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Life
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Treatment of Malocclusions: Diagnosis, Challenges, and Strategies
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Treatment of Malocclusions: Diagnosis, Challenges, and Strategies

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 15563

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Roberta Lione

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: orthodontic therapy; early orthopedic treatment; clear aligners
Dr. Chiara Pavoni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: orthodontic therapy; early orthopedic treatment; clear aligners

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The present Special Issue will focus on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment for skeletal and dental malocclusion. Every successful orthodontic treatment begins with an accurate diagnosis, which requires an extensive assessment of the patient’s general situation and must consider objective and subjective aspects. Furthermore, orthodontic initial diagnosis has an important value in every treatment stage, because keeping in mind all the patient’s initial malocclusion problems, especially in complex and challenging cases, it allows clinicians to achieve a good treatment plan with a more predictable result. Recent technological innovations, such as digital dental casts, the use of digital dental set-ups to reproduce orthodontic treatment outcomes, and three-dimensional imaging have led to alternative options for patients and orthodontists. All these tools are crucial to successfully develop customized treatment planning based on a therapeutic strategy that offers the patient the maximum benefits with the minimum risks and costs. The final goal of a true orthodontic treatment cannot only be to achieve teeth alignment but should consist in solving different orthodontic problems, always keeping in mind the logical sequence of steps, starting from the list of initial problems to arrive at the final planning.

For further information, please visit the site https://www.mdpi.com/journal/life.

Dr. Roberta Lione
Dr. Chiara Pavoni
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • orthodontic diagnosis
  • early orthopedic treatment
  • clear aligners
  • functional treatment

