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Marine Antioxidants 2026

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 3574

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
Interests: antioxidant enzymes; glutathione; ovothiol; marine natural products
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antioxidants are powerful reducing molecules that help neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), harmful byproducts of oxidative metabolism. When ROS levels spike due to stress, alcohol, smoking, ultraviolet radiation exposure, or environmental pollution, they damage DNA, proteins, and lipids, contributing to aging, chronic diseases, heart and liver failure, and even some types of cancers. Our body has several defense systems to balance oxidative stress, such as antioxidant enzymes, glutathione, or nutrients like vitamins C and E, selenium, polyphenols, and other small thiols.

Marine organisms are a rich and untapped source of natural antioxidants with diverse bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Recent advances in genetic engineering and synthetic biology have also favored the development of more efficient systems, such as engineered microalgae, to enhance the yield and sustainability of marine natural products, offering eco-friendly alternatives to traditional ones.

This Special Issue invites contributions that explore the discovery of novel marine natural antioxidants and their biosynthesis. We encourage studies on genetic manipulation, bioprocess optimization, and the functional characterization of these novel antioxidants for several applications, from dietary supplements to pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. Research integrating genetics, biochemistry, and cellular biology to deepen the biological properties and applications of marine antioxidants is especially welcome.

Prof. Dr. Immacolata Castellano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine compounds
  • antioxidants
  • biosynthesis
  • marine-inspired products
  • oxidative stress

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 3262 KB  
Article
Thiol-Associated Antioxidant Activity of Recombinant Mussel Foot Protein Mfp6-1 Supports Cutaneous Wound Repair in a Murine Model
by Zi-Jun Li, Kun-Cheng Wang, Zhi-Ming Shen, Yu-Qing Wang and Yi-Feng Li
Mar. Drugs 2026, 24(5), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/md24050157 - 29 Apr 2026
Viewed by 806
Abstract
Mussel foot proteins (Mfps) are renowned for their underwater adhesion, whereas their biotechnological potential for cutaneous wound repair remains largely underexplored. In this study, we identified and characterized a cysteine-rich mussel foot protein, Mfp6-1, from Mytilus coruscus and investigated its therapeutic potential for [...] Read more.
Mussel foot proteins (Mfps) are renowned for their underwater adhesion, whereas their biotechnological potential for cutaneous wound repair remains largely underexplored. In this study, we identified and characterized a cysteine-rich mussel foot protein, Mfp6-1, from Mytilus coruscus and investigated its therapeutic potential for wound healing. Sequence analysis showed that Mfp6-1 is enriched in cysteine (11.0%) and tyrosine (~16.5%). We successfully expressed recombinant Mfp6-1 (rMfp6-1) in E. coli. Structural prediction based on the mature peptide sequence suggested that rMfp6-1 adopts a relatively compact fold containing several short β-structural elements. In vitro assays demonstrated that rMfp6-1 possesses antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and alkylation experiments suggested that cysteine residues contribute importantly to this activity. Dithio-bis-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB)-based thiol quantification further demonstrated that rMfp6-1 contained abundant accessible free sulfhydryl groups, supporting an important contribution of cysteine-derived thiols to its antioxidant activity. Experiments on a full-thickness mouse wound model showed that rMfp6-1 treatment resulted in significantly faster wound contraction. Morphological analysis further revealed that rMfp6-1 optimizes the healing microenvironment by promoting collagen accumulation and re-epithelialization. Additionally, the treatment was found to trigger vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis, thereby improving the overall quality of the regenerated tissue. Furthermore, rMfp6-1 treatment significantly reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression, suggesting that its antioxidant capacity creates a permissive microenvironment for tissue regeneration by suppressing excessive inflammation. These findings indicate that recombinant rMfp6-1 is a promising bioactive candidate for wound-healing applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Antioxidants 2026)
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18 pages, 1349 KB  
Article
Enzymatic Spirulina Extract Enhances the Vasodilation in Aorta and Mesenteric Arteries of Aged Rats
by Michal S. Majewski, Mercedes Klett-Mingo, Carlos M. Verdasco-Martín, Cristina Otero and Mercedes Ferrer
Mar. Drugs 2025, 23(10), 395; https://doi.org/10.3390/md23100395 - 8 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1224
Abstract
Aging, one of the main factors associated with cardiovascular diseases, induces vascular modifications through nitric oxide (NO) release and oxidative stress. Based on the antioxidant properties of the non-enzymatic spirulina extract (non-Enz-Spir-E) and that degrading enzymes enhances the extract bioactivity, the aim of [...] Read more.
Aging, one of the main factors associated with cardiovascular diseases, induces vascular modifications through nitric oxide (NO) release and oxidative stress. Based on the antioxidant properties of the non-enzymatic spirulina extract (non-Enz-Spir-E) and that degrading enzymes enhances the extract bioactivity, the aim of this study was to analyze the in vitro effect of an Alcalase-assisted Enz-Spir-E on the vasodilator function of conduit and resistance arteries (which differently contribute to blood pressure regulation) in aging. Therefore, thoracic aorta (TA) and mesenteric arteries (MA) from male Sprague–Dawley rats (20–22 months-old) were divided into two groups: non-incubated vessels and vessels exposed to Enz-Spir-E (0.1% w/v) for 3 h. The vasodilation to acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor), carbon-monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM), and cromakalim (a potassium channel opener), as well as NO and superoxide anion production, were studied. Enz-Spir-E increased the ACh-, SNP-, and CORM-induced responses in both types of arteries, while the cromalakim-induced relaxation was increased only in MA. Enz-Spir-E increased NO release (TA: 5.69-fold; MA: 1.79-fold), while it reduced superoxide anion formation (TA: 0.52-fold; MA: 0.66-fold). These results indicate that Enz-Spir-E improves aging-associated vasodilation through increasing NO release/bioavailability in both types of arteries and hyperpolarizing mechanisms only in MA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Antioxidants 2026)
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Review

