Journal Description
Journal of Vascular Diseases
Journal of Vascular Diseases
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all aspects of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases, published quarterly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 25 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 41.3 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.
- JVD is a companion journal of Journal of Clinical Medicine.
subject
Imprint Information
Open Access
ISSN: 2813-2475
Latest Articles
Perivascular Adipose Tissue Density and Stenosis Plaque Degree in Lower Limb Peripheral Arteries in CT
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(2), 224-234; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3020018 - 11 Jun 2024
Abstract
Background: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) attenuation has emerged as a novel biomarker for identifying high-risk arterial plaques due to its association with inflammation. Recognizing the systemic nature of atherosclerosis and its link with major cardiovascular events in coronary disease, this study evaluated PVAT
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Background: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) attenuation has emerged as a novel biomarker for identifying high-risk arterial plaques due to its association with inflammation. Recognizing the systemic nature of atherosclerosis and its link with major cardiovascular events in coronary disease, this study evaluated PVAT attenuation in the peripheral arteries using CT imaging to expand the understanding of its diagnostic and prognostic potential. Methods: a retrospective analysis of 53 consecutive patients who underwent CT angiography, examining PVAT density across five primary peripheral arterial segments. A 5 mm region of interest adjacent to the vascular wall was analyzed by two blinded readers, with reproducibility coefficients calculated to determine the reliability of the measurements. For the statistical analyses, mean values were derived from these measurements. The patients were stratified into four groups based on the degree of arterial stenosis: <25%, 25–50%, 50–70%, and >70%. PVAT density comparisons between these groups were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and the pairwise Mann–Whitney U test with Holm–Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results: the Kruskal–Wallis test revealed statistically significant disparities in PVAT density across the categorically differentiated stenosis groups (p < 0.001), indicating an association between PVAT density and arterial stenosis severity. This association was especially pronounced in the external iliac, common femoral, superficial femoral, and popliteal arteries, where the p-values were consistently below 0.05. Subsequent pairwise analyses utilizing the Mann–Whitney U test with Holm–Bonferroni correction affirmed these findings, in particular for the external iliac, common femoral, superficial femoral and popliteal arteries (p < 0.05). Conclusions: our findings reinforce the correlation between increased PVAT density and the degree of arterial stenosis, supporting the clinical value of PVAT as a non-invasive biomarker for cardiovascular risk stratification and potentially guiding therapeutic interventions.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Diagnosis, Management, and Prognostic Assessment of Chronic Disease)
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Retrospective Correlation of the Circulation Time of Test Bolus Injections in MR Angiography and Cardiac Function
by
David F. Möller, Borut Mohorko, Theresia E. Aschauer, Tobias Schwager and Manuela A. Aschauer
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(2), 212-223; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3020017 - 10 Jun 2024
Abstract
This retrospective study examines 248 test bolus examinations preceding contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) to extract clinically relevant data for critical limb ischemia (CLI) management. The method involved a retrospective review of test bolus exams, analysing 60 graphs for time to peak (TTP),
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This retrospective study examines 248 test bolus examinations preceding contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) to extract clinically relevant data for critical limb ischemia (CLI) management. The method involved a retrospective review of test bolus exams, analysing 60 graphs for time to peak (TTP), full-width half-maximum (FWHM) time, and time to continual rise in signal intensity. These values were correlated with heart function parameters (ejection fraction, ASA classification, Lee index, and MET score). The results indicate a mean TTP of 31.2 ± 7.3 s, showing a correlation between the ejection fraction and ASA classification. Patients with atrial fibrillation exhibited prolonged TTP compared to those without. Despite population heterogeneity, these findings facilitate risk stratification for limb-saving interventions in CLI. TTP emerges as a potential clinical cardiovascular parameter and a risk factor for vascular interventions. Given the variation in injection protocols across centres, this study underscores the importance of precise bolus arrival time documentation for future multicentre studies.
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(This article belongs to the Section Peripheral Vascular Diseases)
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Open AccessReview
The Role of Amino Acid Glycine on Cardiovascular Health and Its Beneficial Effects: A Narrative Review
by
Gabriela Elizabeth Quintanilla-Villanueva, Melissa Marlene Rodríguez-Delgado, Juan Francisco Villarreal-Chiu, Edgar Allan Blanco-Gámez and Donato Luna-Moreno
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(2), 201-211; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3020016 - 6 Jun 2024
Abstract
Glycine, a simple amino acid, is not only essential due to its potential insufficiency in vivo, but also has significant metabolic functions. It serves as a crucial building block for proteins. At the same time, as a bioactive molecule, it regulates gene expression
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Glycine, a simple amino acid, is not only essential due to its potential insufficiency in vivo, but also has significant metabolic functions. It serves as a crucial building block for proteins. At the same time, as a bioactive molecule, it regulates gene expression for cytoprotection, protein configuration and activity, and other critical biological processes, including glutathione synthesis. The intriguing, beneficial effects of glycine in medical applications have piqued the research community’s interest in recent decades. This work delves into the compelling discoveries about the pivotal role of glycine in cardiovascular health and its intricate mechanisms of action for alleviating several medical conditions. Glycine’s broad spectrum of impact spans numerous diseases, encompassing not only acute myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, and cardiac hypertrophy, but also transplant rejections of aortic allografts, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of its medical applications.