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1531 KiB  
Article
Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Mandibular Symphysis Growth between 12 and 15 Years of Age in Class II Malocclusion Subjects
by Ferdinando Ruiz, Pietro Venezia, Vincenzo Ronsivalle, Calogero Lacagnina, Cristina Conforte, Gaetano Isola, Rosalia Leonardi and Antonino Lo Giudice
Life 2023, 13(2), 543; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020543 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1561
Abstract
The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the morphology changes of the mandibular symphysis (MS) in a longitudinal retrospective cohort of class II untreated subjects. The study sample included 120 subjects followed during normal growth and examined at the age of [...] Read more.
The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the morphology changes of the mandibular symphysis (MS) in a longitudinal retrospective cohort of class II untreated subjects. The study sample included 120 subjects followed during normal growth and examined at the age of 12 (T0) and 15 (T1) years. MS was traced using two landmarks and ten sliding semi-landmarks. The acquired morphological data were processed via Procrustes superimposition that allowed to study variation and covariation in MS’form according to specific variables such as age, gender, and skeletal pattern. The first two principal components (PCs) described more than 90 % of the total morphological variation. Both types of form changes of the symphysis could be associated with the different skeletal vertical growth patterns. Age and sex did not interfere with the form of chin symphysis. Moreover, there was no significant covariation between initial MS morphology and form modifications. Clinicians should not expect to be faced with spontaneous changes of the form of the symphysis during the orthodontic treatment of adolescents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Malocclusions: Diagnosis, Challenges, and Strategies)
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33 pages, 10473 KiB  
Article
Clear Aligners and Smart Eye Tracking Technology as a New Communication Strategy between Ethical and Legal Issues
by Alessandra Putrino, Enrico Marinelli, Mario Raso, Valeria Calace and Simona Zaami
Life 2023, 13(2), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020297 - 20 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2709
Abstract
Smart eye-tracking technology (SEET) that determines visual attention using smartphones can be used to determine the aesthetic perception of different types of clear aligners. Its value as a communication and comprehension tool, in addition to the ethical and legal concerns which it entails, [...] Read more.
Smart eye-tracking technology (SEET) that determines visual attention using smartphones can be used to determine the aesthetic perception of different types of clear aligners. Its value as a communication and comprehension tool, in addition to the ethical and legal concerns which it entails, can be assessed. One hundred subjects (50 F, 50 M; age range 15–70) were equally distributed in non-orthodontic (A) and orthodontic (B) groups. A smartphone-based SEET app assessed their knowledge of and opinions on aligners. Subjects evaluated images of smiles not wearing aligners, with/without attachments and with straight/scalloped gingival margins, as a guided calibration step which formed the image control group. Subsequently, the subjects rated the same smiles, this time wearing aligners (experimental images group). Questionnaire data and average values for each group of patients, and images relating to fixation times and overall star scores, were analyzed using these tests: chi-square, t-test, Mann–Whitney U, Spearman’s rho, and Wilcoxon (p < 0.05). One-way ANOVA and related post-hoc tests were also applied. Orthodontic patients were found to be better informed than non-orthodontic patients. Aesthetic perception could be swayed by several factors. Attachments scored lower in aesthetic evaluation. Lips distracted attention from attachments and improved evaluations. Attachment-free aligners were better rated overall. A more thorough understanding as to the opinions, expectations and aesthetic perception of aligners can improve communication with patients. Mobile SEET is remarkably promising, although it does require a careful medicolegal risk–benefit assessments for responsible and professional use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Malocclusions: Diagnosis, Challenges, and Strategies)
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12 pages, 652 KiB  
Article
Who Seeks Clear Aligner Therapy? A European Cross-National Real-World Data Analysis
by Martin Baxmann, Lan Huong Timm and Falk Schwendicke
Life 2023, 13(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010065 - 25 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3199
Abstract
A key step prior to clear aligner therapy (CAT) is the clinical examination and case selection, which includes understanding the specific orthodontic problem to be managed and the wider evaluation of oral health. Seeking CAT may further differ along sociodemographic parameters or across [...] Read more.
A key step prior to clear aligner therapy (CAT) is the clinical examination and case selection, which includes understanding the specific orthodontic problem to be managed and the wider evaluation of oral health. Seeking CAT may further differ along sociodemographic parameters or across countries, as may perceived orthodontic treatment needs and oral health. We aimed to characterize patients seeking CAT across five European countries. Anonymized real-life data from one large CAT provider (DrSmile, Berlin, Germany) was retrospectively sampled for the period 1 November 2021–31 December 2021. A total of 15,015 patients (68.4% females, 31.6% males, with an age range of 18–81 years, median 30.0 years) were included. The cross-national comparison revealed a significant difference in gender distribution (p < 0.001/Chi-square), with the highest proportion of males in Italy (434/1199, 36.2%) and the lowest in Poland (457/1600, 28.6%); generally, more females sought CAT. The largest motivational factor in all countries for seeking CAT was crowding, in both males and females. By and large, patients paid out of pocket for CAT. The prevalence of caries, periodontitis, and craniomandibular dysfunction as well as the numbers of missing teeth were generally low, albeit with significant differences between sociodemographic groups and countries for caries and periodontitis. Patients seeking CAT showed a low prevalence in oral conditions but differed in their sociodemographic characteristics across countries. Dentists and orthodontists should consider these country-specific differences when planning CAT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Malocclusions: Diagnosis, Challenges, and Strategies)
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13 pages, 3005 KiB  
Article
Periodontal and Orthodontic Synergy in the Management of Stage IV Periodontitis: Challenges, Indications and Limits
by Daniela Garbo, Mario Aimetti, Loretta Bongiovanni, Cristina Vidotto, Giulia Maria Mariani, Giacomo Baima and Federica Romano
Life 2022, 12(12), 2131; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122131 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3146
Abstract
This retrospective study described the clinical and radiographic long-term outcomes of combined periodontal and orthodontic treatment (OT) with fixed appliances in patients with Stage IV periodontitis and pathologic tooth migration (PTM) in the anterior sextants. OT was performed in either one or both [...] Read more.
This retrospective study described the clinical and radiographic long-term outcomes of combined periodontal and orthodontic treatment (OT) with fixed appliances in patients with Stage IV periodontitis and pathologic tooth migration (PTM) in the anterior sextants. OT was performed in either one or both arches, using tooth-supported or skeletal anchorage, following completion of active periodontal treatment and accurate planning of tooth movement biomechanics. Twenty-nine patients were identified and retrospectively examined when presenting for a supportive periodontal care (SPC) appointment. The mean SPC duration was 8.9 years (range 5 to 12 years). All anterior-migrated teeth showed statistically significant periodontal improvement compared to baseline values and stable radiographic bone levels at the final follow-up. Residual probing depths were 2.9 ± 0.5 mm at the end of active periodontal treatment, and they remained stable at the completion of OT (2.9 ± 0.6 mm) and at the last follow-up visit (2.8 ± 0.5 mm). These findings suggest that OT is a safe and effective treatment in improving the long-term prognosis of teeth with PTM in Stage IV periodontitis provided that periodontal health has been re-established and maintained with individualized SPC sessions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Malocclusions: Diagnosis, Challenges, and Strategies)
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9 pages, 1057 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Maxillary First Molar Derotation with Invisalign Clear Aligners in Permanent Dentition
by Roberta Lione, Valeria Paoloni, Francesca Chiara De Razza, Chiara Pavoni and Paola Cozza
Life 2022, 12(10), 1495; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12101495 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4093
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the distal rotation of mesial rotated maxillary first permanent molars in a sample of Class II dental malocclusion adult patients treated with Invisalign Clear Aligners (CA). Forty patients (20 males, 20 females, 22.4 ± 3.9 [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to examine the distal rotation of mesial rotated maxillary first permanent molars in a sample of Class II dental malocclusion adult patients treated with Invisalign Clear Aligners (CA). Forty patients (20 males, 20 females, 22.4 ± 3.9 years) were included in the study sample (Department of Orthodontics of University of Rome “Tor Vergata”). Inclusion criteria were: Caucasian ancestry, complete permanent dentition with fully erupted upper second molars, Class II molar relationship, absence of tooth or craniofacial anomalies or caries and periodontal diseases. Pre-treatment (T1), post-treatment (T2) digital casts, and final ClinCheck simulation models (T2CC) were analysed. To measure the rotation of maxillary first molars, Henry’s angle (H°) was evaluated. Maxillary first molars with an H° > 11° were considered mesio-rotated (in total 59 teeth). The treatment CA protocol included disto-rotation without distalization movements. At T1, T2 and T2CC five measurements on the collected dental casts were analysed: Henry’s angle (H°); mesial buccal expansion (ME); distal buccal expansion (DE); mesial buccal sagittal (MS); and distal buccal sagittal (DS). A comparison between the results of T2-T1 and T2CC-T2 was performed using a paired t-test. The differences between T2-T1 highlighted a significant distal rotation of the maxillary first molars (−7.4°) and an expansion movement of 2.20 mm for ME and 1.50 mm for DE. In the post-treatment, the mesial buccal cusps shifted of 1.0 mm, while the distal buccal cusps showed a distal movement of 0.9 mm. Analysing the H° comparison between T2CC-T2, the difference was −1.1°. The T2CC-T2 comparison in the sagittal plane showed a difference of 0.9 mm for the MS and 0.7 mm for the DS. The accuracy was 82% for molar derotation movement. In conclusion, CA provides the upper arch expansion associated with the upper first molars’ distal rotation. These movements provide 2 mm of improvement in arch perimeter and molar intercuspation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Malocclusions: Diagnosis, Challenges, and Strategies)
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