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Life
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Exercise Interventions to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
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Exercise Interventions to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 4083

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hee-Tae Roh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Sports Science, College of Arts and Physical Education, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
Interests: environmental exercise physiology; physiological responses to acute exercise; exercise training; exercise metabolism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress (OS) is triggered by imbalances between antioxidant defenses and damage caused by reactive oxygen species. OS can cause injuries to a variety of cells as well as DNA and is involved in the mechanism of multiple diseases such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and neurodegenerative disorder. Inflammation is also an essential immune response, and high inflammation levels can be found in many chronic diseases: obesity is a classic example characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation. In recent years, various studies have reported that exercise training and regular physical activity achieved subclinical effects in improving imbalances between oxidant production and antioxidant capacity, as well as in reducing inflammation levels. By contrast, acute exercise may increase OS. For instance, exercise-induced OS can injure myocytes, triggering an inflammatory response and muscle atrophy, while also playing an important role in regenerating muscles injured by an inflammatory response. However, the mechanism underlying the contrasting aspects of exercise is not yet fully understood. This Special Issue contains studies based on recent evidence associated with exercise interventions pertaining to inflammation and OS using human and animal models. Environmental stresses such as particulate matter and hypoxic conditions are primary factors under consideration.

Dr. Hee-Tae Roh
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • physical activity
  • acute exercise
  • exercise training
  • inflammation
  • oxidative stress
  • antioxidant
  • chronic disease
  • environmental stress
  • brain health
  • aging

