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Marine Drugs
Special Issues
Photoprotective Compounds from Marine Organisms
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Photoprotective Compounds from Marine Organisms

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine-Derived Ingredients for Drugs, Cosmeceuticals and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 8057

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Immacolata Castellano

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Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: discovery of marine sulfur-containing histidine activities; evolution of natural products biosynthesis; anti-oxidant activities; enzyme target characterization; molecular mechanisms underpinning the response and adaptation of organisms to the marine environment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Elisabetta Damiani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Ancona, Italy
Interests: synthetic and natural antioxidants; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; UV-induced damage; photoprotection; sunscreens; epigenetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, anthropogenic pressure has been increasing worldwide, leading to urgent environmental concerns, such as global warming, ocean acidification, plastic pollution, and the progressive thinning of the ozone layer, which acts as a filter for ultraviolet radiation, completely absorbing the UV-C component and 90% of UV-B rays. Prolonged exposure to UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (280–320 nm) radiation may be dangerous for human skin and health, resulting in acute and/or chronic effects. UVA rays, in particular, reach the earth’s surface and may lead to serious damage in living organisms due to their ability to penetrate the dermal skin layers, causing skin photo-aging and photo-carcinogenesis, mainly through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, UVA rays can penetrate the ocean to a depth of 50–70 m in most oligotrophic waters, thus representing a significant threat to aquatic life as well. Marine organisms have evolved several molecular strategies to counteract the harmful effects of UV radiation. These include the biosynthesis of UV-absorbing compounds, such as scytonemins in cyanobacteria, mycosporines, mycosporine-like amino acids, carotenoids in microalgae, melanin in marine invertebrates, and other anti-oxidant molecules to scavenge ROS. Natural compounds have great potential for the development of novel UV filters to be incorporated into sunscreen products or antiaging creams, aiming to reduce photo-oxidative damage. Recent investigations have shown that some traditional UV filters and other ingredients (e.g., preservatives and antioxidants) might have toxic effects on both humans and marine life. This evidence has stimulated new research on alternative and eco-friendly photo-protective compounds from marine organisms, with the aim of responding to the increased consumer demand for novel cosmetics endowed with lightening, anti-free radical, anti-wrinkle, and UV-protective properties.

In this Special Issue, researchers are invited to provide recent original articles on different aspects related to the discovery and biological activity of marine-derived photo-protective and anti-aging compounds, their functional and ecological role, and their potential applications as active ingredients in health and beauty care products.

Prof. Dr. Immacolata Castellano
Dr. Elisabetta Damiani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine organisms
  • photoprotection
  • marine natural products
  • UV-absorbing compounds
  • antioxidants

