Land Evaluation: Economic and Physical Assessments towards Sustainability

A special issue of Land (ISSN 2073-445X). This special issue belongs to the section "Land Socio-Economic and Political Issues".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 52363

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
International Research Office, University of Padova, 35137 Padova, Italy
Interests: geomorphology; land cover; human–environment interaction; beach; environmental assessment

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Guest Editor
Department of Economics and Management, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: macro-economics; environmental economics and policy; ecological economics; economic valuation; environment and development; econometrics; theory of natural resource management
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Land dedicates this Special Issue to Land Evaluation: Economic and Physical Assessments towards Sustainability. The overall environment is constantly changing as a result of the interaction between natural and anthropogenic threats. Terrestrial land and its interface with seas and oceans in coastal areas and wetlands is subjected to the increased impacts of climate change (global warming, desertification, ocean acidification, storms, sea level rise, etc.) and human threat intensification (urbanization, use of resources, deforestation, etc.). The real management of these environments requires the combination of management processes such as monitoring, simple intervention, recycling, recharge, construction, and maintenance, in a way that reflects an acceptable compromise in light of available finance between environmental defense, nature conservation, public amenity, and industrial objectives (Micallef and Williams, 2002; Simm et al., 1996). Therefore, we should consider the entire spectrum of conflicts in that it addresses—social, economic, and ecological aspects of environments—as socio-ecological systems (SESs; Defeo and McLachlan, 2005; Botero and Hurtado, 2009). This approach considers an environment as comprised of multidimensional systems linked with and affected by one or more social systems where natural, socio-economic, and administrative components interact (Micallef, 1996; Micallef and Williams, 2002; Williams and Davies, 1999). Quantifying and valuing environmental goods and ecosystem services from an economic perspective is often problematic, and requires an interdisciplinary perspective from economics to other complementary disciplines (Pearce et al., 2006; Hanley and Spash, 1994). Economic valuation techniques can be applied to estimate the value of a specific environment using models that assume equilibrium market conditions. However, in order to capture the complexity and dynamic interlinkages between the economic and environmental systems, we need an integrated model that answers to some research questions: What is the economic value of increasing environmental protection in a community? Do revenues justify the costs of threat control? Under what conditions can policy interventions to stabilize environments be sustained in the long run, especially in the face of climate change?

In light of the above, we invite you to contribute articles to this Special Issue by reporting developed studies and new data about environment assessment using multi-disciplinary approaches. This Special Issue will assemble research that presents innovative methods, novel data analysis, application case studies, and insights that can improve our understanding of land-environment assessment using physical, geological, engineering, ecological, as well as economic evaluation for sustainable land use.

We welcome both original research and review papers focusing on, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • The protection, management, and conservation of natural areas;
  • Climate change impacts assessment;
  • Relative sea level rise and economical sustainability of coastal areas;
  • Geographic Information Systems (GISs);
  • Integrated approaches to ecosystem valuation;
  • Ecosystem services evaluation;
  • Integrated tools for land management;
  • Revealed and stated preference techniques.

Dr. Ilaria Rodella
Prof. Dr. Massimiliano Mazzanti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Land is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • land use and governance
  • ecological economics
  • political economy
  • beach management and conservation
  • climate change
  • social-ecological systems
  • vulnerability and resilience

