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Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2023) | Viewed by 16517

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mariusz Jasinski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: development of microwave plasma sources; applications of microwave plasmas; diagnostics of microwave plasmas
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of the Materials is intended to provide a description of devices and processes related to the advances in plasma and laser engineering. Plasma is called the fourth state of matter because its properties differ significantly from those of ordinary gas. Plasma can be determined as a conductive medium generated by the ionization of gases. Therefore, it occurs as a mixture of photons, electrons and ions, but it can also contain neutral atoms and molecules. The concept of plasma includes media with very different properties because the composition, densities and kinetic energies of plasma components differ for various types of plasma by several or even more orders of magnitude. A laser is a device that emits electromagnetic radiation in the visible, ultraviolet or infrared range, using the phenomenon of forced emission. Laser radiation is coherent, usually polarized, and has the form of a beam with very little divergence. In a laser, it is easy to obtain radiation with a very small line width, which is equivalent to very high power in a selected narrow spectral region. With pulsed lasers it is possible to obtain a very high power in a pulse and a very short pulse duration. Both plasma devices and lasers can have different designs, properties and different applications. Plasma and laser applications include, but are not limited to, the production of new materials and the improvement of the properties of existing materials. The plasma or laser treatment of materials may lead to physico-chemical changes in the structure of their surfaces. This Special Issue aims to showcase advances in plasma and laser engineering for all materials.

Best regards,

Dr. Mariusz Jasinski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plasma deposition
  • laser deposition
  • plasma treatment of materials
  • laser treatment of materials
  • plasma activation of surfaces
  • laser activation of surfaces
  • pulsed plasmas
  • pulsed lasers
  • new materials
  • plasma sources
  • laser sources
  • plasma engineering
  • laser engineering

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

4 pages, 172 KiB  
Editorial
Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering
by Mariusz Jasiński
Materials 2024, 17(8), 1768; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081768 - 11 Apr 2024
Viewed by 897
Abstract
Materials science, especially in the context of nanotechnology, plays a key role in today’s world, contributing to the development of advanced materials with unique properties [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

