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Electromechanical Effects in Ferroelectric Materials: Theory, Modeling, and Experiments
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Electromechanical Effects in Ferroelectric Materials: Theory, Modeling, and Experiments

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Electronic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 August 2024 | Viewed by 3695

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Bo Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
Interests: ferroelectrics; piezoelectric effects; flexoelectric effects; phase-field modeling; solid-state batteries; electro-chemo-mechanical coupling effects; microstructure-property relationship
Dr. Fangping Zhuo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
Interests: anti-/ferroelectrics; lead-free piezoelectrics; dislocation-tuned functionalities in ferroelectrics; piezoresponse force microscopy; crystal growth

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ferroelectric materials are featured by the presence of spontaneous electric dipoles that can be reversibly flipped by an applied electric field. Many ferroelectric materials also respond sensitively to the application or changes of external fields, giving rise to a variety of multifield coupling effects, such as pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, electrooptical properties and multiferroicity, which makes ferroelectric materials extraordinarily useful for multifunctional applications. Among these coupling effects, the electromechanical effects are of particular interest, including piezoelectricity, flexoelectricity, electrostriction, field-induced ferroic domain switching, field-induced phase transition, and electromechanical degradation and breakdown. These effects generally result from synergic contributions due to the change of intrinsic lattice structures, modification of microstructures, and the formation and motion of extended defects, bringing challenges to probe them systematically across different length and time scales. To gain a better understanding of the electromechanical effects in ferroelectric materials, joint efforts are required from experimental and theoretical scientists. The goal for this Special Issue is to present the recent progresses in characterizing, understanding, and utilizing the electromechanical effects in ferroelectric and related materials, ranging from nanosized thin films to bulk single crystals and polycrystalline ceramics, with advanced experimental techniques as well as theoretical modeling and simulation. Therefore, we sincerely invite you to submit manuscripts for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Dr. Bo Wang
Dr. Fangping Zhuo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ferroelectric materials
  • piezoelectric effects
  • flexoelectric effects
  • computational modeling and simulation
  • electromechanical responses

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 1773 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Piezo-Photocatalytic Performance of Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 by High-Voltage Poling
by Shuang Lan, Mupeng Zheng, Fangping Zhuo, Mankang Zhu and Yudong Hou
Materials 2023, 16(14), 5122; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145122 - 20 Jul 2023
Viewed by 872
Abstract
The internal electric field within a piezoelectric material can effectively inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, thus serving as a means to enhance photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, we synthesized a Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 (NBT) catalyst by the hydrothermal [...] Read more.
The internal electric field within a piezoelectric material can effectively inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, thus serving as a means to enhance photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, we synthesized a Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 (NBT) catalyst by the hydrothermal method and optimized its catalytic performance by simple high-voltage poling. When applying light and mechanical stirring on a 2 kV mm−1 poled NBT sample, almost 100% of Rhodamine B solution could be degraded in 120 min, and the reaction rate constant reached as high as 28.36 × 10−3 min−1, which was 4.2 times higher than that of the unpoled NBT sample. The enhanced piezo-photocatalytic activity is attributed to the poling-enhanced internal electric field, which facilitates the efficient separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers. Our work provides a new option and idea for the development of piezo-photocatalysts for environmental remediation and pollutant treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromechanical Effects in Ferroelectric Materials: Theory, Modeling, and Experiments)
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14 pages, 6254 KiB  
Article
High-Performance Broadband Bistatic Piezoelectric Composite Array for Application in Ship Wake Detection
by Fenghua Tian, Wenqiang Tian, Yiming Liu, Ruilei Ma, Yongquan Ding and Bao’an Hao
Materials 2023, 16(6), 2199; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062199 - 9 Mar 2023
Viewed by 829
Abstract
In the far-field wake of a ship, the intensity of the scattering of bubbles is relatively weak. In addition, the wake is relatively thin, and the hole phenomenon is prominent. Thus, it is difficult to detect the wake at a long distance. On [...] Read more.
In the far-field wake of a ship, the intensity of the scattering of bubbles is relatively weak. In addition, the wake is relatively thin, and the hole phenomenon is prominent. Thus, it is difficult to detect the wake at a long distance. On this basis, this paper studies a broadband 1–3 high-performance composite transceiver sub-array for the improved detection of a ship’s far wake flow field. The content includes frequency characteristics, transmission performance, power tolerance, the beam width of the transmitting array, and the frequency characteristics, reception performance, and beam width of the receiving array. The frequency bandwidth of the transmission array developed in this paper can reach a value of 180 kHz (the center frequency is 390 kHz). The maximum sound source level can reach a value of 228 dB. In the same frequency band, the sensitivity of the receiving array can reach a value of 184 dB, and the fluctuation is less than 5 dB. Compared with the narrowband 1–3 composite array of the same size, the acoustic performance of this sub-array has obvious advantages. Finally, to improve the effective sound path (before the first interface reflection of the sound wave) of the emitted sound wave in the ship’s far-field wake, combined with the speed of the moving carrier and the wide-band detection method of the ship’s wake, the configuration method of the detection array for the width and direction of the ship’s far-field wake is proposed. The results of this research have an important reference value for the research on broadband 1–3 high-performance composite arrays and their application in the far-field wake detection of ships. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromechanical Effects in Ferroelectric Materials: Theory, Modeling, and Experiments)
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10 pages, 16490 KiB  
Article
Microstructure Evolution with Rapid Thermal Annealing Time in (001)-Oriented Piezoelectric PZT Films Integrated on (111) Si
by Yingying Wang, Hanfei Zhu, Yinxiu Xue, Peng Yan and Jun Ouyang
Materials 2023, 16(5), 2068; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16052068 - 2 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1346
Abstract
In our recently published paper (Y.-Y. Wang et al., High performance LaNiO3-buffered, (001)-oriented PZT piezoelectric films integrated on (111) Si, Appl. Phys. Lett. 121, 182902, 2022), highly (001)-oriented PZT films with a large transverse piezoelectric coefficient e31,f prepared on (111) [...] Read more.
In our recently published paper (Y.-Y. Wang et al., High performance LaNiO3-buffered, (001)-oriented PZT piezoelectric films integrated on (111) Si, Appl. Phys. Lett. 121, 182902, 2022), highly (001)-oriented PZT films with a large transverse piezoelectric coefficient e31,f prepared on (111) Si substrates were reported. This work is beneficial for the development of piezoelectric micro-electro-mechanical systems (Piezo-MEMS) because of (111) Si’s isotropic mechanical properties and desirable etching characteristics. However, the underlying mechanism for the achievement of a high piezoelectric performance in these PZT films going through a rapid thermal annealing process has not been thoroughly analyzed. In this work, we present complete sets of data in microstructure (XRD, SEM and TEM) and electrical properties (ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric) for these films with typical annealing times of 2, 5, 10 and 15 min. Through data analyses, we revealed competing effects in tuning the electrical properties of these PZT films, i.e., the removal of residual PbO and proliferation of nanopores with an increasing annealing time. The latter turned out to be the dominating factor for a deteriorated piezoelectric performance. Therefore, the PZT film with the shortest annealing time of 2 min showed the largest e31,f piezoelectric coefficient. Furthermore, the performance degradation occurred in the PZT film annealed for 10 min can be explained by a film morphology change, which involved not only the change in grain shape, but also the generation of a large amount of nanopores near its bottom interface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromechanical Effects in Ferroelectric Materials: Theory, Modeling, and Experiments)
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