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1104 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Impacts of Expropriation and Compensation on Livelihood of Farmers: The Case of Peri-Urban Debre Markos, Ethiopia
by Tilahun Dires, Derjew Fentie, Yeneneh Hunie, Worku Nega, Mulugeta Tenaw, Sayeh Kassaw Agegnehu and Reinfried Mansberger
Land 2021, 10(6), 614; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060614 - 8 Jun 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 7647
Abstract
In Ethiopia, expropriation and compensation measures have become a great concern due to horizontal urban expansion and development induced projects. Especially in peri-urban areas, the livelihood of farmers is affected by expropriation without fair and comparable compensation. This paper investigates the impacts of [...] Read more.
In Ethiopia, expropriation and compensation measures have become a great concern due to horizontal urban expansion and development induced projects. Especially in peri-urban areas, the livelihood of farmers is affected by expropriation without fair and comparable compensation. This paper investigates the impacts of expropriation and compensation activities on livelihood of peri-urban smallholders taking Debre Markos Town as a case study area. Mixed research methods were employed. Quantitative data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and by interviewing about 100 smallholders. Qualitative data were collected in focus group discussions and by analyzing legal documents. The analysis showed a high trend of expropriation without fair and appropriate compensation as result of ignoring legal procedures of expropriation and compensation. Expropriated farmers also complained that they did not get any support from the government to use compensation money properly for further investments. Due to incomparable compensation and lack of advice, peri-urban farmers faced multi-faceted problems, such as food insecurity and social and family disintegration. The government has to enable families of expropriated households to earn suitable livelihood, which could be achieved by fair compensation and appropriate guidance. Full article
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19 pages, 297 KiB  
Article
Does the Land Market Have an Impact on Green Total Factor Productivity? A Case Study on China
by Tinghui Li, Jiehua Ma and Bin Mo
Land 2021, 10(6), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060595 - 4 Jun 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3392
Abstract
The influence process of the land market on urban green total factor productivity (GTFP) is characterized by complexity and region. Based on the panel data of 271 cities in China from 2004 to 2016, this paper analyzes the impact of the land market [...] Read more.
The influence process of the land market on urban green total factor productivity (GTFP) is characterized by complexity and region. Based on the panel data of 271 cities in China from 2004 to 2016, this paper analyzes the impact of the land market on urban GTFP and explores the regulatory effect of the innovation investment level and the infrastructure investment level on the land market. The following conclusions are drawn: First, the land market restrains the improvement of urban GTFP, whether analyzed from the dimension of land transfer price or land transfer scale, and the influence degree varies in different dimensions. Second, there is regional heterogeneity in the inhibition effect of the land market on urban GTFP. Third, the level of innovation investment and the level of infrastructure investment have significantly different regulatory effects on the impact of the land market on urban GTFP; the level of innovation investment aggravates the inhibition effect of urban GTFP by the land market, while the infrastructure investment level weakens this inhibition effect. Full article
18 pages, 3140 KiB  
Article
The Benefits of Combining Global and Local Data—A Showcase for Valuation and Mapping of Mangrove Climate Regulation and Food Provisioning Services within a Protected Area in Pará, North Brazil
by Robin Gutting, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Karsten Grunewald, Ulf Mehlig, Véronique Helfer and Martin Zimmer
Land 2021, 10(4), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10040432 - 18 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3456
Abstract
Mangrove forests provide a large variety of ecosystem services (ES) to coastal societies. Using a case study focusing on the Ajuruteua peninsula in Northern Brazil and two ES, food provisioning (ES1) and global climate regulation (ES2), this paper proposes a new framework for [...] Read more.
Mangrove forests provide a large variety of ecosystem services (ES) to coastal societies. Using a case study focusing on the Ajuruteua peninsula in Northern Brazil and two ES, food provisioning (ES1) and global climate regulation (ES2), this paper proposes a new framework for quantifying and valuing mangrove ES and allow for their small-scale mapping. We modelled and spatialised the two ES from different perspectives, the demand (ES1) and the supply (ES2) side respectively. This was performed by combining worldwide databases related to the global human population (ES1) or mangrove distribution and canopy height (ES2) with locally derived parameters, such as crab catches (ES1) or species-specific allometric equations based on local estimates of tree structural parameters (ES2). Based on this approach, we could estimate that the area delivers the basic nutrition of about 1400 households, which equals 2.7 million USD, and that the mangrove biomass in the area contains 2.1 million Mg C, amounting to 50.9 million USD, if it were paid as certificates. In addition to those figures, we provide high-resolution maps showing which areas are more valuable for the two respective ES, information that could help inform management strategies in the future. Full article
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26 pages, 5806 KiB  
Article
The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic
by Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Ina Neumann, Karsten Grunewald, Patrycia Brzoska, Jiři Louda, Birgit Kochan, Jan Macháč, Lenka Dubová, Petr Meyer, Jan Brabec and Olaf Bastian
Land 2021, 10(4), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10040341 - 27 Mar 2021
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 5926
Abstract
The quality of life in our cities critically depends on the intelligent planning and shaping of urban living space, in particular urban nature. By providing a wide range of ecosystem services (ES), urban nature essentially contributes to the well-being of city dwellers and [...] Read more.