18 pages, 2104 KiB  
Article
On Relationships between Plasma Chemistry and Surface Reaction Kinetics Providing the Etching of Silicon in CF4, CHF3, and C4F8 Gases Mixed with Oxygen
by Seung Yong Baek, Alexander Efremov, Alexander Bobylev, Gilyoung Choi and Kwang-Ho Kwon
Materials 2023, 16(14), 5043; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145043 - 17 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2564
Abstract
In this work, we discuss the effects of component ratios on plasma characteristics, chemistry of active species, and silicon etching kinetics in CF4 + O2, CHF3 + O2, and C4F8 + O2 gas [...] Read more.
In this work, we discuss the effects of component ratios on plasma characteristics, chemistry of active species, and silicon etching kinetics in CF4 + O2, CHF3 + O2, and C4F8 + O2 gas mixtures. It was shown that the addition of O2 changes electrons- and ions-related plasma parameters rapidly suppresses densities of CFx radicals and influences F atoms kinetics through their formation rate and/or loss frequency. The dominant Si etching mechanism in all three cases is the chemical interaction with F atoms featured by the nonconstant reaction probability. The latter reflects both the remaining amount of fluorocarbon polymer and oxidation of silicon surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering)
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13 pages, 3990 KiB  
Article
Laser-Treated Steel Surfaces Gliding on Snow at Different Temperatures
by Ettore Maggiore, Carmelo Corsaro, Enza Fazio, Inam Mirza, Francesco Ripamonti, Matteo Tommasini and Paolo M. Ossi
Materials 2023, 16(8), 3100; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16083100 - 14 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1345
Abstract
With the goal of substituting a hard metallic material for the soft Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) presently used to make the bases of skis for alpine skiing, we used two non-thermodynamic equilibrium surface treatments with ultra-short (7–8 ps) laser pulses to [...] Read more.
With the goal of substituting a hard metallic material for the soft Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) presently used to make the bases of skis for alpine skiing, we used two non-thermodynamic equilibrium surface treatments with ultra-short (7–8 ps) laser pulses to modify the surface of square plates (50 × 50 mm2) made of austenitic stainless steel AISI 301H. By irradiating with linearly polarized pulses, we obtained Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS). By laser machining, we produced a laser engraving on the surface. Both treatments produce a surface pattern parallel to one side of the sample. For both treatments, we measured with a dedicated snow tribometer the friction coefficient µ on compacted snow at different temperatures (−10 °C; −5 °C; −3 °C) for a gliding speed range between 1 and 6.1 ms−1. We compared the obtained µ values with those of untreated AISI 301H plates and of stone grinded, waxed UHMWPE plates. At the highest temperature (−3 °C), near the snow melting point, untreated AISI 301H shows the largest µ value (0.09), much higher than that of UHMWPE (0.04). Laser treatments on AISI 301H gave lower µ values approaching UHMWPE. We studied how the surface pattern disposition, with respect to the gliding direction of the sample on snow, affects the µ trend. For LIPSS with pattern, orientation perpendicular to the gliding direction on snow µ (0.05) is comparable with that of UHMWPE. We performed field tests on snow at high temperature (from −0.5 to 0 °C) using full-size skis equipped with bases made of the same materials used for the laboratory tests. We observed a moderate difference in performance between the untreated and the LIPSS treated bases; both performed worse than UHMWPE. Waxing improved the performance of all bases, especially LIPSS treated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering)
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16 pages, 3285 KiB  
Article
Surface Modification of Silicone by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma
by Krzysztof Krawczyk, Agnieszka Jankowska, Michał Młotek, Bogdan Ulejczyk, Tomasz Kobiela and Krystyna Ławniczak-Jabłońska
Materials 2023, 16(8), 2973; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16082973 - 8 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2168
Abstract
The objective of the study was to modify the surface of the silicone rubber, using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to improve its hydrophilic properties. The influence of the exposure time, discharge power, and gas composition—in which the dielectric barrier discharge was generated—on the [...] Read more.
The objective of the study was to modify the surface of the silicone rubber, using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to improve its hydrophilic properties. The influence of the exposure time, discharge power, and gas composition—in which the dielectric barrier discharge was generated—on the properties of the silicone surface layer were examined. After the modification, the wetting angles of the surface were measured. Then, the value of surface free energy (SFE) and changes in the polar components of the modified silicone over time were determined using the Owens–Wendt method. The surfaces and morphology of the selected samples before and after plasma modification were examined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR), atomic force microscopy AFM, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Based on the research, it can be concluded that the silicone surface can be modified using a dielectric barrier discharge. Surface modification, regardless of the chosen method, is not permanent. The AFM and XPS study show that the structure’s ratio of oxygen to carbon increases. However, after less than four weeks, it decreases and reaches the value of the unmodified silicone. It was found that the cause of the changes in the parameters of the modified silicone rubber is the disappearance of oxygen-containing groups on the surface and a decrease in the molar ratio of oxygen to carbon, causing the RMS surface roughness and the roughness factor to return to the initial values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering)
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9 pages, 16519 KiB  
Article
Efficient Broadband Light-Trapping Structures on Thin-Film Silicon Fabricated by Laser, Chemical and Hybrid Chemical/Laser Treatments
by Michael Kovalev, Ivan Podlesnykh, Alena Nastulyavichus, Nikita Stsepuro, Irina Mushkarina, Pavel Platonov, Evgeniy Terukov, Sergey Abolmasov, Aleksandr Dunaev, Andrey Akhmatkhanov, Vladimir Shur and Sergey Kudryashov
Materials 2023, 16(6), 2350; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062350 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1781
Abstract
Light-trapping structures formed on surfaces of various materials have attracted much attention in recent years due to their important role in many applications of science and technology. This article discusses various methods for manufacturing light-trapping “black” silicon, namely laser, chemical and hybrid chemical/laser [...] Read more.
Light-trapping structures formed on surfaces of various materials have attracted much attention in recent years due to their important role in many applications of science and technology. This article discusses various methods for manufacturing light-trapping “black” silicon, namely laser, chemical and hybrid chemical/laser ones. In addition to the widely explored laser texturing and chemical etching methods, we develop a hybrid chemical/laser texturing method, consisting in laser post-texturing of pyramidal structures obtained after chemical etching. After laser treatments the surface morphology was represented by a chaotic relief of microcones, while after chemical treatment it acquired a chaotic pyramidal relief. Moreover, laser texturing of preliminarily chemically microtextured silicon wafers is shown to take five-fold less time compared to bare flat silicon. In this case, the chemically/laser-treated samples exhibit average total reflectance in the spectral range of 250–1100 nm lower by 7–10% than after the purely chemical treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering)
