The Cognitive Effects of Bilingualism in Developmental Disorders

A special issue of Languages (ISSN 2226-471X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2022) | Viewed by 11029

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
The Linguistics Department, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
Interests: autism spectrum disorder; developmental language disorder; bilingualism; theory of mind; executive functions; language acquisition; syntax

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bilingualism has been reported to confer advantages in cognitive domains such as Executive Functions and Theory of Mind (Adesope et al., 2010; Bialystok, 2011; Schroeder, 2018). These areas may be specifically impaired in subgroups of children with developmental disorders (DD), including but not limited to those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Developmental Language Disorder (DLD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Down syndrome (DS) (Yirmiya et al., 1996; Happé et al., 2006; Korkmaz, 2011; Crisci et al., 2021). While research indicates that children with DD can successfully acquire two languages (Kay-Raining Bird, 2016), work specifically exploring the cognitive effects of this linguistic experience is scarce. The findings of such work would be of both theoretical and practical relevance: theoretically, they would shed new light on the language-cognition interface, and practically, they would allow parents of children with DD to make evidence-based decisions regarding dual language exposure. 

This Special Issue of Languages thus welcomes investigations of the effects of bilingualism on the cognitive abilities of children with DD. We request that, prior to submitting a manuscript, interested authors initially submit a proposed title and an abstract of 400-600 words summarizing their intended contribution. Please send it to Stephanie Durrleman ([email protected]) or to the /Languages/ editorial office ([email protected]). Abstracts will be reviewed by the guest editor for the purposes of ensuring proper fit within the scope of the Special Issue. Full manuscripts will undergo double-blind peer-review. 

The tentative completion schedule is as follows:

  • Abstract submission deadline: 15 January 2022
  • Notification of abstract acceptance: 15 February 2022
  • Full manuscript deadline: 15 July 2022

References:

Adesope OO, Lavin T, Thompson T, Ungerleider C. 2010. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Cognitive Correlates of Bilingualism. Review of Educational Research 80(2):207–45.

Bialystok E. 2011. Reshaping the mind: The benefits of bilingualism. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale, 65(4):229–35.

Crisci, G., Caviola, S., Cardillo, R., & Mammarella, I. C. 2021. Executive Functions in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Comorbidity Overlaps Between Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and Specific Learning Disorders. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 15, 594234. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.594234

Happé F, Booth R, Charlton R, Hughes C. 2006. Executive function deficits in autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: examining profiles across domains and ages. Brain Cogn., Jun;61(1):25-39. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2006.03.004. Epub 2006 May 6. PMID: 16682102. 

Kay-Raining Bird, E., Genesee, F., and Verhoeven, L. 2016. Bilingualism in children with developmental disorders: a narrative review. J. Commun. Disord. 63, 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2016.07.003

Korkmaz, B. 2011. Theory of Mind and Neurodevelopmental Disorders of Childhood. Pediatr Res 69, 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e318212c177

Schroeder, R. Scott. 2018. Do Bilinguals Have an Advantage in Theory of Mind? A Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Communication, 3: 36.

Yirmiya, N., Solomonica-Levi, D., Shulman, C., & Pilowsky, T. 1996. Theory of mind abilities in individuals with autism, Down syndrome, and mental retardation of unknown etiology: the role of age and intelligence. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 37(8), 1003–1014. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01497.

Prof. Dr. Stephanie Durrleman
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Bilingualism
  • Developmental Disorders
  • Theory of Mind
  • Executive Functions

