Using the Climate Smart Communities Approach to Achieve Resilient Communities and Landscapes

A special issue of Land (ISSN 2073-445X). This special issue belongs to the section "Land–Climate Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 10633

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Sustainable Earth Institute, University of Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
Interests: landscape assessment and monitoring; mapping and valuation of culture ecosystem services; mapping techniques including ubiquitous technology tools and participatory workshops

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines Open University, Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines
Interests: communicating satoyama initiatives or socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (since 2012); walking research; rural development; disaster risk reduction and management; climate change; environmental advocacies; human-nature interaction; solid waste management

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Guest Editor
Centre for National Parks & Protected Areas, University of Cumbria, Fusehill Street, Carlisle, Cumbria CA1 2HE, UK
Interests: upland land management; multiple capitals approach; collaborative/co-management planning; protected landscapes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climate-smart communities, as defined by the National Wildlife Federation (2016), are communities that are equipped to meet new challenges presented by climate change, such as extreme weather events, including heat waves, drought, water shortages, flooding, sea level rise, economic losses, and more. Climate-smart communities use nature-based and adaptive approaches to prepare for the impacts of climate change in ways that support people, wildlife, and habitats. For example, integrated landscape management in agriculture aims to support food production, ecosystem conservation, and rural livelihood across entire landscapes. Climate-smart agricultural landscapes, on the other hand, operate on the aforementioned principles but also integrate adaptation and mitigation into management objectives. Integration is key in climate-smart concepts, encompassing the integration of complex systems such as natural and social systems and the interaction between these two complex systems.

Dr. John Martin
Dr. Joane V. Serrano
Prof. Dr. Lois Mansfield
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • landscape
  • climate-smart communities
  • landscape management
  • climate change
  • communities
  • climate change adaptation
  • integrated landscape management
  • climate-smart
  • natural and social systems
  • natural-based solutions