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(This article belongs to the Section Cardiovascular Diseases)
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Open AccessReview
The Intersection of HIV and Pulmonary Vascular Health: From HIV Evolution to Vascular Cell Types to Disease Mechanisms
by
Amanda K. Garcia and Sharilyn Almodovar
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(2), 174-200; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3020015 - 6 May 2024
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) face a growing burden of chronic diseases, owing to the combinations of aging, environmental triggers, lifestyle choices, and virus-induced chronic inflammation. The rising incidence of pulmonary vascular diseases represents a major concern for PLWH. The study of HIV-associated
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People living with HIV (PLWH) face a growing burden of chronic diseases, owing to the combinations of aging, environmental triggers, lifestyle choices, and virus-induced chronic inflammation. The rising incidence of pulmonary vascular diseases represents a major concern for PLWH. The study of HIV-associated pulmonary vascular complications ideally requires a strong understanding of pulmonary vascular cell biology and HIV pathogenesis at the molecular level for effective applications in infectious diseases and vascular medicine. Active HIV infection and/or HIV proteins disturb the delicate balance between vascular tone and constriction, which is pivotal for maintaining pulmonary vascular health. One of the defining features of HIV is its high genetic diversity owing to several factors including its high mutation rate, recombination between viral strains, immune selective pressures, or even geographical factors. The intrinsic HIV genetic diversity has several important implications for pathogenic outcomes of infection and the overall battle to combat HIV. Challenges in the field present themselves from two sides of the same coin: those imposed by the virus itself and those stemming from the host. The field may be advanced by further developing in vivo and in vitro models that are well described for both pulmonary vascular diseases and HIV for mechanistic studies. In essence, the study of HIV-associated pulmonary vascular complications requires a multidisciplinary approach, drawing upon insights from both infectious diseases and vascular medicine. In this review article, we discuss the fundamentals of HIV virology and their impact on pulmonary disease, aiming to enhance the understanding of either area or both simultaneously. Bridging the gap between preclinical research findings and clinical practice is essential for improving patient care. Addressing these knowledge gaps requires interdisciplinary collaborations, innovative research approaches, and dedicated efforts to prioritize HIV-related pulmonary complications on the global research agenda.
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(This article belongs to the Section Cardiovascular Diseases)
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Open AccessArticle
A Noninvasive Arterial Stiffness Index to Estimate the Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography
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Kotaro Uchida, Lin Chen, Shintaro Minegishi, Takuya Sugawara, Rie Sasaki-Nakashima, Kentaro Arakawa, Hiroshi Doi, Tabito Kino, Naoki Tada, Sho Tarumi, Noriyuki Kawaura, Kouichi Tamura, Kiyoshi Hibi and Tomoaki Ishigami
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(2), 161-173; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3020014 - 5 May 2024
Abstract
The early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of subclinical atherosclerosis before the onset of life-threatening cardiovascular (CV) diseases are major unmet medical needs in current clinical practice. Noninvasive arterial stiffness indices, the arterial velocity–pulse index (AVI) and the arterial pressure–volume index (API) have been
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The early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of subclinical atherosclerosis before the onset of life-threatening cardiovascular (CV) diseases are major unmet medical needs in current clinical practice. Noninvasive arterial stiffness indices, the arterial velocity–pulse index (AVI) and the arterial pressure–volume index (API) have been associated with CV risks, conventional arterial stiffness indices, and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. However, few studies have examined the relationship between these indices and the occurrence of CV events. We measured the AVI and API in 113 consecutive patients admitted to Yokohama City University Hospital for cardiac catheterization between June 2015 and March 2016. Patients were followed until September 2022, and the occurrence of CV events was assessed. The mean age was 71.2 ± 10.7 years, and 83 patients (73.5%) were male. In total, 80 patients (70.8%) had hypertension, 87 (77.0%) had dyslipidemia, and 91 (80.5%) had a history of ischemic heart disease (IHD). The mean follow-up duration was 1752 ± 819 days. Patients who received elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) based on the results of coronary angiography (CAG) at the time of enrollment had significantly higher API than those who did not (38.5 ± 12.6, n = 17 vs. 31.3 ± 7.4, n = 96, p = 0.001). The API was independently associated with the risk of elective PCI in multiple logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, the API could be a useful indicator for estimating the need for coronary interventional treatment in patients with a high CV risk.
