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Antioxidants
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Antioxidants in Oxidative Stress Diseases
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Antioxidants in Oxidative Stress Diseases

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2019) | Viewed by 33348

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Rosita Gabbianelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
Interests: nutrigenomics; nutri-epigenetics; early-life progarmming; redox system
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Elisabetta Damiani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Ancona, Italy
Interests: synthetic and natural antioxidants; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; UV-induced damage; photoprotection; sunscreens; epigenetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including free radicals, are involved in many physiological and pathological events, and the control of their production is modulated by endogenous and exogenous systems, whose final goal is to maintain the redox equilibrium. Several diseases (e.g., neurodegeneration, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc.) are associated with an imbalance in this redox control, and biomarkers of oxidation have been correlated with the development of several age-related diseases. In this context, the use of antioxidants, either through dietary intake or supplementation, has been proposed to counterbalance ROS-induced oxidation. The key point, however, is that to date, the proper quantity of antioxidants required to achieve a personalized protective biological response without any pro-oxidant effects is still poorly defined. Furthermore, several human intervention trials with antioxidant supplementation have shown no conclusive evidence to support the use of vitamins and antioxidant supplements for the prevention of redox-related diseases. With this in mind, this Special Issue aims to publish original research papers, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses that contribute to better clarify the complexity related to dose/gender/age responses on antioxidant-protection against the most common diseases linked with oxidative stress.

Prof. Rosita Gabbianelli
Prof. Elisabetta Damiani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antioxidants
  • redox system
  • environmental risk factors
  • inflammation
  • cancer
  • neurodegeneration
  • cardiovascular diseases

