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Verification and Validation Analysis on Marine Applications
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Verification and Validation Analysis on Marine Applications

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 January 2024) | Viewed by 13948

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Simone Mancini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Napoli, NA, Italy
2. Department of Hydro and Aerodynamics, Force Technology, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
Interests: CFD ship hydrodynamics; CFD verification and validation procedures; high-speed craft; ship design; ship maneuvering and seakeeping
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Momchil Terziev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, UK
Interests: computational fluid dynamics; ship hydrodynamics; turbulence

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The significant increase in the last two decades of the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in engineering applications in general, and in the maritime fields, inevitably has led to the need to assess the accuracy and reliability of the numerical results. This goal can be achieved by the Verification and Validation (V&V) procedures. The V&V procedures allow the estimation of the uncertainties in a simulation (modeling and numerical) and an experimental test (verification). Based on the uncertainties estimated in the verification part and the comparison error, a simulation can be/or not be validated against the corresponding experimental test. Several approaches and procedures have been developed to perform V&V analysis of CFD simulations and, in the maritime field, the ITTC (International Towing Tank Conference) defined a specific guideline for the Uncertainty Analysis in CFD application on ships and offshore structures. The V&V analyses, initially applied in very few cases, are now widely implemented due to the ever-larger number of CFD simulations performed and are providing significant feedback regarding the results and the limits of the existing V&V procedures.

Therefore, the scope of the present Special Issue is to collect research and studies on the application of the different V&V procedures/methodologies applied especially in the maritime field (hydrodynamic applications, marine applications, etc.) investigating the results and the eventual shortcomings/limits of the existing procedures themselves.

Dr. Simone Mancini
Dr. Momchil Terziev
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • verification and validation
  • uncertainty analysis
  • numerical error
  • modeling error
  • comparison error
  • benchmark hulls
  • benchmark propellers

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

3 pages, 151 KiB  
Editorial
Verification and Validation Analysis on Marine Applications
by Simone Mancini and Momchil Terziev
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(9), 1618; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091618 - 11 Sep 2024
Viewed by 533
Abstract
Both users and developers of computational simulations are facing a crucial dilemma—how can confidence in modelling and simulation be properly evaluated [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Verification and Validation Analysis on Marine Applications)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