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(This article belongs to the Section Cardiovascular Diseases)
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Open AccessCase Report
Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Angioma Serpiginosum Plantaris: High-Resolution Dermoscopy, High-Frequency Ultrasound, and Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography
by
Linda Tognetti, Francesca La Marca, Elisa Cinotti and Pietro Rubegni
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(2), 152-160; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3020013 - 5 May 2024
Abstract
We present a comprehensive study of acral serpiginous hemangioma, a rare vascular pathology. This distinctive manifestation was examined for the first time using high-resolution video dermoscopy (HRVD), high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS), and line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT). The combined application of these techniques
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We present a comprehensive study of acral serpiginous hemangioma, a rare vascular pathology. This distinctive manifestation was examined for the first time using high-resolution video dermoscopy (HRVD), high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS), and line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT). The combined application of these techniques provides new and detailed morphological features able to determine the in vivo structure of lesional skin. This innovative non-invasive approach emphasizes the importance of incorporating advanced diagnostic tools able to provide a virtual histology in order to avoid unnecessary biopsies in benign lesions, often causing pain and functional/aesthetic discomfort.
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(This article belongs to the Section Peripheral Vascular Diseases)
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Open AccessReview
The Comorbidity and Associations between Depression, Cognitive Impairment, and Sleep after Stroke and How They Affect Outcomes: A Scoping Review of the Literature
by
Lai Gwen Chan
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(2), 134-151; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3020012 - 1 Apr 2024
Abstract
Objectives: post-stroke depression (PSD), cognitive impairment, and sleep disturbances are the most common post-stroke conditions. To aid clinical practice for a highly confounded clinical problem, a clearer understanding of the associations between comorbid PSD, post-stroke cognitive impairment, and sleep disturbances is necessary. Materials
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Objectives: post-stroke depression (PSD), cognitive impairment, and sleep disturbances are the most common post-stroke conditions. To aid clinical practice for a highly confounded clinical problem, a clearer understanding of the associations between comorbid PSD, post-stroke cognitive impairment, and sleep disturbances is necessary. Materials and Methods: a scoping review of the literature was conducted according to the recommended guidelines using the search term [“stroke (mesh term) AND depression (in the abstract) AND cognitive (in the abstract) AND sleep (in the abstract)”]. Results: 10 studies met the criteria for inclusion. Only one study reported a co-occurrence of post-stroke emotional distress and sleep disturbances at a rate of 10.7%. Poor sleep and cognitive impairment are independent risk factors for PSD. The relationship between post-stroke poor sleep and cognitive impairment is ambiguous. None of the studies examined how PSD, cognitive impairment, and sleep disturbances interact to influence stroke outcomes. Conclusions: the dearth of studies indicates either a lack of awareness of the potential relationship between the three outcomes and the possible range of inter-related non-motor outcomes after stroke or the practical challenges in designing appropriate studies. The included studies had methodological weaknesses in their observational design and use of imprecise, subjective outcome measurements. Important knowledge gaps are identified for future research.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurologic Injury and Neurodegeneration)
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Open AccessArticle
Early Results of the Sandwich Technique Using Cyanoacrylate Glue and Polidocanol Foam Sclerotherapy for the Treatment of Varicose Veins
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Marian Simka and Marcin Skuła
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(2), 127-133; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3020011 - 1 Apr 2024
Abstract
Background: This is a retrospective analysis of the results of treatment for varicose veins using the sandwich technique with cyanoacrylate glue and foam sclerotherapy. This novel method allows for a substantial reduction in the amount of glue needed for vein closure, and
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Background: This is a retrospective analysis of the results of treatment for varicose veins using the sandwich technique with cyanoacrylate glue and foam sclerotherapy. This novel method allows for a substantial reduction in the amount of glue needed for vein closure, and minimizes the risk of granuloma formation and allergic reaction related to the epifascial administration of cyanoacrylate. Methods: This technique was used in 60 patients, 77 intrafascial veins were managed. Vein closures were performed with Venex cyanoacrylate glue and 1–3% polidocanol foam. All procedures were performed under ultrasonographic control, through direct percutaneous punctures of target veins. Follow-ups were scheduled 1–3 weeks after the procedure. If revealed, unclosed segments of the target veins were obliterated at these follow-up visits, with glue and/or sclerotherapy. Results: There were no serious adverse events intra- or postprocedurally. The technical success rate was 100%. The primary success rate at 1–3 weeks follow-up was 84.4%. The primary assisted success rate, after additional closures, was 100%. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the treatment for varicose veins, using a sandwich technique, which combines cyanoacrylate glue and foam sclerotherapy, can be safe and efficient.