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

11 pages, 1246 KiB  
Article
Aging Exacerbates Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Mitochondrial Respiration Impairment in Skeletal Muscle
by Stéphanie Paradis, Anne-Laure Charles, Isabelle Georg, Fabienne Goupilleau, Alain Meyer, Michel Kindo, Gilles Laverny, Daniel Metzger and Bernard Geny
Antioxidants 2019, 8(6), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8060168 - 8 Jun 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3973
Abstract
Cycles of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) that occur during peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are associated with significant morbi-mortality, and aging is an irreversible risk factor of PAD. However, the effects of advanced age on IR-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction are not well known. Young and [...] Read more.
Cycles of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) that occur during peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are associated with significant morbi-mortality, and aging is an irreversible risk factor of PAD. However, the effects of advanced age on IR-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction are not well known. Young and aged mice were therefore submitted to hindlimb IR (2 h ischemia followed by 2 h reperfusion). Skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration, calcium retention capacity (CRC) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined using high resolution respirometry, spectrofluorometry and electronic paramagnetic resonance. IR-induced impairment in mitochondrial respiration was enhanced in old animals (VADP; from 33.0 ± 2.4 to 18.4 ± 3.8 and 32.8 ± 1.3 to 5.9 ± 2.7 pmol/s/mg wet weight; −44.2 ± 11.4% vs. −82.0 ± 8.1%, in young and aged mice, respectively). Baseline CRC was lower in old animals and IR similarly decreased the CRC in both groups (from 11.8 ± 0.9 to 4.6 ± 0.9 and 5.5 ± 0.9 to 2.1 ± 0.3 µmol/mg dry weight; −60.9 ± 7.3 and −60.9 ± 4.6%, in young and aged mice, respectively). Further, IR-induced ROS production tended to be higher in aged mice. In conclusion, aging exacerbated the deleterious effects of IR on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration, potentially in relation to an increased oxidative stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Oxidative Stress Diseases)
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10 pages, 1594 KiB  
Article
Effect of the Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor Sildenafil on Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress
by Liliane Tetsi, Anne-Laure Charles, Isabelle Georg, Fabienne Goupilleau, Anne Lejay, Samy Talha, Myriam Maumy-Bertrand, Claire Lugnier and Bernard Geny
Antioxidants 2019, 8(4), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8040093 - 7 Apr 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4826
Abstract
Lower-limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is frequent and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors demonstrated antioxidant and beneficial effects in several organs submitted to IR, but their effects on muscle mitochondrial functions after lower-limb IR are unknown. Unilateral hindlimb IR (2 h [...] Read more.
Lower-limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is frequent and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors demonstrated antioxidant and beneficial effects in several organs submitted to IR, but their effects on muscle mitochondrial functions after lower-limb IR are unknown. Unilateral hindlimb IR (2 h tourniquet followed by 2 h reperfusion) without or with sildenafil (1mg/kg ip 30 minutes before ischemia) was performed in 18 mice. Maximal oxidative capacity (VMax), relative contribution of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, calcium retention capacity (CRC)—a marker of apoptosis—and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined using high-resolution respirometry, spectrofluorometry, and electron paramagnetic resonance in gastrocnemius muscles from both hindlimbs. IR significantly reduced mitochondrial VMax (from 11.79 ± 1.74 to 4.65 ± 1.11 pmol/s*mg wet weight (ww), p < 0.05, −50.2 ± 16.3%) and CRC (from 2.33 ± 0.41 to 0.84 ± 0.18 µmol/mg dry weight (dw), p < 0.05; −61.1 ± 6.8%). ROS tended to increase in the ischemic limb (+64.3 ± 31.9%, p = 0.08). Although tending to reduce IR-related ROS production (−42.4%), sildenafil failed to reduce muscle mitochondrial dysfunctions (−63.3 ± 9.2%, p < 0.001 and −55.2 ± 7.6% p < 0.01 for VMax, and CRC, respectively). In conclusion, lower limb IR impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, but, despite tending to reduce ROS production, pharmacological preconditioning with sildenafil did not show protective effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Oxidative Stress Diseases)
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12 pages, 1105 KiB  
Article
Protective Effect of the Hexanic Extract of Eryngium carlinae Inflorescences In Vitro, in Yeast, and in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats
by Donovan J. Peña-Montes, Maribel Huerta-Cervantes, Mónica Ríos-Silva, Xóchitl Trujillo, Miguel Huerta, Ruth Noriega-Cisneros, Rafael Salgado-Garciglia and Alfredo Saavedra-Molina
Antioxidants 2019, 8(3), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8030073 - 26 Mar 2019
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5206
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the composition and antioxidant activity of the hexanic extract of Eryngium carlinae inflorescences by employing in vitro assays to measure antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. We also applied the hexanic extract to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, under [...] Read more.
In the present study, we investigated the composition and antioxidant activity of the hexanic extract of Eryngium carlinae inflorescences by employing in vitro assays to measure antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. We also applied the hexanic extract to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, under hydrogen peroxide-induced stress. Finally, we tested the extract in male Wistar rats with and without streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The compounds in the hexanic extract were analyzed by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry, which revealed mainly terpenes and sesquiterpenes, including (Z)β-farnesene (38.79%), β-pinene (17.53%), calamene (13.3%), and α-farnesene (10.38%). In vitro and in S. cerevisiae, the extract possessed antioxidant activity at different concentrations, compared to ascorbic acid (positive control). In normoglycemic and hyperglycemic rats, oral administration of 30 mg/kg of the extract reduced blood glucose levels; lipid peroxidation in liver, kidney and brain; protein carbonylation; and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. It also increased catalase activity in the brain, kidneys and liver. These findings show that this hexanic extract of E. carlinae inflorescences possessed antioxidant properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Oxidative Stress Diseases)
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14 pages, 2386 KiB  
Article
Effect of Agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) on High-Density Lipoprotein Function and Inflammation in Women with Metabolic Syndrome
by Catalina Marín-Echeverri, Christopher N. Blesso, Maria Luz Fernández, Yeisson Galvis-Pérez, Gelmy Ciro-Gómez, Vitelbina Núñez-Rangel, Juan C. Aristizábal and Jacqueline Barona-Acevedo
Antioxidants 2018, 7(12), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox7120185 - 8 Dec 2018
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5248
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with low-grade inflammation and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) dysfunction. Polyphenol-rich foods may improve these alterations. Agraz is a fruit rich in polyphenols (mainly anthocyanins); however, there is limited information about its effects on human health. We evaluated the effects [...] Read more.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with low-grade inflammation and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) dysfunction. Polyphenol-rich foods may improve these alterations. Agraz is a fruit rich in polyphenols (mainly anthocyanins); however, there is limited information about its effects on human health. We evaluated the effects of agraz consumption as compared to placebo on HDL function and inflammation in women with MetS. Forty volunteers (25–60 years) were included in this double-blind crossover study. Women consumed agraz or placebo over 4 weeks; separated by a 4-week washout period. HDL function (apoliprotein-A1; paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity; cholesterol efflux capacity), oxidative stress (myeloperoxidase (MPO), advanced oxidation protein products) and inflammatory markers (serum cytokines/chemokines and peripheral blood mononuclear cell nuclear factor-kB) were measured after each period. Compared to placebo, agraz consumption did not significantly change any of the biomarkers measured. Interestingly, only after agraz period there were significant positive correlations between PON1 activities and cholesterol efflux. Additionally, there were significant inverse correlations between changes in inflammatory markers and HDL function markers and positive correlations with oxidative markers. Although polyphenol-rich foods have been shown to be beneficial for certain conditions; polyphenol-rich agraz fruit consumption did not impact inflammation and HDL function in the current study of women with MetS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Oxidative Stress Diseases)
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14 pages, 1689 KiB  
Article
Effect of Extract and Ellagic Acid from Geranium schiedeanum on the Antioxidant Defense System in An Induced-Necrosis Model
by Nancy Vargas-Mendoza, Miguel Vázquez-Velasco, Laura González-Torres, Juana Benedí, Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz, Jose Antonio Morales-González, Osmar Antonio Jaramillo-Morales, Carmen Valadez-Vega and Mirandeli Bautista
Antioxidants 2018, 7(12), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox7120178 - 30 Nov 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4404
Abstract
Geranium schiedeanum has been used in traditional therapies as an antiseptic, antipyretic, and as analgesic. The present study was designed to evaluate the pretreatment with G. schiedeanum total extract (GS) and its active metabolites on stimulating the endogenous antioxidant defense system (EADS): catalase [...] Read more.
Geranium schiedeanum has been used in traditional therapies as an antiseptic, antipyretic, and as analgesic. The present study was designed to evaluate the pretreatment with G. schiedeanum total extract (GS) and its active metabolites on stimulating the endogenous antioxidant defense system (EADS): catalase (Cat), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione reduction index (RI GSH/GSSG) in rat liver treated with a sublethal dose (6.6 mmol/Kg) of thioacetamide (TAA) in order to probe the capacity of GS and the active compounds to reduce liver injury. This was assessed by measuring aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (BILT) in rats pretreated or not with TAA, and pretreated or not with GS and its metabolites. The results showed that GS was able to induce the production of EADS enzymes, increasing redox index GSH/GSSG at 24 and 48 h after intoxication, and both the extract and the ellagic acid exhibited a significant reduction of hepatic damage markers. Our data confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of GS and its metabolites, like ellagic acid, support the possible use of this extract in the treatment of liver injury. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Oxidative Stress Diseases)
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Review

