The Role of Immune Cells in Multiple Sclerosis

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2022) | Viewed by 2228

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
Interests: microglia; monocyte; multiple sclerosis

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Interests: multiple sclerosis; neuroinflammation; human microglia; mass cytometry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). One of the fundamental pathomechanisms involves the activation of myelin-specific autoreactive T cells, which in turn initiate a cell- and humoral-mediated immune response in the CNS. Accordingly, past therapeutic interventions mainly focused on the depletion or blockade of lymphocytes. However, recent evidence obtained from new genetically modified animal models and high-dimensional single-cell technologies has indicated a much more complex picture of MS pathophysiology. These methodologies uncovered Th17 cells as the main pathogenic lymphocyte subset due to the release of the effector cytokine GM-CSF, which plays a critical role in the instruction of tissue-destructive monocytes. Further, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, microglia, and other immune cells have been shown to contribute to disease progression. On top of these organism-intrinsic factors, environmental parameters such as diet, fasting, and a deregulated circadian rhythm also have an effect on immune cell functions and indirectly influence the course of disease.

These data show that MS is a multifaceted disease in which more than one immune cell population is involved in tissue damage. Accordingly, in this Special Issue, we would like to collect review articles that summarize the current knowledge of immunological components of MS. Our goal is to provide the reader with a wide range of immune cell activities and how these cells influence the disease course of MS.

Dr. Alexander Mildner
Dr. Chotima Böttcher
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 4830 KiB  
Article
Demyelination Lesions Do Not Correlate with Clinical Manifestations by Bordetella pertussis Toxin Concentrations
by Maiara Carolina Perussolo, Bassam Felipe Mogharbel, Claudia Sayuri Saçaki, Dilcele Silva Moreira Dziedzic, Seigo Nagashima, Leanderson Franco de Meira, Luiz Cesar Guarita-Souza, Lúcia de Noronha and Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho
Life 2022, 12(7), 962; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12070962 - 27 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1841
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, characterized as an inflammatory demyelinating disease. Given the need for improvements in MS treatment, many studies are mainly conducted through preclinical models such as experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). This study analyzes [...] Read more.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, characterized as an inflammatory demyelinating disease. Given the need for improvements in MS treatment, many studies are mainly conducted through preclinical models such as experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). This study analyzes the relationships between histopathological and clinical score findings at EAE. Twenty-three female Rattus norvegicus Lewis rats from 6 to 8 weeks were induced to EAE. Nineteen rats underwent EAE induction distributed in six groups to establish the evolution of clinical signs, and four animals were in the control group. Bordetella pertussis toxin (PTX) doses were 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 ng. The clinical scores of the animals were analyzed daily, from seven to 24 days after induction. The brains and spinal cords were collected for histopathological analyses. The results demonstrated that the dose of 250 ng of PTX induced a higher clinical score and reduction in weight. All induced groups demonstrated leukocyte infiltration, activation of microglia and astrocytes, and demyelinated plaques in the brains in histopathology. It was concluded that the dose of 250 ng and 350 ng of PTX were the best choices to trigger the brain and spinal cord demyelination lesions and did not correlate with clinical scores. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Immune Cells in Multiple Sclerosis)
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