23 pages, 8867 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigation of Single and Double Steps in Planing Hulls
by Muhammad Sulman, Simone Mancini and Rasul Niazmand Bilandi
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(4), 614; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12040614 - 2 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1545
Abstract
Incorporating steps into a hull reduces the wetted surface, promoting improved hydrodynamic lift and reduced resistance at high speeds, provided that the step is designed appropriately. Traditional hydrodynamics studies rely on scaled model testing in towing tanks, but numerical tools offer a more [...] Read more.
Incorporating steps into a hull reduces the wetted surface, promoting improved hydrodynamic lift and reduced resistance at high speeds, provided that the step is designed appropriately. Traditional hydrodynamics studies rely on scaled model testing in towing tanks, but numerical tools offer a more efficient alternative. This study focused on investigating the hydrodynamic performance of stepped hulls by modifying the parent hull of the Naples Systematic Series (C1). The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code SIEMENS PLM STAR CCM+ version 2302 was used for simulations, including four different beam Froude numbers (FrB = 1.13, 2.22, 2.56, and 2.96) and a total of 15 hull configurations with single and double steps. By employing a three-dimensional computational analysis of multiphase flow using Dynamic Fluid–Body Interaction (DFBI) and overset mesh, various performance parameters such as resistance coefficient, dimensionless wetted surface, sinkage, and dynamic trim were analyzed. The accuracy of the CFD results was confirmed through comparison with experimental data and grid uncertainty assessment. The study demonstrated that placing a single step near the transom decreased trim and increased resistance and wetted surface. Conversely, positioning a step in the forward section reduced the trim angle at lower step heights but increased trim at higher step heights in single-stepped hulls. The application of these findings contributes to the design optimization of stepped hulls for enhanced performance in high-speed maritime applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Verification and Validation Analysis on Marine Applications)
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23 pages, 6863 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Added Resistance in Regular Head Waves for the DTC Hull
by Ana-Maria Chirosca, Antonio Medina, Florin Pacuraru, Simone Saettone, Liliana Rusu and Sandita Pacuraru
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(4), 852; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040852 - 18 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2519
Abstract
Reducing the added resistance in waves has become a crucial aspect of today’s ship design. The added resistance in waves is traditionally considered proportional to the square of wave height. However, this assumption is believed to be only partly valid, and further investigations [...] Read more.
Reducing the added resistance in waves has become a crucial aspect of today’s ship design. The added resistance in waves is traditionally considered proportional to the square of wave height. However, this assumption is believed to be only partly valid, and further investigations are required. In the present study, experimental tests and numerical simulations were carried out to determine the added resistance in regular head waves of the DTC hull (the scale factor is 135). The numerical analysis was performed with SHIPFLOW 7.01, and the experimental campaign was carried out in the ETSIN-UPM towing tank. The investigation revealed that the added resistance in waves was not proportional to the square of the wave height, and a better correlation was obtained by changing the power of the wave weight to 1.75. Furthermore, an unexpected double resonance phenomenon on the added resistance was found at a Froude number of 0.13. The study also revealed an acceptable agreement between the numerical simulations and the experiments, except for the double resonance phenomenon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Verification and Validation Analysis on Marine Applications)
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20 pages, 8474 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Cavity Structure Forced Water Exit from Calm Water at Constant Lifting Velocity
by Yingfei Zan, Baowen Qi, Song Ding, Ruinan Guo, Yong Wang and Baozhong Li
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(2), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020274 - 25 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1478
Abstract
In marine engineering, the installation of structures inevitably involves the process of water exit. This paper studies the vertical force, the shape of the free surface, and the evolution of the water entrained in a cavity in the process of lifting a structure, [...] Read more.
In marine engineering, the installation of structures inevitably involves the process of water exit. This paper studies the vertical force, the shape of the free surface, and the evolution of the water entrained in a cavity in the process of lifting a structure, so as to provide guidance for practical engineering operations. Using a 1:8 experimental model, this paper derives the governing equations based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach and uses the volume of fluid method to capture the shape change of the free surface. The vertical forces obtained at different lifting speeds are found to be in good agreement with the results of previous model tests. The results show that the numerical simulation method and mesh generation described in this paper can simulate the changes in the physical quantities associated with the structure in the process of water exit. The vertical force on the structure increases nonlinearly as the lifting speed rises, and the maximum lifting speed is conservatively estimated to be 0.034 m/s using the Det Norske Veritas recommended method. The maximum vertical force occurs as the whole structure leaves the water. The water entrained in the structure is mainly located at the sides and bottom. The lifting velocity plays an important role in the water exit process. The water exit force first increases and then decreases to a stable value as the lifting velocity increases, while the maximum water exit force increases nonlinearly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Verification and Validation Analysis on Marine Applications)
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11 pages, 863 KiB  
Article
Analytical Description of an Axisymmetric Supercavitation Bubble in a Viscous Flow
by Lotan Arad Ludar and Alon Gany
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(12), 2029; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10122029 - 19 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1711
Abstract
One of the basic elements which characterizes flow regimes, is viscosity. This element has typically been neglected in research on supercavitational flows, describing and predicting supercavitation bubbles geometry and formation using non-viscous potential flows. Arguing that the viscosity effect is much smaller than [...] Read more.
One of the basic elements which characterizes flow regimes, is viscosity. This element has typically been neglected in research on supercavitational flows, describing and predicting supercavitation bubbles geometry and formation using non-viscous potential flows. Arguing that the viscosity effect is much smaller than the inertial effect at high flow speeds, the viscosity has been ignored and the only parameter for modeling the flow has been the cavitation number. However, for some situations and conditions, the viscosity was found to be significant and crucial for the bubble geometry and formation, especially at the supercavitation bubble detachment point, hence some investigations based on numerical calculations have taken viscosity into account. This paper presents an analytical model of an axisymmetric supercavitation bubble in a viscous flow according to Serebryakov annular model for calculation of axisymmetric cavity flows. Viscosity effect on the bubble geometry is suggested, and an analysis for validation and examination is presented as well. The results show the change of the bubble formation from past models due to the viscosity, and offer a more accurate description of the bubble geometry close to the detachment point. Moreover, the slenderness parameter is calculated and presented for supercavitation bubbles in a viscous flow together with its dependency on Reynolds number and the cavitation number. The analysis reveals that the slenderness parameter increases with increasing both the cavitation number and Reynolds number, where the latter has a substantial effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Verification and Validation Analysis on Marine Applications)
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27 pages, 9192 KiB  
Article
CFD Study on Hydrodynamic Performances of a Planing Hull
by Florin Pacuraru, Andreea Mandru and Adham Bekhit
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(10), 1523; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101523 - 18 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4577
Abstract
The scope of the present study is to investigate the effects of various geometrical hull features, such as tunnels, spray rails and whiskers on the hydrodynamic performance of a high-speed planing hull. The criteria being tested to emphasize the boat performance are the [...] Read more.
The scope of the present study is to investigate the effects of various geometrical hull features, such as tunnels, spray rails and whiskers on the hydrodynamic performance of a high-speed planing hull. The criteria being tested to emphasize the boat performance are the total drag, sinkage and trim angle. In addition, the decomposition of the resistance into viscous and wave-making resistance are taken into consideration. The study starts with a validation test against experimental data in order to accentuate the capability of the Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD simulation to accurately predict the total drag and trim angle of the initial form. This is later followed by a verification study based on the Richardson Extrapolation method with a grid- and time-step-convergence test in order to predict the numerical errors during the simulation. After establishing the simulation parameters regarding the proper grid size and time step, the comparative study takes place for five hull shapes and two whisker configurations while the boat is sailing at eight different speeds. The assessment of the hydrodynamic flow parameters is evaluated compared to the initial form in order to investigate the influence of the geometry change on the hydrodynamic performances of the boat. Validation of the numerical results showed the reliability of the CFD simulation to accurately predict the drag and trim angle of the boat, while the comparative study revealed that the total drag can be reduced by up to 9%, especially at higher speeds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Verification and Validation Analysis on Marine Applications)
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