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44 pages, 1016 KiB  
Review
Carotenoids and Markers of Oxidative Stress in Human Observational Studies and Intervention Trials: Implications for Chronic Diseases
by Torsten Bohn
Antioxidants 2019, 8(6), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8060179 - 17 Jun 2019
Cited by 121 | Viewed by 8577
Abstract
Carotenoids include C30, C40 and C50 terpenoid-based molecules, many of which constitute coloured pigments. However, >1100 of these are known to occur in nature and only about a dozen are known to play a role in our daily diet. Carotenoids have received much [...] Read more.
Carotenoids include C30, C40 and C50 terpenoid-based molecules, many of which constitute coloured pigments. However, >1100 of these are known to occur in nature and only about a dozen are known to play a role in our daily diet. Carotenoids have received much attention due to their proposed health benefits, including reducing the incidence of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Many of these diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation co-occurring with oxidative stress, characterized by, for example, enhanced plasma F2-isoprostane concentrations, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxyguanosine. Though carotenoids can act as direct antioxidants, quenching, for example, singlet oxygen and peroxide radicals, an important biological function appears to rest also in the activation of the body’s own antioxidant defence system, related to superoxide-dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-peroxidase expression, likely due to the interaction with transcription factors, such as nuclear-factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2). Though mostly based on small-scale and observational studies which do not allow for drawing conclusions regarding causality, several supplementation trials with isolated carotenoids or food items suggest positive health effects. However, negative effects have also been reported, especially regarding beta-carotene for smokers. This review is aimed at summarizing the results from human observational studies/intervention trials targeting carotenoids in relation to chronic diseases characterized by oxidative stress and markers thereof. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Oxidative Stress Diseases)
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