Quality in Coastal Areas

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Environmental Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 August 2024) | Viewed by 3951

Special Issue Editor

Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico, 1-N, 61032 Fano, Italy
Interests: coastal monitoring; microbial monitoring; organic matter biodegradation; climate change; coastal contaminants; public health; microbial aquatic pathogens
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coastal areas represent a strategic location and rich natural resources and are also considered an important biosphere element because they sustain habitat diversity. Due to their position as a transitional component between the continental and marine environment with closely connected natural and anthropic actions, coastal areas are certainly the most changeable sector, influenced by both natural and socio-economic factors. More recently, coasts have undergone processes including erosion and retreat, ecosystem deterioration, increased storms due to climate change, coastal flooding, sea level rise and coastal water quality deterioration, including harmful algal blooms. All these factors highlight a transformation that threatens the equilibrium of the coastal system and impoverishes its resources.

Original articles and thematic reviews are encouraged, based on various aspects, including but not limited to those listed below.

  • Monitoring sea level and coastline erosion by satellite;
  • Detecting the development of coastal settlements;
  • Use of remote sensing;
  • Characterization of physical properties of the coastal zone by land topography, bathymetry, vertical land motion, land cover/land use;
  • Monitoring relevant variables for marine coastal hazards as sea level, sea surface temperature, surface wind–wave interaction;
  • Monitoring marine coastal hazards such as coastal erosion and flooding;
  • Shoreline changes;
  • Maritime pollution by oil, hydrocarbon spills and plastics, and underwater noise;
  • Water quality determination via detection of pathogenic microorganisms by high-throughput sequencing;
  • Coastal management tools and strategies;
  • Adaptive coastal management to maintain community resilience and continuous storm barriers.

Dr. Milva Pepi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • water quality
  • coastal waters
  • nearshore waters
  • coastal microbiology
  • sea level rise
  • coastal erosion
  • shoreline erosion
  • remote sensing

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 9893 KiB  
Article
Diatoms of the Macroalgae Epiphyton and Bioindication of the Protected Coastal Waters of the Kazantip Cape (Crimea, the Sea of Azov)
by Anna Bondarenko, Armine Shiroyan, Larisa Ryabushko and Sophia Barinova
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(7), 1211; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071211 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 585
Abstract
This article is about the diversity of diatoms in the benthos of the upper sublittoral near Kazantip Cape, located on the shore of the Sea of Azov in the northeastern part of Crimea. The study was conducted in 2022 and 2023 at a [...] Read more.
This article is about the diversity of diatoms in the benthos of the upper sublittoral near Kazantip Cape, located on the shore of the Sea of Azov in the northeastern part of Crimea. The study was conducted in 2022 and 2023 at a depth of 0.1 to 1 m at temperatures from 3.7 °C to 29 °C and salinity from 13.6 to 15.6 psu on the following 11 species of macroalgae: Phaeophyta of Ericaria crinita, Gongolaria barbata, and Cladosiphon mediterraneus; Chlorophyta—Bryopsis hypnoides, Cladophora liniformis, Ulva intestinalis, and Ulva linza; and Rhodophyta—Callithamnion corymbosum, Ceramium arborescens, Polysiphonia denudata, and Pyropia leucosticta. A total of 97 taxa of Bacillariophyta belonging to 3 classes, 21 orders, 30 families, and 45 genera were found. The highest number of diatom species was found on U. linza (61 species), P. denudata (45), E. crinita (40), the lowest number was recorded on thalli P. leucosticta (9). On macroalgae were found of 80% benthic diatoms, 50% marine species, 36% brackish-marine, 9% freshwater, 5% brackish, and 36% cosmopolites. The maximum abundance of the diatom community was 243.4 × 103 cells/cm2 (P. denudata in September at 23.9 °C and 15.0 psu) with dominance by the diatom of Licmophora abbreviata, and the minimum was 3.8 × 103 cells/cm2 (P. leucosticta in January at 3.7 °C and 15.0 psu). The presence in the epiphyton of diatoms—indicators of moderate organic water pollution (32 species), which developed in masse in late summer—indicate a constant inflow of organic matter into the coastal waters of the Kazantip Cape. The bioindicator and statistical studies indicate the effectiveness of the conservation regime, especially at stations within the IUCN reserve, despite relatively high saprobity rates at stations exposed to recreational pressure and poorly treated domestic wastewater. Full article
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15 pages, 2235 KiB  
Article
Parallel Intelligent Monitoring System of Port Water Quality Based on the ACP Method
by Jianqun Guo, Zhonglian Jiang, Xiao Chu and Wenyuan Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(2), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020218 - 25 Jan 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1312
Abstract
With the rapid development of port construction and the shipping industry, port water quality issues are of great concern. This is always a challenging task due to the frequent human activities and dynamic processes involved. A parallel intelligent water quality monitoring system is [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of port construction and the shipping industry, port water quality issues are of great concern. This is always a challenging task due to the frequent human activities and dynamic processes involved. A parallel intelligent water quality monitoring system is therefore proposed to ensure the effective monitoring and intelligent control of water pollutants. The real monitoring system and the artificial monitoring system of port water quality are established by applying artificial systems, computational experiments and parallel execution (ACP method). Both systems interact with each other and execute in parallel. The artificial monitoring system simulates complex scenarios, while the real monitoring system feeds the artificial monitoring system with actual monitoring data. By means of data-driven and model-driven approaches, the two systems can compute, observe and evaluate to control, manage and train models. Through the continuous optimization between the two systems, the efficiency and accuracy of the water quality monitoring system could be improved. Technical support can be further provided for the planning of water quality monitoring sites, implementation of monitoring tasks, allocation of emergency resources, etc. As in-situ monitoring data are obtained, computational experiments and parallel executions could be conducted to achieve the ultimate goal of port water quality management. Full article
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12 pages, 2691 KiB  
Article
Measurement of Turbidity and Total Suspended Matter in the Albufera of Valencia Lagoon (Spain) Using Sentinel-2 Images
by Juan V. Molner, Juan M. Soria, Rebeca Pérez-González and Xavier Sòria-Perpinyà
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(10), 1894; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11101894 - 29 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1350
Abstract
In the context of freshwater ecosystems, turbidity and suspended solids play crucial roles, with their levels significantly influenced by anthropogenic activities. This study focuses on assessing and monitoring these parameters in Albufera de Valencia using Sentinel-2 imagery. The primary aim is to establish [...] Read more.
In the context of freshwater ecosystems, turbidity and suspended solids play crucial roles, with their levels significantly influenced by anthropogenic activities. This study focuses on assessing and monitoring these parameters in Albufera de Valencia using Sentinel-2 imagery. The primary aim is to establish reliable estimation algorithms that can contribute to effective ecosystem management. This study calibrated and validated algorithms for estimating turbidity and suspended solids. The R783 × R705/R490 model proved to have the best performance for estimating turbidity and total solids in Albufera. However, R783/R490 obtained a higher coefficient of determination for the organic part, while the R705 band was selected for the inorganic part. However, to achieve better estimates of turbidity and inorganic matter, more research is needed in the future. The implications of excessive suspended solids are underscored, including the depletion of dissolved oxygen and reduced primary productivity due to limited light penetration and habitat availability. Collaboration between disciplines such as limnology, optics, and water chemistry is crucial to advance water quality estimation models in lakes and lagoons such as Albufera. By integrating expertise and approaches from these diverse fields, new knowledge can be gained, and the basis for more effective management and conservation strategies can be laid. Full article
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