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Control of Crop Fungal Diseases
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Control of Crop Fungal Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungi in Agriculture and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 January 2024) | Viewed by 6275

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yong Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
Interests: plant pathogen; fungicide; natural products; mode of action; resistance mechanism; disease management
Prof. Dr. Juntao Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
Interests: natural product; antifungal activity; molecular mechanism; resistance mechanism; induced resistance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi pose a serious threat to global crop production. It is particularly important to clarify the pathogenic mechanism of pathogenic fungi and develop effective measures to control plant fungal diseases. We welcome all research papers and reviews on the pathogenesis of fungi and the prevention and management of fungal diseases, including chemical, agricultural, physical, and genetically modified measures. This includes but is not limited to chemical fungicides and natural antifungal products such as plant-, animal-, and microbial-derived substances used for fungal disease management. In addition, this Special Issue also includes research on immune inducers and induced disease resistance mechanisms.

Dr. Yong Wang
Prof. Dr. Juntao Feng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Fungi is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant disease
  • pathogenic fungi
  • infection mechanism
  • immune mechanism
  • disease management
  • crop protection

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2454 KiB  
Article
Development of SCAR Markers for Genetic Authentication of Metarhizium acridum
by Conchita Toriello, Esperanza Duarte-Escalante, María Guadalupe Frías-De-León, Carolina Brunner-Mendoza, Hortensia Navarro-Barranco and María del Rocío Reyes-Montes
J. Fungi 2024, 10(4), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10040269 - 4 Apr 2024
Viewed by 688
Abstract
In this study, molecular typing using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) was conducted on 16 original isolates of Metarhizium acridum obtained from locusts (Schistocerca piceifrons ssp. piceifrons.) in Mexico (MX). The analysis included reference strains of the genus Metarhizium sourced from [...] Read more.
In this study, molecular typing using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) was conducted on 16 original isolates of Metarhizium acridum obtained from locusts (Schistocerca piceifrons ssp. piceifrons.) in Mexico (MX). The analysis included reference strains of the genus Metarhizium sourced from various geographical regions. The isolates were identified by phenotypic (macro and micromorphology) and genotypic methods (RAPD-PCR and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP), through a multidimensional analysis of principal coordinates (PCoA) and a minimum spanning network (MST). Subsequently, Sequences-Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) markers were developed for the molecular detection of M. acridum, these markers were chosen from polymorphic patterns obtained with 14 primers via RAPD-PCR. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization identified the MX isolates as M. acridum. Of all the polymorphic patterns obtained, only OPA04 and OPA05 were chosen, which presented species-specific bands for M. acridum, and further utilized to create SCAR markers through cloning and sequencing of the specific bands. The specificity of these two markers was confirmed via Southern hybridization. The SCAR markers (Ma-160OPA-05 and Ma-151OPA-04) exhibit remarkable sensitivity, detecting down to less than 0.1 ng, as well as high specificity, as evidenced by their inability to cross-amplify or generate amplification with DNAs from other strains of Metarhizium (as Metarhizium anisopliae) or different genera of entomopathogenic fungi (Cordyceps fumosorosea and Akanthomyces lecanii). These SCAR markers yield readily detectable results, showcasing high reproducibility. They serve as a valuable tool, especially in field applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Crop Fungal Diseases)
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12 pages, 1996 KiB  
Article
Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Nigrospora oryzae, a Rice Leaf Disease Fungus
by Qian Zhao, Liyan Zhang and Jianzhong Wu
J. Fungi 2024, 10(2), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10020100 - 26 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1247
Abstract
Nigrospora oryzae is one of several fungal pathogens known to cause brown streaks, leaf spots, and latent infections in rice. In this study, the entire 42.09-Mb genome of N. oryzae was sequenced at a depth of 169× using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform. [...] Read more.
Nigrospora oryzae is one of several fungal pathogens known to cause brown streaks, leaf spots, and latent infections in rice. In this study, the entire 42.09-Mb genome of N. oryzae was sequenced at a depth of 169× using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform. The draft genome sequence was comprised of 26 scaffolds, possessed an average GC content of 58.83%, and contained a total of 10,688 protein-coding genes. Analysis of the complete genome sequence revealed that CAZyme-encoding genes account for 6.11% of all identified genes and that numerous transcription factors (TFs) associated with diverse biological processes belong predominantly to Zn-clus (22.20%) and C2H2 (10.59%) fungal TF classes. In addition, genes encoding 126 transport proteins and 3307 pathogen–host interaction proteins were identified. Comparative analysis of the previously reported N. oryzae reference strain GZL1 genome and the genome of a representative strain ZQ1 obtained here revealed 9722 colinear genes. Collectively, these findings provide valuable insights into N. oryzae genetic mechanisms and phenotypic characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Crop Fungal Diseases)
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16 pages, 2048 KiB  
Article
Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Mix Suppresses Rhizoctonia Disease and Improves Rhizosphere Microbiome, Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
by Vladislava S. Maslennikova, Vera P. Tsvetkova, Evgenia V. Shelikhova, Marina P. Selyuk, Tatyana Y. Alikina, Marsel R. Kabilov and Ivan M. Dubovskiy
J. Fungi 2023, 9(12), 1142; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9121142 - 25 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1757
Abstract
Black scurf and stem canker caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a significant disease problem of potatoes. Currently, chemical methods are the primary means of controlling this pathogen. This study sought to explore an alternative approach by harnessing the biocontrol potential of a bacterial [...] Read more.