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(This article belongs to the Section Peripheral Vascular Diseases)
Open AccessArticle
Bilateral Carotid Calcification Correlates with Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism: Insights from PET/CT Imaging of Patients with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
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Eric M. Teichner, Robert C. Subtirelu, Shiv Patil, Omar Al-Daoud, Chitra Parikh, Linh Nguyen, Jordan Atary, Andrew Newberg, Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen and Abass Alavi
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(2), 112-126; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3020010 - 1 Apr 2024
Cited by 1
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of illness and death globally, primarily due to atherosclerosis. This disease reduces blood flow and oxygen delivery to organs, and when it affects the carotid arteries, it can lead to cognitive impairment and dementia. In a
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Background: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of illness and death globally, primarily due to atherosclerosis. This disease reduces blood flow and oxygen delivery to organs, and when it affects the carotid arteries, it can lead to cognitive impairment and dementia. In a population of 104 individuals, comprising both healthy controls and individuals at elevated risk for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to identified risk factors, we used PET imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to assess cerebral glucose metabolism and 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) to detect atherosclerotic calcification. Our statistical analysis revealed significant differences in metabolic activity between healthy and at-risk individuals in specific brain regions. 18F-FDG uptake in the brain varied inversely with respect to the clinical assessment of cardiovascular risk in regions such as the cuneus (β = −0.030, SE = 0.014, p = 0.035), middle occipital gyrus (β = −0.032, SE = 0.011, p = 0.005), and posterior cingulate gyrus (β = −0.032, SE = 0.015, p = 0.044). In contrast, areas including the basis pontis (β = 0.025, SE = 0.012, p = 0.038) and the pons (β = 0.034, SE = 0.013, p = 0.008) exhibited direct correlations. Notably, carotid 18F-NaF uptake had inverse associations with 18F-FDG uptake in the cerebellum (β = −0.825, SE = 0.354, p = 0.021), medulla (β = −0.888, SE = 0.405, p = 0.029), and posterior cingulate gyrus (β = −1.253, SE = 0.567, p = 0.028), while increased carotid calcification influenced metabolic activity in the fusiform gyrus (β = 1.660, SE = 0.498, p = 0.001) and globus pallidus (β = 1.505, SE = 0.571, p = 0.009). We observed that atherosclerotic plaque accumulation, especially in the carotid arteries, has potential implications for metabolic changes in brain regions governing cognition, emotion, sensory perception, and motor activities. Our findings underscore the possible early interventions that can be used to preempt or delay cognitive deterioration linked with cardiovascular ailments.
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(This article belongs to the Section Cardiovascular Diseases)
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Open AccessArticle
Guanylyl Cyclase Activator Improves Endothelial Function by Decreasing Superoxide Anion Concentration
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Ariane M. Martinelli, Luis Henrique O. de Moraes, Thiago F. de Moraes and Gerson J. Rodrigues
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(1), 102-111; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3010009 - 4 Mar 2024
Abstract
Introduction: Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activation in vascular smooth muscle has the potential to induce vasodilation. Chronic sGC activation enhanced vascular function in the congestive heart failure animal model. Therefore, sGC activation can lead to vasodilation and improvement in endothelial function. Objective: To
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Introduction: Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activation in vascular smooth muscle has the potential to induce vasodilation. Chronic sGC activation enhanced vascular function in the congestive heart failure animal model. Therefore, sGC activation can lead to vasodilation and improvement in endothelial function. Objective: To investigate whether the selective sGC activator can revert the endothelial dysfunction and investigate the mechanism of action. Methods: Wistar rats were split into two groups: normotensive (2K) and hypertensive rats (2K-1C). Intact aortic rings were placed in a myograph and incubated with 0.1 µM ataciguat for 30 min. Cumulative concentration-effect curves were generated for acetylcholine (Ach) to assess endothelial function. The pD2 and maximum relaxant effect (Emax) were measured to Ach. In endothelial cell culture, superoxide anion (O2•−) was detected by using fluorescent probes, including DHE and lucigenin. Results: Ataciguat improved the relaxation induced by acetylcholine in 2K-1C (pD2: 6.99 ± 0.08, n = 6) compared to the control (pD2: 6.43 ± 0.07, n = 6, p < 0.05). The aortic rings were also improved from 2K (pD2: 7.04 ± 0.13, n = 6) compared to the control (pD2: 6.59 ± 0.07, n = 6, p < 0.05). Moreover, Emax was improved by ataciguat treatment in the 2K-1C aorta (Emax: 81.0 ± 1.0; n = 6), and 2K aorta (Emax: 92.98 ± 1.83; n = 6), compared to the control (Emax 2K-1C: 52.14 ± 2.16, n = 6; and Emax 2K: 76.07 ± 4.35, n = 6, p < 0.05). In endothelial cell culture, treatment with ataciguat (0.1, 1, and 10 µM) resulted in a reduction of the superoxide anion formation induced by angiotensin II. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that ataciguat effectively enhanced endothelial function through the inactivation of superoxide anions.
