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Production, Application and Properties of Bitumen (2nd Edition)
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Production, Application and Properties of Bitumen (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Construction and Building Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2024) | Viewed by 2673

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Marek Iwański

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty Civil and Architectural Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Kielce, Poland
Interests: bitumen; foamed bitumen; cold recycling; rheology; asphalt materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bitumen is one of the oldest binders used in road construction. This naturally occurring material found in deposits, such as bitumen lakes or bituminous rocks, has been used by humans for thousands of years. The progress of human civilization, advancements in technology, and the development of the automobile industry have increased the demand for better, more durable roads. Thus, the production of refined bitumen from heavy crude oil has surpassed the use of natural bitumen. This has led to new solutions in binder design. These include modifications of its properties with the addition of natural bitumen or the use of various chemical compounds, predominantly polymers, for improved viscoelastic performance. Cold in-place recycling represented a step toward the wider use of bitumen emulsion. However, the breakthrough in the development of bitumen technology was the implementation of low-temperature bituminous paving mixtures. Sustainable, eco-friendly warm mix asphalt (WMA) and half-warm mix asphalt (HWMA) technologies use synthetic waxes or surface-active agents (SAA) to lower bitumen viscosity. Water-foamed bitumen is the most recent innovative technique used in low-temperature mixtures. Systematic bitumen research is crucial for predicting bitumen characteristics and their effect on the performance of paving mixtures in pavement structures. This research, together with new laboratory testing technology and increased diagnostic requirements, will ensure the longer service life of pavements.

Prof. Dr. Marek Iwański
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • bitumen
  • foamed bitumen
  • asphalt materials
  • rheology
  • performance