Black scurf and stem canker caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a significant disease problem of potatoes. Currently, chemical methods are the primary means of controlling this pathogen. This study sought to explore an alternative approach by harnessing the biocontrol potential of a bacterial mix of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against black scurf, and to determine their effect on rhizosphere microorganisms of soil microbiota. This study showed that these bacteria demonstrate antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani. Reduced damage to potato plants during the growing season in Siberia was observed. The index of disease development decreased from 40.9% to 12.0%. The treatment of tubers with this mix of bacteria also led to a change in the composition of the rhizosphere microbiota (according to CFU, 16S and ITS sequencing). This effect was accompanied by a positive change in plant physiological parameters (spectrophotometric analysis). The concentration of chlorophyll in potatoes with the bacterial mix treatment increased by 1.3 fold (p ≤ 0.001), and of carotenoids by 1.2 fold (p ≤ 0.01) compared with the control. After bacterial mix treatment, the length of the aerial parts of plants was 1.3 fold higher (p ≤ 0.001), and the number of stems 1.4 fold higher (p ≤ 0.05). The yield of potatoes was increased by 8.2 t/ha, while the large tuber fraction was increased by 16% (p ≤ 0.05). The bacteria mix of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens suppressed the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, and simultaneously enhanced the physiological parameters of potato plants. This treatment can be used to enhance the yield/quality of potato tubers under field conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Crop Fungal Diseases)
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16 pages, 5430 KiB  
Article
The Extracellular Lipopeptides and Volatile Organic Compounds of Bacillus subtilis DHA41 Display Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Activity against Soil-Borne Phytopathogenic Fungi
by Dhabyan Mutar Kareem Al-Mutar, Muhammad Noman, Noor Salih Abduljaleel Alzawar, Hadi Hussein Qasim, Dayong Li and Fengming Song
J. Fungi 2023, 9(8), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080797 - 28 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1296
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) is a devastating soil-borne fungus causing Fusarium wilt in watermelon. The present study investigated the biochemical mechanism underlying the antifungal activity exhibited by the antagonistic bacterial strain DHA41, particularly against Fon. Molecular characterization based [...] Read more.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) is a devastating soil-borne fungus causing Fusarium wilt in watermelon. The present study investigated the biochemical mechanism underlying the antifungal activity exhibited by the antagonistic bacterial strain DHA41, particularly against Fon. Molecular characterization based on the 16S rRNA gene confirmed that DHA41 is a strain of Bacillus subtilis, capable of synthesizing antifungal lipopeptides, such as iturins and fengycins, which was further confirmed by detecting corresponding lipopeptide biosynthesis genes, namely ItuB, ItuD, and FenD. The cell-free culture filtrate and extracellular lipopeptide extract of B. subtilis DHA41 demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of Fon, Didymella bryoniae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium graminearum, and Rhizoctonia solani. The lipopeptide extract showed emulsification activity and inhibited Fon mycelial growth by 86.4% at 100 µg/mL. Transmission electron microscope observations confirmed that the lipopeptide extract disrupted Fon cellular integrity. Furthermore, B. subtilis DHA41 emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that exhibited antifungal activity against Fon, D. bryoniae, S. sclerotiorum, and F. graminearum. These findings provide evidence that B. subtilis DHA41 possesses broad-spectrum antifungal activity against different fungi pathogens, including Fon, through the production of extracellular lipopeptides and VOCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Crop Fungal Diseases)
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11 pages, 3813 KiB  
Article
Triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-Conjugated Quinolone Analogs Displayed Significantly Enhanced Fungicidal Activity Superior to Its Parent Molecule
by Jiayao Wang, Xuelian Liu, Fahong Yin, Yanjun Xu, Bin Fu, Jiaqi Li and Zhaohai Qin
J. Fungi 2023, 9(6), 685; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060685 - 19 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 924
Abstract
Although 1-hydroxy-4-quinolone derivatives, such as 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO), aurachin C, and floxacrine, have been reported as effective cytochrome bc1 complex inhibitors, the bioactivity of these products is not ideal, presumably due to their low bioavailability in tissues, particularly their poor solubility and low [...] Read more.
Although 1-hydroxy-4-quinolone derivatives, such as 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO), aurachin C, and floxacrine, have been reported as effective cytochrome bc1 complex inhibitors, the bioactivity of these products is not ideal, presumably due to their low bioavailability in tissues, particularly their poor solubility and low mitochondrial accumulation. In order to overcome the drawbacks of these compounds and develop their use as agricultural fungicides acting by cytochrome bc1 inhibition, in this study, three novel mitochondria-targeting quinolone analogs (mitoQNOs) were designed and synthesized by conjugating triphenylphosphonium (TPP) with quinolone. They exhibited greatly enhanced fungicidal activity compared to the parent molecule, especially mitoQNO11, which showed high antifungal activity against Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with EC50 values of 7.42 and 4.43 μmol/L, respectively. In addition, mitoQNO11 could inhibit the activity of the cytochrome bc1 complex of P. capsici in a dose-dependent manner and effectively depress its respiration and ATP production. The greatly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and massively generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) strongly suggested that the inhibition of complex III led to the leakage of free electrons, which resulted in the damage of the pathogen cell structure. The results of this study indicated that TPP-conjugated QNOs might be used as agricultural fungicides by conjugating them with TPP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Crop Fungal Diseases)
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