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14 pages, 79344 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Characteristics of Plasma in Ultrasonic-Assisted Narrow-Gap Laser Welding with Filler Wire
by Ren Wang, Zhenxing He, Xiaoyang Kan, Ke Li, Fugang Chen, Juan Fu and Yong Zhao
Materials 2023, 16(2), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020502 - 4 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1471
Abstract
Laser welding with filler wire was applied to Q345D in a narrow gap under ultrasonic assistance, and the dynamic characteristics of plasma were studied by high-speed imaging and spectral acquisition. The results showed that the plasma area decreased gradually with increasing distance between [...] Read more.
Laser welding with filler wire was applied to Q345D in a narrow gap under ultrasonic assistance, and the dynamic characteristics of plasma were studied by high-speed imaging and spectral acquisition. The results showed that the plasma area decreased gradually with increasing distance between the ultrasonic loading position and welding seam. The electron density and temperature of the plasma with ultrasonic assistance were higher than those without ultrasound. The electron density was approximately 1016~1017 cm−3, and the plasma temperature was approximately 4000~6000 K. Ultrasonic assisted laser wire filling welding can bring about cavitation effect and significantly reduce the porosity problem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering)
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12 pages, 5353 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Texture Characterization of Duplex Stainless Steel Joints Welded by Alternating Magnetic Field-Assisted Hybrid Laser-GMAW Welding
by Juan Fu, Zhipeng Rao, Yong Zhao, Jiasheng Zou, Xin Liu and Yanfei Pan
Materials 2022, 15(24), 8741; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15248741 - 7 Dec 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 1881
Abstract
In this study, 2205 duplex stainless steel with 12 mm thickness was welded by alternating magnetic field-assisted laser arc hybrid welding. The effect of an alternating magnetic field on the proportion distribution of two phases of the welded joint was investigated. The texture [...] Read more.
In this study, 2205 duplex stainless steel with 12 mm thickness was welded by alternating magnetic field-assisted laser arc hybrid welding. The effect of an alternating magnetic field on the proportion distribution of two phases of the welded joint was investigated. The texture distribution, grain boundary misorientation, and grain size of welded joints were analyzed and characterized. The uniform distribution of alloying elements in the two phases was improved by a 20 mT alternating magnetic field. The diffusion dissolution of Ni and N elements into the γ phase was promoted, which was conducive to the transition from the α to γ phase and reduced the precipitation of Cr2N, such that the ratio of γ to α was 43.4:56.6. The ratio of the two phases of the weld was balanced by the alternating magnetic field of 30 mT, such that the ratio of γ and α was 44.6:55.4 and the texture dispersion was weakened. The Σ3 twinning boundary of the austenite phase in the weld was transformed to HABs, the ferrite phase underwent dynamic recrystallization, and the austenite phase had a cube texture, copper texture, and goss texture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering)
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17 pages, 6338 KiB  
Article
A New Insight into High-Aspect-Ratio Channel Drilling in Translucent Dielectrics with a KrF Laser for Waveguide Applications
by Igor V. Smetanin, Alexey V. Shutov, Nikolay N. Ustinovskii, Polad V. Veliev and Vladimir D. Zvorykin
Materials 2022, 15(23), 8347; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238347 - 24 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1545
Abstract
A new insight into capillary channel formation with a high aspect ratio in the translucent matter by nanosecond UV laser pulses is discussed based on our experiments on KrF laser multi-pulse drilling of polymethyl methacrylate and K8 silica glass. The proposed mechanism includes [...] Read more.
A new insight into capillary channel formation with a high aspect ratio in the translucent matter by nanosecond UV laser pulses is discussed based on our experiments on KrF laser multi-pulse drilling of polymethyl methacrylate and K8 silica glass. The proposed mechanism includes self-consistent laser beam filamentation along a small UV light penetration depth caused by a local refraction index increase due to material densification by both UV and ablation pressure, followed by filamentation-assisted ablation. A similar mechanism was shown to be realized in highly transparent media, i.e., KU-1 glass with a multiphoton absorption switched on instead of linear absorption. Waveguide laser beam propagation in long capillary channels was considered for direct electron acceleration by high-power laser pulses and nonlinear compression of excimer laser pulses into the picosecond range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering)
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16 pages, 3974 KiB  
Article
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Treated Polyurethane Foam as Reusable Absorbent for Removal of Oils and Organic Solvents from Water
by Antonella Uricchio, Teresa Lasalandra, Eliana R. G. Tamborra, Gianvito Caputo, Rogério P. Mota and Fiorenza Fanelli
Materials 2022, 15(22), 7948; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15227948 - 10 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1883
Abstract
This paper reports the optimization of a two-step atmospheric pressure plasma process to modify the surface properties of a polyurethane (PU) foam and, specifically, to prepare a superhydrophobic/superoleophilic absorbent for the removal of oils and nonpolar organic solvents from water. In particular, in [...] Read more.
This paper reports the optimization of a two-step atmospheric pressure plasma process to modify the surface properties of a polyurethane (PU) foam and, specifically, to prepare a superhydrophobic/superoleophilic absorbent for the removal of oils and nonpolar organic solvents from water. In particular, in the first step, an oxygen-containing dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is used to induce the etching/nanotexturing of the foam surfaces; in the second step, an ethylene-containing DBD enables uniform overcoating with a low-surface-energy hydrocarbon polymer film. The combination of surface nanostructuring and low surface energy ultimately leads to simultaneous superhydrophobic and superoleophilic wetting properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and water contact angle measurements are used for the characterization of the samples. The plasma-treated PU foam selectively absorbs various kinds of hydrocarbon-based liquids (i.e., hydrocarbon solvents, mineral oils, motor oil, diesel and gasoline) up to 23 times its own weight, while it completely repels water. These absorption performances are maintained even after 50 absorption/desorption cycles and after immersion in hot water as well as acidic, basic and salt aqueous solutions. The plasma-treated foam can remove mineral oil while floating on the surface of mineral oil/water mixtures with a separation efficiency greater than 99%, which remains unaltered after 20 separation cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasma and Laser Engineering)
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