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(This article belongs to the Section Peripheral Vascular Diseases)
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Open AccessReview
Aortic Elasticity and Cardiovascular Risk Stratification: A Narrative Review on the Current Understanding
by
Niya Mileva, Tsvetelina Velikova, Toni Velikov and Dobrin Vassilev
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(1), 88-101; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3010008 - 1 Mar 2024
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk stratification is a cornerstone of preventive cardiology, aiming to identify individuals at a higher risk for adverse events. In line with this, aortic elastic properties have gained recognition as crucial indicators of vascular health and predictors of cardiovascular outcomes. This narrative
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Cardiovascular risk stratification is a cornerstone of preventive cardiology, aiming to identify individuals at a higher risk for adverse events. In line with this, aortic elastic properties have gained recognition as crucial indicators of vascular health and predictors of cardiovascular outcomes. This narrative review delves into the significance of aortic stiffness, compliance, and distensibility in risk assessment, shedding light on their associations with cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding aortic elastic properties and their role in cardiovascular risk stratification. The exploration of potential mechanisms and clinical implications outlines the need for further research to establish precise links between aortic elasticity and cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, the integration of advanced imaging, genetic factors, and personalized medicine is suggested to refine risk assessment strategies and enhance patient care. Ultimately, this review underscores the importance of aortic elastic properties in cardiovascular risk prediction, opening avenues for future research and clinical application.
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(This article belongs to the Section Cardiovascular Diseases)
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Open AccessOpinion
Enhancing the Management of Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease by Integrating Functional Evaluation to Mitigate the Burden of Vaso-Occlusive Crises
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Paul Muteb Boma, Alain Ali Kaponda, Jules Panda and Bruno Bonnechère
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(1), 77-87; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3010007 - 1 Mar 2024
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) imposes a significant health burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where healthcare professionals and resources are scarce. This opinion paper delves into the management strategies employed for vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) in pediatric patients with SCD, advocating for the
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Sickle cell disease (SCD) imposes a significant health burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where healthcare professionals and resources are scarce. This opinion paper delves into the management strategies employed for vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) in pediatric patients with SCD, advocating for the adoption of a transformative strategy. We explore the integration of functional assessment approaches into existing procedures, highlighting the potential of technology-assisted rehabilitation, including wearable sensors and digital biomarkers, to enhance the effectiveness of managing and preventing VOCs. Rehabilomics, as a comprehensive framework, merges rehabilitation-related data with biomarkers, providing a basis for personalized therapeutic interventions. Despite the promising advantages of these approaches, persistent obstacles such as the limited availability of rehabilitation programs, especially in resource-limited settings, pose challenges. This paper underscores the importance of a collaborative strategy to effectively address the unique obstacles faced by patients with SCD. This collaborative approach involves improving accessibility to rehabilitation services, incorporating technology-supported therapy, and fostering focused research endeavors. The primary objective of this comprehensive approach is to enhance the overall care of SCD patients, with a specific focus on preventing VOCs, as well as providing tailored (neuro)rehabilitation services in resource-limited settings. By examining the current state of SCD management and proposing transformative strategies, this opinion paper seeks to inspire collective action and collaboration to improve outcomes for pediatric SCD patients globally.
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(This article belongs to the Section Peripheral Vascular Diseases)
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Open AccessArticle
Small Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy Lesions as Biomarker of Vascular Morbidity: Natural Course
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Dmitrii S. Maltsev, Alexei N. Kulikov, Maria A. Burnasheva, Yana A. Kalinicheva and Alexander S. Vasiliev
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(1), 67-76; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3010006 - 1 Feb 2024
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the incidence rate of small paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) lesions in healthy fellow eyes of patients with retinal vein occlusions (RVO). Methods: Patients with unilateral branch RVO or central RVO who were followed up for at least one year
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Background: To evaluate the incidence rate of small paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) lesions in healthy fellow eyes of patients with retinal vein occlusions (RVO). Methods: Patients with unilateral branch RVO or central RVO who were followed up for at least one year were included. Fellow healthy eyes were examined with 6 mm optical coherence tomography angiography scans at baseline and at the end of the follow-up. Small resolved PAMM lesions were displayed using structural en face projections of the slab between two segmentation lines of the outer plexiform layer with 0 µm and −9 µm offset. New lesions were identified by overlaying baseline and final structural en face projections. Results: A total of 41 eyes of 41 patients (12 females and 29 males, mean age 63.5 ± 10.1 years) were included. The mean follow-up was 23.6 ± 11.4 months. Among all RVO patients, small resolved PAMM lesions in healthy fellow eyes were found in 39 patients (95.1%). In the whole cohort, the median number of PAMM lesions was 5.5 (95% CI 3.0 to 8.0) (mean 6.5 ± 5.7) at baseline, which increased statistically significantly to 5.5 (95% CI 3.8 to 8.2) (mean 6.7 ± 5.7) at the end of the follow-up period (p = 0.03). Eight (19.5%) patients demonstrated new lesions, with a median number of new lesions of 1 (ranged 1 to 2). Conclusions: Small PAMM lesions seem to be a slowly progressing retinal vascular biomarker.
