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Marine Drugs
Special Issues
High-Value Compounds from Marine Unutilized Resources
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High-Value Compounds from Marine Unutilized Resources

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine-Derived Ingredients for Drugs, Cosmeceuticals and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 7477

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Deepika Dave

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Marine Institute, Centre for Aquaculture and Seafood Development, Memorial University of Newfoundland and St. John's, St. John's, NL A1C 5R3, Canada
2. Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
Interests: upstream bioprocessing; downstream bioprocessing; high-pressure processing (HPP); seafood processing and utilization; drying; recovery of high-value compounds (e.g., chitin/chitosan, astaxanthin, phenolics, omega-3 fatty acids, collagen, high value proteins, and peptides) from marine wastes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Fereidoon Shahidi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
Interests: antioxidants; radical scavenging; phenolic and polyphenolic compounds; oxidation control; disease risk reduction; bioactivity; health benefits; action mechanism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,               

It is our great pleasure to introduce this Special Issue entitled “High-Value Compounds from Marine Unutilized Resources”. According to the FAO, marine byproducts represent up to 70% of the whole fish/animal that are often discarded. However, such byproducts serve as a good source of valuable biomolecules. Irregular dumping of such processing discards also creates environmental concerns if dumped irregularly in the oceans or in landfills. Hence, processing discards become a significant challenge for processing plants and hold a greater potential to serve as a source of high-value components in functional food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical sectors. Due to the rich biochemical constituents and multiple health benefits of marine byproducts, more and more in-depth research has been carried out in recent years. Therefore, the focus of this Special Issue is to highlight the utilization of marine wastes as value-added products, focusing on their use in innovative manners or via extraction, identification, isolation, and characterization of high-value compounds and study of their beneficial effects on human health, food preservation, and cosmeceutical product formulation in order to ensure full utilization of resources in a circular economy. We cordially invite you to submit your original research or comprehensive review articles related to beneficial compounds of marine unutilized resources. 

Dr. Deepika Dave
Prof. Dr. Fereidoon Shahidi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine waste
  • marine byproducts
  • marine processing discards
  • marine bioactive compounds
  • health benefits
  • food preservation
  • functional food
  • nutraceutical
  • pharmaceutical
  • cosmeceutical