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 4501 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Pavement Durability: Comparative Rheological Evaluation of Conventional and Rejuvenated Reclaimed Binders under Aging Conditions
by Asmasadat Dabiri, Hugo M. R. D. Silva and Joel R. M. Oliveira
Materials 2024, 17(13), 3305; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133305 - 4 Jul 2024
Viewed by 956
Abstract
A drawback of recycled mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt is their increased stiffness, further worsened by the accelerated aging of binders in extreme weather conditions. Previous studies have shown that while rejuvenating agents can mitigate some of these issues by improving flexibility and reducing [...] Read more.
A drawback of recycled mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt is their increased stiffness, further worsened by the accelerated aging of binders in extreme weather conditions. Previous studies have shown that while rejuvenating agents can mitigate some of these issues by improving flexibility and reducing brittleness, they often present challenges, such as performance variability and the potential for rutting. This study aims to develop an optimal blend of reclaimed bitumen, a rejuvenating agent, and pure bitumen to achieve rheological properties similar to a control 35/50 pen-grade bitumen for road paving. Hence, the rejuvenated binders comprised 30:70 blends of reclaimed asphalt bitumen and 50/70 pen-grade bitumen, adding 0.2% to 0.6% of a rejuvenating agent by mass of the reclaimed asphalt. Sample testing included conventional penetration grade, softening point, and viscosity tests, followed by dynamic shear rheometer tests under unaged, short-term, and long-term aging conditions. The results show that the binder blend with 0.4% rejuvenator closely resembles the rheological properties of 35/50 pen-grade bitumen. This blend exhibits a 20% to 55% stiffness reduction for recycled mixtures with 30% reclaimed asphalt. Notably, the rejuvenated binders exhibited a similar level of aging resistance to the control bitumen, with a marginal difference of less than 5% in aging ratios. Meanwhile, large strain amplitude tests showed the importance of defining maximum rejuvenating incorporation rates in recycled mixtures to avoid rutting problems, where binders with 0.4% rejuvenator doubled the rutting potential (Jnr values). This innovative study highlights the potential for enhancing recycled mixtures’ performance by evaluating rejuvenated reclaimed binders’ rheology subjected to different aging conditions, thus contributing to sustainability in pavement construction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production, Application and Properties of Bitumen (2nd Edition))
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20 pages, 7011 KiB  
Article
The Evaluation and Prediction of Flame Retardancy of Asphalt Mixture Based on PCA-RBF Neural Network Model
by Peng Yin, Haowu Wang and Yangwei Tan
Materials 2024, 17(13), 3298; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133298 - 4 Jul 2024
Viewed by 586
Abstract
Warm mix flame retardant asphalt mixture can reduce the energy dissipation and harmful gas emissions during asphalt pavement construction, as well as mitigate the adverse effects of road fires. For this, this paper studies the design and performance of a mixture modified with [...] Read more.
Warm mix flame retardant asphalt mixture can reduce the energy dissipation and harmful gas emissions during asphalt pavement construction, as well as mitigate the adverse effects of road fires. For this, this paper studies the design and performance of a mixture modified with a combination of warm mix agent and flame retardant, and the pavement performance and flame retardancy of the modified mixture are evaluated. Additionally, a flame retardancy prediction model based on the radial basis function (RBF) neural network model is established. On this basis, the principal components analysis (PCA) model is used to analyze the most significant evaluation indicators affecting flame retardancy, and finally, a three-dimensional finite element model is developed to analyze the effects of loading on the pavement structure. The results show that compared to virgin asphalt mixture, the modified mixture shows a reduction in mixing and compaction temperatures by approximately 12 °C. The high-temperature performance of the mixture is improved, while the low-temperature performance and moisture stability slightly decrease, but its flame retardancy is significantly enhanced. The RBF neural network model revealed that the established flame retardancy prediction model has a high accuracy, allowing for precise evaluation of the flame retardancy. Finally, the PCA model identified that the combustion time has a significant effect on the flame retardancy of the asphalt mixture, and the finite element model revealed that the displacements of the warm mix fire retardant asphalt mixture were lower than virgin asphalt mixture in all directions under the loading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production, Application and Properties of Bitumen (2nd Edition))
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13 pages, 3373 KiB  
Article
Investigation on the Preparation and Performances of Epoxy-Modified Asphalt Binder and Its Mixtures
by Xiaodong Liu, Zhiheng Wu, Zhaohui Min and Lei Zhang
Materials 2024, 17(11), 2539; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112539 - 24 May 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 803
Abstract
Epoxy-modified asphalt binder has been widely used in steel deck pavement due to its excellent properties and it is a potential candidate for long life pavements. However, its short reserve time limits its widespread application in pavement engineering. Therefore, this work developed a [...] Read more.
Epoxy-modified asphalt binder has been widely used in steel deck pavement due to its excellent properties and it is a potential candidate for long life pavements. However, its short reserve time limits its widespread application in pavement engineering. Therefore, this work developed a novel epoxy-modified asphalt binder composed of a laboratory-made curing agent as a solution. Firstly, optimization of preparation temperature of this new material was studied to balance the requirements of enough construction time and the material strength and elongation. The epoxy-modified asphalt binder, prepared at the optimal temperature of 140 °C, had a reserve time exceeding 120 min, whereas the tensile strength and the elongation at failure were 2.22 MPa and 216%, respectively, which satisfied the standard requirements of paving epoxy material well. Secondly, the asphalt mixture property tests demonstrate excellent high-temperature rutting resistance, water stability and low-temperature anti-cracking ability. Additionally, the compatibility and colloidal stability of this epoxy-modified asphalt binder were analyzed in terms of microphase structure. The uniform microphase distribution of this binder showed by the laser confocal microscope observation in both short-term aging case and long-term aging case, indicates the great compatibility between asphalt and epoxy resin during paving process and service life. Furthermore, fatigue tests were conducted to evaluate the long-term durability. The fatigue life of epoxy-modified asphalt mixtures increased by 435%, 427%, 342%, and 276% under the stress ratios of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6, respectively, compared to those of SBS-modified asphalt mixtures. All these results indicate that the new epoxy-modified asphalt material is promising for applications in pavement engineering, especially suitable for long-life road pavement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production, Application and Properties of Bitumen (2nd Edition))
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