The quality of life in our cities critically depends on the intelligent planning and shaping of urban living space, in particular urban nature. By providing a wide range of ecosystem services (ES), urban nature essentially contributes to the well-being of city dwellers and plays a major role in avoiding common diseases through its positive impact on physical and mental health. Health is one of the most important factors underlying human welfare and is, thus, vital to sustainable development. The ES of urban green space provide other social-cultural functions alongside public health, for example by fostering environmental justice and citizenship participation. Thus, they should always be considered when searching for solutions to urban problems. The aim of this research was to determine the impact of green areas in three selected cities on the health and well-being of people by self-reporting of green areas’ visitors. To this end, we posed the research question: which types and characteristics of urban green space are most appreciated by city dwellers? Based on our findings, we have drawn up recommendations for practices to promote better living conditions. We have also pinpointed obstacles to and opportunities for leisure time activities as well as ways of supporting the public health of citizens. Full article
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23 pages, 1123 KiB  
Article
Evaluations of the Roles of Organizational Support, Organizational Norms and Organizational Learning for Adopting Environmentally Friendly Technologies: A Case of Kiwifruit Farmers’ Cooperatives of Meixian, China
by Hongyu Wang, Apurbo Sarkar and Lu Qian
Land 2021, 10(3), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030284 - 10 Mar 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3472
Abstract
Environmentally friendly technologies have long been recognized as a widespread phenomenon working within the functions and performance of farms. Farmer’s cooperative organization might profoundly foster the environmentally friendly technologies (EFT) and availing competitive advantage to the farmer. Illustrated by the natural-resource-based view of [...] Read more.
Environmentally friendly technologies have long been recognized as a widespread phenomenon working within the functions and performance of farms. Farmer’s cooperative organization might profoundly foster the environmentally friendly technologies (EFT) and availing competitive advantage to the farmer. Illustrated by the natural-resource-based view of the farm (NRBV), this study examined the influence of organizational support, organizational norms, and organizational learning on adopting EFT and proposed a model quantifying the impacts of these approaches towards availing competitive capabilities (i.e., cost, quality, flexibility, and delivery). The framework is empirically endorsed by employing the partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of a household survey from a spectrum of 292 farmers of 38 kiwifruit cooperatives of Meixian County, China, from August to September 2020. The findings demonstrate that organizational support, organizational norms, and organizational learning positively influence EFT. Moreover, the study found EFT positively impacts product cost, product quality, product delivery, and production flexibility. Interestingly, the relationship between the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies and the competitive capabilities of kiwifruit farmers of Meixian is positively significant. The study proposes several policy recommendations emphasizing the role of organizations in the form of farmer’s cooperatives in boosting farmers to engage in proenvironmental behavior and, therefore, shifting the trends of future research directions on the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies. Full article
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23 pages, 3607 KiB  
Article
Tourism Development Options in Marginal and Less-Favored Regions: A Case Study of Slovakia´s Gemer Region
by Daniela Hutárová, Ivana Kozelová and Jana Špulerová
Land 2021, 10(3), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030229 - 24 Feb 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4405
Abstract
Marginal and less-favored regions are characterized by negative migration balance, lower living standards, aging of the population, a lower number of employment opportunities, lower educational level, and lower investments in the territory. Gemer is one of these regions in Slovakia. On the other [...] Read more.
Marginal and less-favored regions are characterized by negative migration balance, lower living standards, aging of the population, a lower number of employment opportunities, lower educational level, and lower investments in the territory. Gemer is one of these regions in Slovakia. On the other hand, the Gemer region has a very interesting history and many cultural monuments, nature protection areas, and UNESCO World Heritage sites that create options for tourism development. The monuments of the Gothic Road have the potential for religious tourism. Karst relief and the sites and monuments related to mining present on the Iron Road provide suitable conditions for geotourism and mining tourism. Local villages contain traditional agricultural landscapes, which create suitable conditions for active rural tourism associated with creative tourism or agrotourism. There is also the promising possibility of cross-border cooperation with Hungary. However, the revenues from tourism do not reach the same level as in other, similar regions of Slovakia. The main failings of tourism development include the insufficient coordination of destination marketing organization stakeholders, lack of care for monuments, and underestimation of the potential of Roma culture and art production. However, analyzed state policy instruments on the promotion of tourism did not mitigate but rather exacerbated regional disparities in Slovakia. Full article
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23 pages, 1571 KiB  
Article
Urban Development and Sustainable Mobility: A Spatial Analysis in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area
by Lorea Mendiola and Pilar González
Land 2021, 10(2), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10020157 - 4 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 7643
Abstract
This study provides empirical evidence on the links between urban development factors and the use of specific modes of transport in commuting in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area. The case study is of interest because quantitative research on developing countries is scarce and [...] Read more.
This study provides empirical evidence on the links between urban development factors and the use of specific modes of transport in commuting in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area. The case study is of interest because quantitative research on developing countries is scarce and their rapid urban growth and high rates of inequality may generate different results compared to the US or Europe. This relationship was assessed on locality level using regression methods. Spatial econometric techniques were applied to avoid unreliable inferences generated by spatial dependence and to detect the existence of externalities. Furthermore, we include in the model the socio-economic profile of each locality identified using cluster analysis. The findings reveal that population density affects motorised transport, that diversity is relevant for public transport and non-motorised trips, and urban design characteristics affect all modes of transport. Spatial dependence is detected for motorised transport, which may imply the existence of externalities, suggesting the need for coordinated decision-making processes on a metropolitan level. Finally, modal split depends on the socio-economic profile of a locality, which may influence the response to public transport policies. To sum up, these results may be useful when it comes to helping policymakers design integrated public policies on urban and transport planning. Full article