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(This article belongs to the Section Peripheral Vascular Diseases)
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Open AccessBrief Report
Perceived Parental Style Is Better in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease than Healthy Controls—But There Is Work Left to Do in Specific Subgroups
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Leon Brudy, Julia Hock, Laura Willinger, Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz, Alfred Hager, Peter Ewert and Jan Müller
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(1), 58-66; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3010005 - 1 Feb 2024
Abstract
Objective: To compare perceived parental style in a large cohort of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) to healthy reference (RCs). Furthermore, factors associated with perceived parental style were determined in ACHD. Patients and Methods: From September 2016 to April 2019, 912 ACHD
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Objective: To compare perceived parental style in a large cohort of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) to healthy reference (RCs). Furthermore, factors associated with perceived parental style were determined in ACHD. Patients and Methods: From September 2016 to April 2019, 912 ACHD (34.9 ± 10.4 years, 45% female) and 175 RCs (35.8 ± 12.2 years, 53% female) completed the Measure of Parental Style (MOPS) questionnaire. Results: After adjusting for age and sex, ACHD recalled the parental style of both their parents to be significantly less indifferent (mother: ACHD: 1.2 ± 0.01 vs. RC: 1.3 ± 0.03, p < 0.001; father: ACHD: 1.3 ± 0.02 vs. RC: 1.7 ± 0.05, p < 0.001), overcontrolling (mother: ACHD: 1.6 ± 0.63 vs. RC: 1.9 ± 0.62, p < 0.001; father: ACHD: 1.4 ± 0.52 vs. RC: 1.5 ± 0.50, p < 0.001), and abusive (mother: ACHD: 1.2 ± 0.47 vs. RC: 1.4 ± 0.46, p < 0.001; father: ACHD: 1.3 ± 0.59 vs. RC: 1.5 ± 0.57, p < 0.001) than healthy controls did. In ACHD, female sex (β = 0.068, p = 0.017), higher age (β = 0.005, p = 0.003), Ebstein anomaly (β = 0.170, p = 0.005), and cyanotic CHD (β = 0.336, p = 0.004) contribute to perceiving the parental style of at least one of the parents negatively. Conclusions: While ACHD appear to recall the parental style to be less negative, subgroup analysis revealed specific patients at risk. These findings point to the need for interventions in specific subgroups susceptible to psychological distress.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Diagnosis, Management, and Prognostic Assessment of Chronic Disease)
Open AccessArticle
Efficacy of High-Dose Diosmin Therapy in Chronic Venous Disease Treated with Endovenous Ablation: A Quality-of-Life Analysis
by
Antonia Rinaldi, Rita Zeno, Antonio Peluso, Luca del Guercio, Maurizio Sodo, Davide Turchino, Ruggero Iandoli, Davide Costa, Raffaele Serra and Umberto Marcello Bracale
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(1), 49-57; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3010004 - 1 Feb 2024
Abstract
Background. Vasoactive drugs are considered an important therapeutic tool in managing phlebolymphologic disease. The current study was performed to evaluate the results of a high-dose diosmin-based combination (Venoplant 2g) in symptomatic patients with chronic venous disease (CVD), treated with endovascular venous surgery, regarding
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Background. Vasoactive drugs are considered an important therapeutic tool in managing phlebolymphologic disease. The current study was performed to evaluate the results of a high-dose diosmin-based combination (Venoplant 2g) in symptomatic patients with chronic venous disease (CVD), treated with endovascular venous surgery, regarding the efficacy of this treatment and the clinical signs and patients’ compliance. Methods: We identified, between April 2022 and March 2023, 50 patients with symptomatic CVD who underwent endovenous ablation and additionally were administered high-dose micronized diosmin. Parameters analyzed in the pre- and post-operative period were the venous clinical severity score (VCSS), the calf circumference, and a VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaire. Treatment efficacy was assessed in post-operative follow-ups at 1 month and 2 months. Results: Quality-of-life analysis showed a significant improvement between t1 and t2 in both tests administered (VEINES-QOL/Sym: 55.2 ± 2.9, 39.2 ± 12.3, p: 0.001) (VCSS: 6.6 ± 1, 5.1 ± 0.7, p: 0.001). At the secondary endpoint, the results maintained the same improvement trend. Calf circumference was significantly reduced between t1 and t3 (41.7 ± 5.1, 38.3 ± 3.4, p: 0.001). Conclusion: High-dose diosmin, combined with sweet clover 320 mg, Centella asiatica 40 mg, and Vitamin C 200 mg, in patients treated with endovenous ablation, can be significantly effective in terms of clinical results in treating superficial venous disease. A patient’s calf circumference was also found to have decreased considerably during follow-up. No adverse effects have been recorded to date.
