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Machines
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Cutting Tools: Materials, Development and Performance
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Cutting Tools: Materials, Development and Performance

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Material Processing Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 14996

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mirosław Rucki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Mechanical Science, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: machining; metrology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Edwin Gevorkyan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Technology of Materials, Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, Kharkiv 61050, Ukraine
Interests: ceramics; ceramic materials; advanced materials; composite materials; mechanical engineering; materials engineering; cutting tools

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, requirements regarding machining accuracy have increased, and engineers are forced to consider also increasing cost efficiency; time and energy saving; as well as processing and post-processing environmental issues. Additional issues are related to new advanced materials (usually difficult-to-cut materials) that need to be machined. To satisfy all these requirements, there is a need to fabricate cutting tools of enhanced strength, thermal stability and durability, produced with greener technologies and which are easily recyclable. Thus, there is a scientific and commercial interest in obtaining an in-depth understanding of fabrication processes for cutting tools, their structure formation at micro- and nanoscale, and their further characteristics. In this context, this Special Issue of Machines invites high-quality research papers related to the topic of cutting tools, in particular:

  • Energy- and resource-saving technologies for cutting tools fabrication;
  • Powder metallurgy, including the synthesis of starting powders designed for the sintering of cutting inserts;
  • Development of new materials for cutting tools, including ceramics, cermets, composites, etc., including machinery for their manufacturing;
  • Theoretical and experimental research on process-dependent structure formation at micro- and nanoscale;
  • Surface engineering methods for cutting tools;
  • Characterization of cutting tools performance (durability, cutting accuracy, surface integrity, wear mechanisms, etc.);
  • Environmental issues such as EoL (end of life), sustainability, avoidance of pollution, and energy and resource efficiency.

Dr. Mirosław Rucki
Dr. Edwin Gevorkyan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Machines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • machining
  • cutting tool
  • durability
  • ceramics
  • composites
  • structure formation
  • accuracy