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 826 KiB  
Article
Sequential Extraction of Valuable Bio-Products from Snow Crab (Chionoecetes opilio) Processing Discards Using Eco-Friendly Methods
by Heather J. Burke and Francesca Kerton
Mar. Drugs 2023, 21(6), 366; https://doi.org/10.3390/md21060366 - 20 Jun 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2153
Abstract
Green extraction methods using a combination of mechanical, enzymatic, and green chemical treatments were evaluated for the sequential extraction of carotenoid pigments, protein, and chitin from crab processing discards. Key objectives included avoiding the use of hazardous chemical solvents, conducting as close to [...] Read more.
Green extraction methods using a combination of mechanical, enzymatic, and green chemical treatments were evaluated for the sequential extraction of carotenoid pigments, protein, and chitin from crab processing discards. Key objectives included avoiding the use of hazardous chemical solvents, conducting as close to a 100% green extraction as possible, and developing simple processes to facilitate implementation into processing plants without the need for complicated and expensive equipment. Three crab bio-products were obtained: pigmented vegetable oil, pigmented protein powder, and chitin. Carotenoid extractions were performed using vegetable oils (corn, canola, and sunflower oils), giving between 24.85% and 37.93% astaxanthin recovery. Citric acid was used to demineralize the remaining material and afforded a pigmented protein powder. Three different proteases were used to deproteinate and isolate chitin in yields between 17.06% and 19.15%. The chitin was still highly colored and therefore decolorization was attempted using hydrogen peroxide. Characterization studies were conducted on each of the crab bio-products isolated including powder X-ray diffraction analysis on the chitin (80.18% crystallinity index, CI, achieved using green methods). Overall, three valuable bio-products could be obtained but further research is needed to obtain pigment-free chitin in an environmentally friendly manner. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Value Compounds from Marine Unutilized Resources)
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16 pages, 2380 KiB  
Article
High Solubility and Bioavailability of Lobster Shell-Derived Calcium for Significantly Proliferating Bone and Skin Cells In Vitro
by Trung T. Nguyen, Thanh Hoang, Tuyet Pham, Vi Khanh Truong, Xuan Luo, Jian Qin and Wei Zhang
Mar. Drugs 2023, 21(6), 358; https://doi.org/10.3390/md21060358 - 11 Jun 2023
Viewed by 2423
Abstract
Shell wastes pose environmental and financial burdens to the shellfish industry. Utilizing these undervalued shells for commercial chitin production could minimize their adverse impacts while maximizing economic value. Shell chitin conventionally produced through harsh chemical processes is environmentally unfriendly and infeasible for recovering [...] Read more.
Shell wastes pose environmental and financial burdens to the shellfish industry. Utilizing these undervalued shells for commercial chitin production could minimize their adverse impacts while maximizing economic value. Shell chitin conventionally produced through harsh chemical processes is environmentally unfriendly and infeasible for recovering compatible proteins and minerals for value-added products. However, we recently developed a microwave-intensified biorefinery that efficiently produced chitin, proteins/peptides, and minerals from lobster shells. Lobster minerals have a calcium-rich composition and biologically originated calcium is more biofunctional for use as a functional, dietary, or nutraceutical ingredient in many commercial products. This has suggested a further investigation of lobster minerals for commercial applications. In this study, the nutritional attributes, functional properties, nutraceutical effects, and cytotoxicity of lobster minerals were analyzed using in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion combined with growing bone (MG-63), skin (HaCaT), and macrophage (THP-1) cells. The calcium from the lobster minerals was found to be comparable to that of a commercial calcium supplement (CCS, 139 vs. 148 mg/g). In addition, beef incorporated with lobster minerals (2%, w/w) retained water better than that of casein and commercial calcium lactate (CCL, 21.1 vs. 15.1 and 13.3%), and the lobster mineral had a considerably higher oil binding capacity than its rivals (casein and CCL, 2.5 vs. 1.5 and 1.0 mL/g). Notably, the lobster mineral and its calcium were far more soluble than the CCS (98.4 vs. 18.6% for the products and 64.0 vs. 8.5% for their calcium) while the in vitro bioavailability of lobster calcium was 5.9-fold higher compared to that of the commercial product (11.95 vs. 1.99%). Furthermore, supplementing lobster minerals in media at ratios of 15%, 25%, and 35% (v/v) when growing cells did not induce any detectable changes in cell morphology and apoptosis. However, it had significant effects on cell growth and proliferation. The responses of cells after three days of culture supplemented with the lobster minerals, compared to the CCS supplementation, were significantly better with the bone cells (MG-63) and competitively quick with the skin cells (HaCaT). The cell growth reached 49.9–61.6% for the MG-63 and 42.9–53.4% for the HaCaT. Furthermore, the MG-63 and HaCaT cells proliferated considerably after seven days of incubation, reaching 100.3% for MG-63 and 115.9% for HaCaT with a lobster mineral supplementation of 15%. Macrophages (THP-1 cells) treated for 24 h with lobster minerals at concentrations of 1.24–2.89 mg/mL had no detectable changes in cell morphology while their viability was over 82.2%, far above the cytotoxicity threshold (<70%). All these results indicate that lobster minerals could be used as a source of functional or nutraceutical calcium for commercial products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Value Compounds from Marine Unutilized Resources)
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11 pages, 624 KiB  
Article
Mineral Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Capacity of Protein Hydrolysates from Salmon (Salmo salar) and Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) Backbones and Heads
by Beatriz de la Fuente, Tone Aspevik, Francisco J. Barba, Katerina Kousoulaki and Houda Berrada
Mar. Drugs 2023, 21(5), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/md21050294 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2290
Abstract
Information on the bioaccessibility of minerals is essential to consider a food ingredient as a potential mineral fortifier. In this study, the mineral bioaccessibility of protein hydrolysates from salmon (Salmo salar) and mackerel (Scomber scombrus) backbones and heads was [...] Read more.
Information on the bioaccessibility of minerals is essential to consider a food ingredient as a potential mineral fortifier. In this study, the mineral bioaccessibility of protein hydrolysates from salmon (Salmo salar) and mackerel (Scomber scombrus) backbones and heads was evaluated. For this purpose, the hydrolysates were submitted to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (INFOGEST method), and the mineral content was analyzed before and after the digestive process. Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, and Se were then determined using an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer mass detector (ICP-MS). The highest bioaccessibility of minerals was found in salmon and mackerel head hydrolysates for Fe (≥100%), followed by Se in salmon backbone hydrolysates (95%). The antioxidant capacity of all protein hydrolysate samples, which was measured by Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), increased (10–46%) after in vitro digestion. The heavy metals As, Hg, Cd, and Pb were determined (ICP-MS) in the raw hydrolysates to confirm the harmlessness of these products. Except for Cd in mackerel hydrolysates, all toxic elements were below the legislation levels for fish commodities. These results suggest the possibility of using protein hydrolysates from salmon and mackerel backbones and heads for food mineral fortification, as well as the need to verify their safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Value Compounds from Marine Unutilized Resources)
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