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17 pages, 2258 KiB  
Article
Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform: Self-Employment Perspectives from a Case Study of Kimonyi Sector
by Mireille Mizero, Aristide Maniriho, Bosco Bashangwa Mpozi, Antoine Karangwa, Philippe Burny and Philippe Lebailly
Land 2021, 10(2), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10020117 - 26 Jan 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3479
Abstract
Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform promotes agri-business and encourages self-employment. This paper aims to analyze the situation from a self-employment perspective when dealing with expropriation risk in rural areas. In this study, we conducted a structured survey addressed to 63 domestic units, complemented by [...] Read more.
Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform promotes agri-business and encourages self-employment. This paper aims to analyze the situation from a self-employment perspective when dealing with expropriation risk in rural areas. In this study, we conducted a structured survey addressed to 63 domestic units, complemented by focus groups of 47 participants from Kimonyi Sector. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that having job alternatives, men heading domestic units, literacy skills in English, and owning land lease certificates (p < 0.05) are positively and significantly related to awareness of land expropriation risk. The decision of the head of the domestic unit to practice the main activity under self-employment status is positively influenced by owning a land lease certificate, number of plots, and French skills, while skills in English and a domestic unit’s size have a positive and significant influence on involvement in a second activity as self-employed. Information on expropriation risk has no significant effect on self-employment. The domestic unit survey revealed that 34.9% of the heads of domestic units only have one job, 47.6% have at least two jobs in their everyday life, 12.7% have a minimum of three jobs, and 4.8% are inactive. The focus group synthesis exposed the limits to self-employment ability and facilities. Full article
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50 pages, 5617 KiB  
Article
Spatial Transformation of a New City in 2006–2020: Perspectives on the Spatial Dynamics, Environmental Quality Degradation, and Socio—Economic Sustainability of Local Communities in Makassar City, Indonesia
by Batara Surya, Hadijah Hadijah, Seri Suriani, Baharuddin Baharuddin, A. Tenri Fitriyah, Firman Menne and Emil Salim Rasyidi
Land 2020, 9(9), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/land9090324 - 14 Sep 2020
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 7226
Abstract
The accelerated development of new urban areas has an impact on changes in the spatial use and complexity of ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to analyze (1) spatial transformation works as a determinant of changes in the social formation of local [...] Read more.
The accelerated development of new urban areas has an impact on changes in the spatial use and complexity of ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to analyze (1) spatial transformation works as a determinant of changes in the social formation of local communities in the new city area of Metro Tanjung Bunga; (2) process of social interaction and social adaptation between immigrants and local communities in new social formations in the new city area of Metro Tanjung Bunga; and (3) the effect of spatial use, changes in social formation, and work differentiation on the socio-economic sustainability of local communities. The research method used involves a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were obtained by observation, in-depth interviews, surveys, and documentation. The results of the study show that spatial transformation has an impact on changing the single social formations of local communities into multiple social formations and transforming differences in modes of production between migrants and local communities into changes in the order of life of local communities. These changing interactions and social adaptations cause changes in the social structures and cultural patterns of local communities. Furthermore, changes in spatial use, social formation, and job differentiation have a significant effect on the socio-economic sustainability of local communities, with a coefficient of determination of 97.7%. This study recommends considering environmental, economic, and sociocultural factors followed by government decision-making for the future development of the new city area of Metro Tanjung Bunga, Makassar City. Full article
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13 pages, 1249 KiB  
Commentary
Soil Degradation and Socioeconomic Systems’ Complexity: Uncovering the Latent Nexus
by Filippo Gambella, Giovanni Quaranta, Nathan Morrow, Renata Vcelakova, Luca Salvati, Antonio Gimenez Morera and Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
Land 2021, 10(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10010030 - 1 Jan 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3869
Abstract
Understanding Soil Degradation Processes (SDPs) is a fundamental issue for humankind. Soil degradation involves complex processes that are influenced by a multifaceted ensemble of socioeconomic and ecological factors at vastly different spatial scales. Desertification risk (the ultimate outcome of soil degradation, seen as [...] Read more.
Understanding Soil Degradation Processes (SDPs) is a fundamental issue for humankind. Soil degradation involves complex processes that are influenced by a multifaceted ensemble of socioeconomic and ecological factors at vastly different spatial scales. Desertification risk (the ultimate outcome of soil degradation, seen as an irreversible process of natural resource destruction) and socioeconomic trends have been recently analyzed assuming “resilience thinking” as an appropriate interpretative paradigm. In a purely socioeconomic dimension, resilience is defined as the ability of a local system to react to external signals and to promote future development. This ability is intrinsically bonded with the socio-ecological dynamics characteristic of environmentally homogeneous districts. However, an evaluation of the relationship between SDPs and socioeconomic resilience in local systems is missing in mainstream literature. Our commentary formulates an exploratory framework for the assessment of soil degradation, intended as a dynamic process of natural resource depletion, and the level of socioeconomic resilience in local systems. Such a framework is intended to provide a suitable background to sustainability science and regional policies at the base of truly resilient local systems. Full article
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