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1265 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Neck Cooling on Serum Oxidant/Antioxidant Status and HSP70 Levels during High-Intensity Cycling
by Kyung-Su Choi, Hee-Tae Roh and Su-Youn Cho
Life 2023, 13(11), 2178; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13112178 - 8 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1039
Abstract
Numerous studies have been conducted in an attempt to discover cooling strategies that can be effective in improving exercise performance. However, the mechanism by which neck cooling relieves exercise-induced physiological stress and the optimal cooling temperature are unclear. This study aimed to investigate [...] Read more.
Numerous studies have been conducted in an attempt to discover cooling strategies that can be effective in improving exercise performance. However, the mechanism by which neck cooling relieves exercise-induced physiological stress and the optimal cooling temperature are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of neck cooling at different temperatures during high-intensity cycling on body temperature, physiological variables, oxidant/antioxidant status, heat shock protein (HSP) 70 levels, and exercise performance in adolescent athletes. Seven well-trained male adolescent cyclists (age, 17.00 ± 0.76 years; athletic career, 3.86 ± 0.90 years) participated in three exercise trials involving three cooling regimens: control (CON), low-temperature (7 °C) neck cooling (LNC), and mixed-temperature (14 + 20 °C) neck cooling (MNC). The experimental condition used a cross-over design to minimize adaption to the repetitive cycling trials. Cycling consisted of a 20 km warm-up session and a two 2 km race session. Neck cooling at different temperatures was administered for 20 min during each rest period: after the warm-up, after the first 2 km race, and after the second 2 km race. Blood samples were taken to assess serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and HSP70 levels. In addition, tympanic temperature (Tty), thermal sensation (TS), heart rate (HR), and the saturation of percutaneous oxygen (SpO2) were measured before, immediately after, and 24 h after exercise. As a measure of cycling performance, the race record and speed were measured in the first and second 2 km races. In all trials, Tty, TS, HR, MDA, SOD, and HSP70 levels significantly increased (p < 0.05), and SpO2 levels significantly decreased (p < 0.05). TS significantly decreased 24 h after exercise compared to that immediately after exercise in the LNC and MNC trials (p < 0.05). Serum HSP70 levels were significantly higher 24 h after exercise (0.87 ± 0.10 ng/mL) than immediately after exercise (0.79 ± 0.04 ng/mL) in the CON trial (p < 0.05). Twenty-four hours after exercise, the CON (0.87 ± 0.10 ng/mL) trial showed significantly higher serum HSP70 levels than the LNC (0.73 ± 0.01 ng/mL) trial (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in cycling race record or speed between the trials (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that neck cooling can induce a positive effect on thermal perception during recovery after cycling and that neck cooling at a relatively low temperature may be more effective in reducing exercise-induced HSP70 expression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Interventions to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress)
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13 pages, 919 KiB  
Article
The Effects of 12-Week Traditional Thai Exercise (Ruesi Dadton) on Glycemic Control and Inflammatory Markers in Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Pornchai Sawangwong, Sucharat Tungsukruthai, Preecha Nootim, Kusuma Sriyakul, Pratya Phetkate, Kammal Kumar Pawa and Parunkul Tungsukruthai
Life 2023, 13(11), 2166; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13112166 - 5 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1486
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and inflammation are hallmarks of the prediabetes stage, which has the potential to develop into diabetes mellitus. In this stage, lifestyle changes and exercise are recommended and have been shown to be effective. However, there has been insufficient study investigating the impact [...] Read more.
Hyperglycemia and inflammation are hallmarks of the prediabetes stage, which has the potential to develop into diabetes mellitus. In this stage, lifestyle changes and exercise are recommended and have been shown to be effective. However, there has been insufficient study investigating the impact of Ruesi Dadton (RD) exercise on prediabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of RD exercise on biomarkers of glycemic level including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), the 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), the biomarkers of inflammation C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and body mass index (BMI) on prediabetes during 12-week RD exercise. A total of 64 participants were randomly assigned into two groups, RD and control (CON), and were tested by measuring their glycemic levels to screen for prediabetes. The RD group was instructed to perform 10 postures of RD exercise in 60 min, three times a week. The CON group received standard lifestyle recommendations that were not pharmacologically managed. The results reveal that the RD group experienced a significant decrease in FPG, OGTT, HbA1C, and IL-6 (p < 0.01), and BMI and CRP (p < 0.05) compared to the CON group. In addition, the CON group had considerably higher glycemic levels, BMI and IL-6 levels (p < 0.01). Our study demonstrates that RD could decrease the biomarkers of glycemic level and inflammation during 12 weeks of RD exercise in prediabetes. These findings suggest that RD exercise is an effective approach for reducing systemic inflammation and controlling glycemic levels in prediabetic patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Interventions to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress)
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15 pages, 1385 KiB  
Article
Impact of Particulate Matter Exposure and Aerobic Exercise on Circulating Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Status, and Inflammation in Young and Aged Mice
by Su-Youn Cho and Hee-Tae Roh
Life 2023, 13(10), 1952; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13101952 - 23 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1007
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) and exercise training can have antagonistic effects on inflammatory responses and the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants in the body. However, the underlying mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PM [...] Read more.
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) and exercise training can have antagonistic effects on inflammatory responses and the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants in the body. However, the underlying mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PM exposure and aerobic exercise training on oxidative stress, antioxidant status, and inflammation in mice of different ages. Two groups of male C57BL/6 mice, comprising forty 1-month-old and forty 12-month-old mice, were exposed to either PM or exercise training or both for 8 weeks. PM exposure led to significantly higher 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels (p < 0.05) and significantly lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities (p < 0.05) in both age groups exposed to PM compared to the control groups. Conversely, aerobic exercise training led to significantly lower 8-OHdG, MDA, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels (p < 0.05) and significantly higher SOD and CAT activities (p < 0.05) in both age groups receiving exercise training, compared to those exposed to PM. Moreover, young mice in the exercise training and PM group showed significantly lower 8-OHdG, MDA, and IL-1β levels (p < 0.05) and significantly higher SOD and CAT activities (p < 0.05) than young mice in the PM exposure group. However, these levels did not vary significantly between the group of old mice that either received exercise training or exposure to PM. Our results suggest that while PM exposure could cause pro-oxidant/antioxidant imbalances and inflammatory responses, regular aerobic exercise could ameliorate these negative effects, although these vary with age. Nevertheless, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of exercise were countered by PM exposure, especially in older mice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Interventions to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress)
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