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33 pages, 17563 KB  
Review
Marine Bioactives in Liver Aging: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Potential
by Ricardo Moreno Traspas and Zachariah Tman
Mar. Drugs 2026, 24(4), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/md24040138 - 15 Apr 2026
Viewed by 933
Abstract
The liver is a central regulator of systemic metabolism and exhibits exceptional regenerative capacity, yet aging progressively impairs hepatic resilience through metabolic dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic instability, and chronic inflammation. Marine ecosystems constitute a vast and underexplored source of structurally diverse bioactive compounds [...] Read more.
The liver is a central regulator of systemic metabolism and exhibits exceptional regenerative capacity, yet aging progressively impairs hepatic resilience through metabolic dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic instability, and chronic inflammation. Marine ecosystems constitute a vast and underexplored source of structurally diverse bioactive compounds that have evolved to modulate conserved stress response and homeostatic pathways. This review synthesizes current preclinical evidence demonstrating how marine-derived metabolites target key molecular axes implicated in liver aging, including energy sensing, redox balance, mitochondrial quality control, inflammatory signaling, and chromatin-associated regulation. Rather than focusing solely on isolated hepatoprotective effects, we frame marine bioactives within an aging biology perspective, highlighting their ability to modulate pathways associated with cellular plasticity and resilience. We further propose that this mechanistic convergence provides a theoretical framework for exploring marine compounds as potential adjunctive modulators within emerging, experimental liver rejuvenation strategies, including partial cellular reprogramming approaches that require coordinated metabolic and epigenetic control. While acknowledging that direct reversal of liver aging remains to be clinically established, integrating marine chemodiversity with contemporary aging and regenerative biology outlines a conceptual roadmap for developing liver-directed interventions targeting aging-related vulnerability as a fundamental driver of disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Antioxidants 2026)
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