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1771 KiB  
Article
Insights on the UV-Screening Potential of Marine-Inspired Thiol Compounds
by Alessia Luccarini, Annalisa Zuccarotto, Roberta Galeazzi, Camilla Morresi, Mariorosario Masullo, Immacolata Castellano and Elisabetta Damiani
Mar. Drugs 2024, 22(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/md22010002 - 19 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1688
Abstract
One of the major threats to skin aging and the risk of developing skin cancer is excessive exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The use of sunscreens containing different synthetic, organic, and inorganic UVR filters is one of the most widespread defensive [...] Read more.
One of the major threats to skin aging and the risk of developing skin cancer is excessive exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The use of sunscreens containing different synthetic, organic, and inorganic UVR filters is one of the most widespread defensive measures. However, increasing evidence suggests that some of these compounds are potentially eco-toxic, causing subtle damage to the environment and to marine ecosystems. Resorting to natural products produced in a wide range of marine species to counteract UVR-mediated damage could be an alternative strategy. The present work investigates marine-inspired thiol compounds, derivatives of ovothiol A, isolated from marine invertebrates and known to exhibit unique antioxidant properties. However, their potential use as photoprotective molecules for biocompatible sunscreens and anti-photo aging formulations has not yet been investigated. Here, we report on the UVR absorption properties, photostability, and in vitro UVA shielding activities of two synthetic ovothiol derivatives, 5-thiohistidine and iso-ovothiol A, by spectrophotometric and fluorimetric analysis. We found that the UVA properties of these compounds increase upon exposure to UVA and that their absorption activity is able to screen UVA rays, thus reducing the oxidative damage induced to proteins and lipids. The results of this work demonstrate that these novel marine-inspired compounds could represent an alternative eco-friendly approach for UVR skin protection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoprotective Compounds from Marine Organisms)
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15 pages, 2054 KiB  
Article
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Novel Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from the Two Intertidal Red Macroalgae Bostrychia scorpioides and Catenella caespitosa
by Maria Orfanoudaki, Mostafa Alilou, Anja Hartmann, Julia Mayr, Ulf Karsten, Hieu Nguyen-Ngoc and Markus Ganzera
Mar. Drugs 2023, 21(10), 543; https://doi.org/10.3390/md21100543 - 18 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1355
Abstract
This study presents a phytochemical survey of two common intertidal red algal species, Bostrychia scorpioides and Catenella caespitosa, regarding their MAA (mycosporine-like amino acid) composition, which are known as biogenic sunscreen compounds. Six novel MAAs from Bostrychia scorpioides named bostrychines and two [...] Read more.
This study presents a phytochemical survey of two common intertidal red algal species, Bostrychia scorpioides and Catenella caespitosa, regarding their MAA (mycosporine-like amino acid) composition, which are known as biogenic sunscreen compounds. Six novel MAAs from Bostrychia scorpioides named bostrychines and two novel MAAs from Catenella caespitosa named catenellines were isolated using a protocol which included silica gel column chromatography, flash chromatography on reversed phase material and semipreparative HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography). The structure of the novel MAAs was elucidated using NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and HR-MS (High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry), and their absolute configuration was confirmed by ECD (Electronic Circular Dichroism). All isolated MAAs possess a cyclohexenimine scaffold, and the metabolites from B. scorpioides are related to the known MAAs bostrychines A-F, which contain glutamine, glutamic acid and/or threonine in their side chains. The new MAAs from C. caespitosa contain taurine, an amino sulfonic acid that is also present in another MAA isolated from this species, namely, catenelline. Previous and new data confirm that intertidal red algae are chemically rich in MAAs, which explains their high tolerance against biologically harmful ultraviolet radiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoprotective Compounds from Marine Organisms)
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17 pages, 4162 KiB  
Article
The Anti-Photoaging Activity of Peptides from Pinctada martensii Meat
by Mengfen Wei, Huamai Qiu, Jie Zhou, Chenghao Yang, Yifan Chen and Lijun You
Mar. Drugs 2022, 20(12), 770; https://doi.org/10.3390/md20120770 - 8 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1866
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ultraviolet-B (UVB) can cause photoaging. Peptides from Pinctada martensii meat have been shown to have anti-photoaging activities, but their mechanism of action is rarely studied. In this study, Pinctada martensii meat hydrolysates (PME) were prepared by digestive enzymes and then [...] Read more.
Long-term exposure to ultraviolet-B (UVB) can cause photoaging. Peptides from Pinctada martensii meat have been shown to have anti-photoaging activities, but their mechanism of action is rarely studied. In this study, Pinctada martensii meat hydrolysates (PME) were prepared by digestive enzymes and then separated by ultrafiltration and Sephadex G-25 gel filtration chromatography to obtain a purified fraction (G2). The fraction G2 was identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), and peptide sequences were synthesized by solid-phase synthesis. The mechanism of anti-photoaging activities was investigated using a human immortalised epidermal (HaCaT) cell model. Results showed that peptides from Pinctada martensii meat increased UVB-induced cell viability and reduced the contents of interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) and matrix lysing enzyme (MMP-3) in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, the fraction of G2 significantly downregulated the expression of p38, EKR, JNK, MMP-1, and MMP-3 in HaCaT cells. The peptide sequences Phe-His (FH), Ala-Leu (AL), Met-Tyr (MY), Ala-Gly-Phe (AGF), and Ile-Tyr-Pro (IYP) were identified and synthesized. Besides, FH reduced the contents of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in HaCaT cells, combining them effectively in molecular docking analysis. Thus, peptides from Pinctada martensii meat showed anti-photoaging activities and might have the potential to be used as an anti-photoaging agent in functional foods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoprotective Compounds from Marine Organisms)
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10 pages, 2757 KiB  
Article
Enzyme-Treated Caviar Prevents UVB Irradiation-Induced Skin Photoaging
by Jeongjin Park, Dakyung Kim, Minhee Lee, Sangshin Han, Woojin Jun, Hyun Mook Jung, Yean Kyoung Koo, Gwi Hwan Na, Sang Hun Han, Jehee Han and Ok-Kyung Kim
Mar. Drugs 2022, 20(11), 685; https://doi.org/10.3390/md20110685 - 30 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2453
Abstract
For this research article, we investigated the protective effects of enzyme-treated caviar powder extract (CV) in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated hairless mice and keratinocytes by confirming moisturizing-related factors and elasticity-related factors. UVB irradiation induced wrinkle formation, dehydration, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the dorsal [...] Read more.
For this research article, we investigated the protective effects of enzyme-treated caviar powder extract (CV) in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated hairless mice and keratinocytes by confirming moisturizing-related factors and elasticity-related factors. UVB irradiation induced wrinkle formation, dehydration, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the dorsal skin of mice; however, these were suppressed in the CV-supplemented groups in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Furthermore, in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes, CV treatment increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and the levels of sphingomyelin and hyaluronic acid and decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of IkB-α and p65 phosphorylation. These findings indicate that CV can directly protect keratinocytes against UVB irradiation-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, we suggest that CV can protect against UVB-induced skin photoaging. Therefore, we suggest that caviar is effective for skin health by preventing UVB-induced skin photoaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoprotective Compounds from Marine Organisms)
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