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(This article belongs to the Section Peripheral Vascular Diseases)
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When Vessels and Sarcomas Combine: A Review of the Inferior Vena Cava Leiomyosarcoma
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João Martins Gama, Rui Almeida, Rui Caetano Oliveira and José Casanova
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(1), 34-48; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3010003 - 8 Jan 2024
Abstract
Leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) are malignant neoplasms of soft muscle differentiation that can be classified into five distinct groups according to site-related origin: intra-abdominal, subcutaneous or deep soft tissue of the limbs, cutaneous, external genitalia, and vascular. This distinction reflects different biological behaviors as well
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Leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) are malignant neoplasms of soft muscle differentiation that can be classified into five distinct groups according to site-related origin: intra-abdominal, subcutaneous or deep soft tissue of the limbs, cutaneous, external genitalia, and vascular. This distinction reflects different biological behaviors as well as molecular changes, thus reflecting different prognoses and therapeutic options. Vascular LMSs are the least frequent, arising from the walls of the blood vessels, most commonly from the inferior vena cava. Due to its deep location, symptoms are non-specific, and the disease presents at an advanced stage, sometimes with metastases. Surgery is the treatment of choice, associated with chemo- and radiotherapy. Due to its rarity, most departments have minimal experience handling this disease. This article reviews the current knowledge on vascular leiomyosarcomas, particularly the inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma.
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(This article belongs to the Section Peripheral Vascular Diseases)
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Evaluation of the Molecular Mechanism of Chlorogenic Acid in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Based on Analysis Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
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Jovito Cesar Santos-Álvarez, Juan Manuel Velázquez-Enríquez and Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(1), 11-33; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3010002 - 5 Jan 2024
Cited by 1
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious disease characterized by increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which can lead to heart failure and death. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural compound present in several foods and medicinal plants and has been described
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Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious disease characterized by increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which can lead to heart failure and death. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural compound present in several foods and medicinal plants and has been described to exert a therapeutic effect in various diseases. However, its potential therapeutic effect on PAH remains undeciphered. In this study, the potential of CGA for the treatment of PAH was investigated using network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking. Methods: Potential CGA targets were obtained from the SwissTargetPrediction and GeneCards databases. Moreover, potential PAH targets were collected from the GeneCards and DisGNET databases. Then, common targets were selected, and a protein-protein network (PPI) was constructed between common CGA and PAH targets using the STRING database. The common hub targets were selected, and GO enrichment analysis was performed via KEGG using the DAVID 6.8 database. Additionally, molecular docking analysis was performed to investigate the interaction between CGA and these potential therapeutic targets. Results: We obtained 168 potential targets for CGA and 5779 potential targets associated with PAH. Among them, 133 were common to both CGA and PAH. The main hub targets identified through PPI network analysis were TP53, HIF1A, CASP3, IL1B, JUN, MMP9, CCL2, VEGFA, SRC, IKBKB, MMP2, CASP8, NOS3, MMP1, and CASP1. KEGG pathway analysis showed that these hub targets are associated with pathways such as lipid and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and the IL-17 signaling pathway. In addition, the molecular docking results showed a high binding affinity between CGA and the 15 hub PAH-associated targets, further supporting its therapeutic potential. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence on the underlying molecular mechanism of CGA in the treatment of PAH. The findings suggest that CGA could be a promising option for the development of new PAH drugs.
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(This article belongs to the Section Cardiovascular Diseases)
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Factors Associated with the Evolution of Superficial Vein Thrombosis and Its Impact on the Quality of Life: Results from a Prospective, Unicentric Study
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Blanca Ros Gómez, Javier Gómez-López, Manuel Quintana-Díaz, Sheila Victoria Calvo Sevilla, Pablo Rodríguez-Fuertes, Fabian Tejeda-Jurado, Paula Berrocal-Espinosa, Juan Francisco Martínez-Ballester, Sonia Rodríguez-Roca, María Angélica Rivera Núñez, Ana M. Martínez Virto, Alberto Martín-Vega, Carmen Fernández-Capitán, Giorgina Salgueiro-Origlia, Raquel Marín-Baselga, Alicia Lorenzo Hernández, Teresa Sancho Bueso, Ramón Puchades Rincón de Arellano, Belén Gutiérrez-Sancerni, Alejandro Díez-Vidal, Sergio Carrasco-Molina and Yale Tung-Chenadd
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J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3(1), 1-10; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3010001 - 2 Jan 2024
Abstract
Background: Superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) is a common clinical condition caused by inflammation and the presence of a thrombus inside a superficial vein. It has traditionally been considered a benign and banal disorder, although it can progress or can be associated with thromboembolic
