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Economic Inequality and Health Equity
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Economic Inequality and Health Equity

A special issue of Journal of Risk and Financial Management (ISSN 1911-8074). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Economics and Finance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 6365

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hossein Zare

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, University of Maryland Global Campus, Adelphi, MD, USA
Interests: health economics; income inequality; inequality in health systems; racial/ethnical disparities; health systems; eliminating disparities and inequalities in societies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In spite of the negative correlation between economic inequalities and health, evidence shows that, globally, we underestimate the true level of inequality or may not be completely aware of its impact on health; therefore, it is increasingly important that we bring it to the attention of policymakers.

The concavity effect of inequality plays a major role on equity—in this approach, transferring an additional dollar from rich to poor improves the health status of poor communities more than that of the rich communities.

There is a lack of knowledge on how health might affect economic inequality and how economic inequality might affect health. Angus Deaton—The Nobel Prize Economist—greatly discussed the impact of economic inequality on health at the macro level; however, still there is a huge gap of knowledge, prompting the following questions: How might economic inequality affect health at the microlevel and health outcomes/utilization? How might improving economic inequality affect health equity? How might health equity affect health utilization and economic growth? These are some conceptual questions that need more work with real empirical data.  Some of the main areas to be covered in this issue include:

  • Economic inequality, poverty and social exclusion;
  • Economic equity and health equity;
  • Economic inequality and international migration;
  • Economic inequality, racism and social justice;
  • Economic inequality and health utilization;
  • Economic inequality and gender inequality.

Dr. Hossein Zare
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Risk and Financial Management is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Economic inequality
  • Economic equity
  • Gender inequality
  • Poverty
  • Health equity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2726 KiB  
Article
Health Services and Patient Satisfaction in IRAN during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Methodology Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Artificial Neural Network
by Seyed Mohammad Khansari, Farzin Arbabi, Mir Hadi Moazen Jamshidi, Maryam Soleimani and Pejman Ebrahimi
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2022, 15(7), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15070288 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2973
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify and classify the most important factors affecting patient satisfaction in the COVID-19 pandemic crisis considering economic effects. This is an analytical study using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and ANN-MLP (Artificial neural network based [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to identify and classify the most important factors affecting patient satisfaction in the COVID-19 pandemic crisis considering economic effects. This is an analytical study using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and ANN-MLP (Artificial neural network based on multilayer perceptron model as a supervised learning algorithm) as an innovative methodology. The questionnaire was completed by 72 healthcare experts (N = 72). The inter-class correlation (ICC) coefficient value was confirmed in terms of consistency to determine sampling reliability. The findings show that interpersonal care and organizational characteristics have the greatest and least influence, respectively. Furthermore, the observations confirm that the highest and lowest effective sub-criteria, respectively, are patient safety climate and accessibility. Based on the study’s objective and general context, it can be claimed that private hospitals outperformed public hospitals in terms of patient satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on performance sensitivity analysis shows that, among the proposed criteria to achieve the study objective, the physical environment criterion had the highest difference in private and public hospitals, followed by the interpersonal care criterion. Furthermore, we used a multilayer perceptron algorithm to assess the accuracy of the model and distinguish private and public hospitals as a novelty approach. Overfitting results in finding an MLP model which is reliable, and the accuracy of the model is acceptable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Economic Inequality and Health Equity)
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11 pages, 254 KiB  
Article
Labour Migration of Parents and Threats to Children and Youth
by Artur Kraus and Natalia Wojtas
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2021, 14(8), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14080377 - 16 Aug 2021
Viewed by 2740
Abstract
Labour migration is a global trend that shapes communities and economies around the world. Growing economic migration carries a specific threat to children and youth. Long-term consequences threaten life outcomes such as educational achievement, career development, mental and physical health. The study examined [...] Read more.
Labour migration is a global trend that shapes communities and economies around the world. Growing economic migration carries a specific threat to children and youth. Long-term consequences threaten life outcomes such as educational achievement, career development, mental and physical health. The study examined the problems of children from migrating families in educational institutions. It was also important to determine what assistance is provided to children from migrant families and what institutions support such families. The respondents were class tutors/educators who were teachers of educational institutions: 2317 respondents took part in the study, including 2044 women and 273 men. Significant differentiation of the respondents according to gender is mainly due to the feminization of the teaching profession in Poland. The results of the survey were analyzed with the chi-square test of independence. As a result of the research, threats to children and adolescents resulting from the economic migration of parents were diagnosed. In secondary schools, a decrease in attendance is observed (unexcused absences, truancy, being late). In lower secondary schools there are problems with school results and a decrease in motivation to learn. Educational institutions find it difficult to stay in contact with parents. In the youngest children (kindergartens, primary schools), emotional instability is observed due to the absence of parents in everyday contact. Educational institutions respond to diagnosed problems by providing support to students. In primary schools, students are provided with help in learning and students’ free time is organized. There are also activities aimed at providing additional nutrition. In lower secondary schools, as in secondary schools, support focuses more on motivational interviewing, mediation in conflict situations and psychological assistance. In order to solve problems and help students, educational institutions cooperate with the Psychological and Pedagogical Counselling Centre, the Social Welfare Centre and the Probation Officer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Economic Inequality and Health Equity)
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