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 9927 KiB  
Article
The Climate of My Neighborhood: Households’ Willingness to Adapt to Urban Climate Change
by Márcia Matias, Sara Lopes and António Lopes
Land 2023, 12(4), 856; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12040856 - 10 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2501
Abstract
Regarding the predisposition of individuals to change when confronted with future climate scenarios, it is necessary to understand the perception of the groups under analysis and how to engage with society to collectively act toward climate change mitigation. A question remains to be [...] Read more.
Regarding the predisposition of individuals to change when confronted with future climate scenarios, it is necessary to understand the perception of the groups under analysis and how to engage with society to collectively act toward climate change mitigation. A question remains to be answered: how to ensure that people engage, participate, and gain awareness of the undergoing problem that urban climate change poses for the future of cities’ management? This research intends to contribute to solving this question by raising another question: “How willing are residents of the Alvalade neighborhood (Lisbon) to change their behavior and way of life when faced with climate change scenarios?” We present a methodology using microclimatic modeling with ENVI-met and questionnaires for the resident community. The present and future local climate scenarios (representing a present hot day versus the extreme IPCC RCP 8.5 scenario) were presented to a set of residents. These figures show the projected UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) in a dramatic but accurate aggravated way. The inquiries allowed us to conclude that people are more aware of local climate change and health risks from extremely hot summer weather, but they continue to resist adopting behavior change for adaptation, although most of them declared this could be important to tackle climate change. The second conclusion is that people think that local authorities should be more active than themselves and will have greater responsibility for climate change adaptation and interventions. In times of climate crisis, the participation of the resident community can be an important help in decision making and finding measures to mitigate adverse climate effects in urban environments. Full article
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18 pages, 2564 KiB  
Article
Community-Based Approach for Climate Resilience and COVID-19: Case Study of a Climate Village (Kampung Iklim) in Balikpapan, Indonesia
by Ariyaningsih and Rajib Shaw
Land 2023, 12(3), 650; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12030650 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2937
Abstract
COVID-19 and climate change are widely recognized to negatively impact communities in developing countries. Like several other developing countries, Indonesia also dealt with climatic hazards such as flooding and landslides during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, after the Paris Agreement was signed, the government [...] Read more.
COVID-19 and climate change are widely recognized to negatively impact communities in developing countries. Like several other developing countries, Indonesia also dealt with climatic hazards such as flooding and landslides during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, after the Paris Agreement was signed, the government launched a “Climate Village” program or Kampung Iklim (ProKlim) to enhance community contribution in addressing climatic hazard impacts. Yet, numerous studies have researched integrating COVID-19 and climate change impacts, which calls for a concept of community resilience. To bridge this gap, the objective of this research is to understand and measure the local adaptation and mitigation activities in ProKlim through the smart village concept. Methodological literature review, situation analysis through interviews, and field observations are applied in this study. This research used five indicators to measure the current situation of the Climate Village, which are: resilience, mobility, community, perspectives and digitalization. The findings reveal that the implementation of smart villages in ProKlim is still in its preliminary stages and must seek innovation and system integration from smart cities and smart communities. This research also suggests feasible strategies to build community resilience: (i) collaborative governance in the Climate Village program implementation, (ii) promoting the Climate Village program to other sectors for ICT, and (iii) strengthening community participation in implementing the smart village concept. Full article
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23 pages, 328 KiB  
Article
Proposing a Governance Model for Environmental Crises
by Evangelia Karasmanaki, Giorgos Mallinis, Ioannis Mitsopoulos, Apostolos Karteris, Irene Chrysafis, Dimitrios Bakaloudis, Ioannis P. Kokkoris, Fotis Maris, Margarita Arianoutsou, Johann G. Goldammer, Francisco Rego, V. Ramon Vallejo and Georgios Tsantopoulos
Land 2023, 12(3), 597; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12030597 - 2 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2036
Abstract
During August 2021, a wildfire outbreak in Evia, Greece’s second largest island, resulted in a major environmental and economic crisis. Apart from biodiversity and habitat loss, the disaster triggered a financial crisis because it wiped out wood-productive forests and outdoor areas that attract [...] Read more.
During August 2021, a wildfire outbreak in Evia, Greece’s second largest island, resulted in a major environmental and economic crisis. Apart from biodiversity and habitat loss, the disaster triggered a financial crisis because it wiped out wood-productive forests and outdoor areas that attract visitors. This crisis highlighted the need for a new governance model in order to respond to environmental crises more effectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the acceptance and attitudes of relevant stakeholders towards establishing a Hub—a proposed governance model responsible for monitoring and restoring the natural capital and biodiversity after environmental crises. Results based on quantitative data collected via questionnaires showed that most respondents were positive to the Hub and perceived that its main functions should be to recommend measures after environmental crises and to facilitate cooperation among involved stakeholders. Moreover, results pointed to preferred funding sources, stakeholder groups that should participate in the Hub and key performance indicators (KPIs) for monitoring Hub’s performance. The applied methodology could guide the establishment of governance models both in the study area and other countries facing environmental crises. Full article
14 pages, 1274 KiB  
Article
A Life Cycle Assessment of Rice–Rice and Rice–Cowpea Cropping Systems in the West Coast of India
by Venkatesh Paramesh, Parveen Kumar, Ranjan Parajuli, Rosa Francaviglia, Kallakeri Kannappa Manohara, Vadivel Arunachalam, Trivesh Mayekar and Sulekha Toraskar
Land 2023, 12(2), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020502 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2012
Abstract
Crop diversification is essential in lowland rice cropping systems to achieve sustainability, improve soil health, and as a climate-resilient practice to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted for the farms in the west-coast region of India to [...] Read more.
Crop diversification is essential in lowland rice cropping systems to achieve sustainability, improve soil health, and as a climate-resilient practice to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted for the farms in the west-coast region of India to assess the environmental impact of the rice–rice and rice–cowpea cropping systems. The life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) was evaluated in a “cradle-to-gate” perspective. A higher energy consumption was found in the rice–rice system (32,673 vs. 18,197 MJ/ha), while the net energy output was higher in the rice–cowpea system (211,071 vs. 157,409 MJ/ha). Energy consumption was 44% lower in the rice–cowpea system, which was coupled with a higher energy efficiency (11.6 vs. 4.8), attributed to the lower energy consumption and the higher energy output. Further, the results indicated an energy saving potentialin the rice–cowpea system due to the higher use of renewable resources such as farmyard manure. Field emissions, fertilizer production, and fuel consumption were the major contributors to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in both cropping systems. The total GHG emissions were 81% higher in the rice–rice system (13,894 ± 1329 kg CO2 eq./ha) than in the rice–cowpea system (7679 ± 719 kg CO2 eq./ha). The higher GHG emissions in the rice–rice system were largely due to the higher use of fertilizers, diesel fuel, and machinery. Hence, diversifying the winter rice with a cowpea crop and its large-scale adoption on the west coast of India would provide multiple benefits in decreasing the environmental impact and improving the energy efficiency to achieve sustainability and climate resilience in rice-based cropping systems. Full article
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