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Background: Superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) is a common clinical condition caused by inflammation and the presence of a thrombus inside a superficial vein. It has traditionally been considered a benign and banal disorder, although it can progress or can be associated with thromboembolic disease of deep territories in up to 20%, asymptomatic or symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE), especially if it affects the main trunk of the internal saphenous vein. The impact of deep vein thrombosis on the quality of life and its sequelae have long been described in the literature; however, they have not been studied in superficial vein thrombosis. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the risk factors, management, and complications of SVT and its impact on the quality of life of our patients. Methods: Observational, prospective, single-center study to evaluate the management of SVT. The ultrasound (US) was performed initially on symptomatic patients, during treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), at a follow-up, and at the end of 45 days of treatment. A quality-of-life questionnaire was administered to determine the risk factors, management, and complications of SVT at the moment of diagnosis and at the end of treatment. We included patients referred from the emergency department to a monographic consultation for thromboembolic disease, over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of acute SVT symptomatic, without contraindication to initiate anticoagulation. Results: In total, 63 patients were evaluated between October 2020 and April 2022. The mean age was 65.8 years (SD 13.5), of which 35 were women (55.6%), 39 presented cardiovascular risk factors (61.9%), 25 had a history of previous personal venous thromboembolism (VTE) (39.7%), and 10 had obesity (15.9%), 47 had chronic venous insufficiency or varicose veins (74.9%). During follow-up with ultrasound, 39.7% had partial revascularization, and at discharge, 63.5% had permeabilized the thrombosis against 19% who had residual thrombosis or progression of thrombosis. There was a positive correlation between mobility parameters and improvement in the performance of daily activities (rho = 0.35; p = 0.012) and with improvement in pain/discomfort (rho = 0.37; p = 0.007). An improvement in pain parameters was statistically significantly related to a global assessment health perception (rho = 0.48; p < 0.001). Anxiety and depression parameters were related to a global assessment health perception (rho = 0.462; p = 0.001) and to an overall improvement at 12 months (rho = 0.45; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) is a highly prevalent disease, which is traditionally considered banal and has good evolution, with heterogeneous management in clinical practice and limited information on patient selection for therapies, current treatment routes, and drug use, as well as outcomes. In recent years, the importance of this entity has become evident due to its frequency in clinical practice, its risk of complications, and the impact it has on the quality of life. This study’s results emphasize the importance of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of superficial venous thrombosis.
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Abnormal Heart Sound Classification and Model Interpretability: A Transfer Learning Approach with Deep Learning
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Milan Marocchi, Leigh Abbott, Yue Rong, Sven Nordholm and Girish Dwivedi
J. Vasc. Dis. 2023, 2(4), 438-459; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd2040034 - 4 Dec 2023
Abstract
Physician detection of heart sound abnormality is complicated by the inherent difficulty of detecting critical abnormalities in the presence of noise. Computer-aided heart auscultation provides a promising alternative for more accurate detection, with recent deep learning approaches exceeding expert accuracy. Although combining phonocardiogram
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Physician detection of heart sound abnormality is complicated by the inherent difficulty of detecting critical abnormalities in the presence of noise. Computer-aided heart auscultation provides a promising alternative for more accurate detection, with recent deep learning approaches exceeding expert accuracy. Although combining phonocardiogram (PCG) data with electrocardiogram (ECG) data provides more information to an abnormal heart sound classifier, the scarce presence of labelled datasets with this combination impedes training. This paper explores fine-tuning deep convolutional neural networks such as ResNet, VGG, and inceptionv3, on images of spectrograms, mel-spectrograms, and scalograms. By fine-tuning deep pre-trained models on image representations of ECG and PCG, we achieve 91.25% accuracy on the training-a dataset of the PhysioNet Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2016, compared to a previous result of 81.48%. Interpretation of the model’s learned features is also provided, with the results indicative of clinical significance.
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(This article belongs to the Section Cardiovascular Diseases)
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Unravelling the Threads: A Brief Insight into Vascular Dementia
by
Syed Haris Omar
J. Vasc. Dis. 2023, 2(4), 419-437; https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd2040033 - 2 Nov 2023
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD), characterized by cognitive decline attributable to cerebrovascular disease, is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. This review aims to explore the prevalent risk factors, pharmacological interventions, and non-pharmacotherapeutic strategies associated with the condition. Recognized risk factors
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Vascular dementia (VaD), characterized by cognitive decline attributable to cerebrovascular disease, is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. This review aims to explore the prevalent risk factors, pharmacological interventions, and non-pharmacotherapeutic strategies associated with the condition. Recognized risk factors include advanced age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hyperlipidemia with emerging evidence implicating additional lifestyle and genetic factors. Pharmacotherapy for VaD mainly focuses on managing these underlying risk factors, coupled with symptomatic treatments. Therapeutic agents commonly used include antihypertensives, statins, antiplatelet drugs, antidiabetic agents, and specific cognitive enhancers like cholinesterase inhibitors. However, the effectiveness of these treatments remains under continuous study, underscoring the need for comprehensive, individualized treatment plans. Non-pharmacotherapeutic strategies, encompassing lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise have gained considerable attention. They have shown promise in improving cognitive function and enhancing the quality of life in patients with VaD. The application of a multi-domain intervention approach may provide a more holistic management strategy for VaD. Further research is needed to define the best practices in both pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacotherapy treatments, considering the multifactorial and heterogeneous nature of this condition.
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(This article belongs to the Section Neurovascular Diseases)
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