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1157 KiB  
Article
Measuring the Relationship between Bilingual Exposure and Social Attentional Preferences in Autistic Children
by Rachael Davis, Hugh Rabagliati, Lewis Montgomery, Antonella Sorace and Sue Fletcher-Watson
Languages 2023, 8(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages8010027 - 16 Jan 2023
Viewed by 2767
Abstract
Background: Autistic children show reduced attentional preferences to social stimuli early in development, and these differences have consequences on a range of social domains. One factor that could influence development in those processes is bilingualism. Parents and practitioners frequently voice unfounded concerns that [...] Read more.
Background: Autistic children show reduced attentional preferences to social stimuli early in development, and these differences have consequences on a range of social domains. One factor that could influence development in those processes is bilingualism. Parents and practitioners frequently voice unfounded concerns that bilingualism could cause delays in autistic children, yet there is little evidence to dispute this idea. While there are studies focusing on the impact of bilingualism on cognition in autistic children, no research has focused on the relationship between bilingualism and social attention. Aims: This study therefore investigated the impact of bilingual exposure on social attention in autistic (n = 33) and neurotypical children (n = 42) aged 6–13 years. Rather than a monolingual/bilingual comparison, participants had varying degrees of bilingual exposure, and exposure was treated as a continuous variable. Participants completed an eye-tracking task measuring visual attention to interacting versus non-interacting human figures. Results: Bilingual exposure did not affect dwell time to interacting or non-interacting figures for the neurotypical or autistic groups. However, there was a three-way interaction between diagnosis, figure type and vocabulary scores on dwell time. Conclusions: Higher vocabulary scores in neurotypical participants was associated with significantly less dwell time to non-interacting stimuli. This is the first study to assess the effects of bilingualism on social attention; here, concerns of bilingualism are not upheld. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Cognitive Effects of Bilingualism in Developmental Disorders)
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16 pages, 982 KiB  
Article
Working Memory Skills in DLD: Does Bilingualism Make a Difference?
by Eva Wimmer and Anna-Lena Scherger
Languages 2022, 7(4), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7040287 - 9 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3544
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that several cognitive domains benefit from bilingualism, including working memory. The aim of the present study is to specifically explore the effects of bilingual experience on different functions of working memory in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) compared [...] Read more.
Recent studies have reported that several cognitive domains benefit from bilingualism, including working memory. The aim of the present study is to specifically explore the effects of bilingual experience on different functions of working memory in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) compared to monolingual children with and without DLD. We therefore investigated n = 42 German speaking monolingual and bilingual children with and without DLD aged six to eight years. We examined two components of working memory often impaired in DLD: verbal short-term memory and the central executive. We expected bilingual children to outperform their monolingual peers. However, our results do not show any advantage of bilingualism since bilingual typically developing (TD) children did not outperform monolingual TD children and bilingual children with DLD did not outperform monolinguals with DLD; this holds for all measures under investigation. The main outcome is that no disadvantage could be found for bilingual children in cognitive functions. Raising a child bilingually does not exacerbate linguistic and cognitive difficulties in children with DLD. However, our preliminary data suggest it does not lead to cognitive advantages in working memory either. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Cognitive Effects of Bilingualism in Developmental Disorders)
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20 pages, 777 KiB  
Article
Nonverbal Switching Ability of Monolingual and Bilingual Children with and without Developmental Language Disorder
by Tessel Boerma, Merel van Witteloostuijn and Elma Blom
Languages 2022, 7(2), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7020108 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3034
Abstract
Bilingualism is associated with enhanced switching skills, while a developmental language disorder (DLD) may negatively impact switching ability. However, both studies with bilinguals as well as studies including children with DLD have revealed mixed results. Moreover, the interaction of bilingualism and DLD has [...] Read more.
Bilingualism is associated with enhanced switching skills, while a developmental language disorder (DLD) may negatively impact switching ability. However, both studies with bilinguals as well as studies including children with DLD have revealed mixed results. Moreover, the interaction of bilingualism and DLD has not been addressed and the origin of the stronger or weaker switching performance is unknown. The current study aimed to fill these gaps. Monolingual and bilingual children with and without DLD (n = 32 in each of the four groups) completed a nonverbal color/shape switching task when they were 7 to 8 years old, and a Continuous Performance Task two years earlier. The latter tapped into their response inhibition and sustained attention skills, which may underlie switching ability. No differences between monolinguals and bilinguals were found on the switching task. Children with DLD had higher mixing costs than peers without DLD, which was driven by differences in sustained attention skills. These results add to the body of research indicating that the cognitive advantages of bilingualism are unstable. Additionally, the results substantiate the hypothesis that attention processes are foundational for complex cognitive skills, such as switching, and suggest cascading effects for children with weaker attention skills, such as children with DLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Cognitive Effects of Bilingualism in Developmental Disorders)
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