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4221 KiB  
Article
Calculations on Enhancement of Polycrystalline Diamond Bits through Addition of Superhard Diamond-Reinforced Elements
by Boranbay Ratov, Miroslaw Rucki, Boris Fedorov, Edvin Hevorkian, Zbigniew Siemiatkowski, Samal Muratova, Elmira Omirzakova, Aidar Kuttybayev, Vladimir Mechnik and Nikolai Bondarenko
Machines 2023, 11(4), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11040453 - 3 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1991
Abstract
The paper is dedicated to the enhancement of Polycrystalline Diamond Bits (PDC) designed for oil and gas industry. A novel diamond-reinforced composite was applied for cutting inserts, with the addition of 4 wt% chromium diboride to the WC-Co matrix. The addition of CrB [...] Read more.
The paper is dedicated to the enhancement of Polycrystalline Diamond Bits (PDC) designed for oil and gas industry. A novel diamond-reinforced composite was applied for cutting inserts, with the addition of 4 wt% chromium diboride to the WC-Co matrix. The addition of CrB2 ensured improvement of bending strength and fracture toughness by nearly 30% and 40%, respectively, and enhanced the diamond retention force. The efficiency of PDC bits was further improved by incorporating constructional features in both bottomhole and reaming parts. An analytical relationship between the feeding speed and geometrical parameters was found, including the wings and calibrating inserts numbers, as well as the rotational speed of the cutter. Under the conditions of rock fracture by reaming inserts, the approximate value of the required power was calculated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Tools: Materials, Development and Performance)
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19 pages, 15184 KiB  
Article
Advanced Machining of Joint Implant UHMWPE Inserts
by Miroslav Piska and Katerina Urbancova
Machines 2022, 10(11), 1008; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10111008 - 1 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2316
Abstract
The modern orthopaedic implants for applications in hips, knees, shoulders, and spines are composed of hard metal alloys or ceramics and a tribological sub-component that is made of soft materials, with good frictional properties—e.g., UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecule Weight Polyethylene). The UHMWPE implants [...] Read more.
The modern orthopaedic implants for applications in hips, knees, shoulders, and spines are composed of hard metal alloys or ceramics and a tribological sub-component that is made of soft materials, with good frictional properties—e.g., UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecule Weight Polyethylene). The UHMWPE implants need to be machined into their final shape after the polymerization and consolidation into a blank profile or near net shaped implant. Thus, machining is a crucial technology that can generate an accurate and precise shape of the implant that should comply with the joints’ function. However, the machining technology can affect the topography and integrity of the surface, transmitted stresses, and resistance to wear. Technology, cutting tools, and cutting conditions can have an impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the entire implant and its longevity. This paper shows an effective and competitive technology for acquiring high-quality insert shape, dimensions, and surface, needed especially for customized implants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Tools: Materials, Development and Performance)
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15 pages, 5122 KiB  
Article
Properties of Cutting Tool Composite Material Diamond–(Fe–Ni–Cu–Sn) Reinforced with Nano-VN
by Athanasios Mamalis, Vladimir Mechnik, Dmitrij Morozow, Boranbay Ratov, Vasyl Kolodnitskyi, Waldemar Samociuk and Nikolai Bondarenko
Machines 2022, 10(6), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10060410 - 24 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3298
Abstract
The study is devoted to structure and mechanical properties of a diamond composite used for manufacturing of cutting tools applied in a wide range of technological fields. The sample tools were fabricated by cold-pressing technology followed by hot-pressing in vacuum of the 51Fe–32Cu–9Ni–8Sn [...] Read more.
The study is devoted to structure and mechanical properties of a diamond composite used for manufacturing of cutting tools applied in a wide range of technological fields. The sample tools were fabricated by cold-pressing technology followed by hot-pressing in vacuum of the 51Fe–32Cu–9Ni–8Sn matrix mixture with diamond bits, both in absence and presence of nano-VN additives. It was demonstrated that without VN addition, the diamond–matrix interface contained voids and discontinuities. Nanodispersed VN added to the matrix resulted in the formation of a more fine-grained structure consisting of solid solutions composed of iron, copper, nickel, vanadium and tin in different ratios and the formation of a tight diamond–matrix zone with no visible voids, discontinuities and other defects. Optimal concentrations of VN in the CDM matrix were found achieving the maximum values of nanohardness H = 7.8 GPa, elastic modulus E = 213 GPa, resistance to elastic deformation expressed by ratio H/E = 0.0366, plastic deformation resistance H3/E2 = 10.46 MPa, ultimate flexural strength Rbm = 1110 MPa, and compressive strength Rcm = 1410 MPa. As-prepared Fe–Cu–Ni–Sn–VN composites with enhanced physical and mechanical properties are suitable for cutting tools of increased durability and improved performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Tools: Materials, Development and Performance)
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25 pages, 8336 KiB  
Article
Surface Roughness Improvement by Sliding Friction Burnishing of Parts Produced by Selective Laser Melting of Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy
by Gyula Varga, Gergely Dezső and Ferenc Szigeti
Machines 2022, 10(5), 400; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10050400 - 20 May 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3390
Abstract
Selective laser melting is a frequently used, powder bed fusion additive manufacturing technology for producing metallic parts. However, appropriate surface quality cannot be achieved, so post-processing is often necessary. Subsequent machining of surfaces serves multiple objectives such as improvement of dimensional accuracy, changing [...] Read more.
Selective laser melting is a frequently used, powder bed fusion additive manufacturing technology for producing metallic parts. However, appropriate surface quality cannot be achieved, so post-processing is often necessary. Subsequent machining of surfaces serves multiple objectives such as improvement of dimensional accuracy, changing surface roughness and modification of the residual stress state for higher surface hardness. Beyond its several advantageous properties, Ti6Al4V material has, as its weaknesses, low tribological behavior and wear resistance. Sliding friction burnishing is a conventional chipless and coolant-free environmentally conscious technology for surface modification that is appropriate for simultaneously decreasing surface roughness and increasing surface hardness. Until now, there has been a research gap regarding the diamond burnishing of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V parts. In this study, we investigated how the surface roughness of selective laser melted parts can be modified via sliding friction burnishing. 2D and 3D characteristics of surface roughness were measured by a chromatic roughness measuring device. Indices of surface roughness improvement were defined and studied as a function of selective laser melting parameters. Optimal manufacturing parameters of laser power—P = 280 W and scanning speed u = 1200 mm/s—for effective surface improvement via burnishing are proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Tools: Materials, Development and Performance)
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19 pages, 2252 KiB  
Article
Application of a Robust Decision-Making Rule for Comprehensive Assessment of Laser Cutting Conditions and Performance
by Miloš Madić, Goran Petrović, Dušan Petković, Jurgita Antucheviciene and Dragan Marinković
Machines 2022, 10(2), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10020153 - 18 Feb 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2542
Abstract
Laser cutting parameters synergistically affect, although in different quantitative and qualitative manners, multiple process performances, such as the resulting cut quality characteristics, material removal rate, cutting time, and costs, and the determination of the most appropriate laser cutting conditions for a given application [...] Read more.
Laser cutting parameters synergistically affect, although in different quantitative and qualitative manners, multiple process performances, such as the resulting cut quality characteristics, material removal rate, cutting time, and costs, and the determination of the most appropriate laser cutting conditions for a given application is of prime importance. Given the existence of multiple mutually opposite performances, assessment and laser cutting conditions and performance can be considered a multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. In order to overcome the possible inconsistency of rankings determined by different MCDM methods while solving the same decision-making problem, the present study promotes a novel methodology for the assessment and selection of laser cutting conditions by developing a robust decision-making rule (RDMR) that combines different decision-making rules from six MCDM methods and Taguchi’s principles of robust design. In order to illustrate the application of the proposed methodology, CO2 laser cutting in a stainless-steel experiment, based on the use of the Box–Behnken design, was conducted. On the basis of the experimental results, a comprehensive laser cutting MCDM model was developed with seven criteria related to cut quality (i.e., kerf geometry and cut surface), productivity, variable costs, and environmental aspects. It was observed that there was no laser cutting condition that could be considered as the best regime with respect to the different laser cutting process performances. Kendall’s and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients indicated a certain level of disagreement among the resulting rankings of the laser cutting conditions produced by the considered MCDM methods, whereas the application of the proposed RDMR ensured the highest level of ranking consistency. Some possibilities for modeling of RDMR and its further use for the assessment of arbitrarily chosen laser cutting conditions and the use of the derived model to perform sensitivity analysis for determining the most influential laser cutting parameters are also discussed and addressed. It was observed that laser cutting parameters in different laser cutting conditions may have a variable effect on the resulting overall process performances. The comparison of the obtained results and the results determined by classical desirability-based multi-objective optimization revealed that there exists substantial agreement between the most preferable and least preferable laser cutting conditions, thus justifying the applied methodology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Tools: Materials, Development and Performance)
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