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Advances in Carbonized Refuse-Derived Fuel
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Advances in Carbonized Refuse-Derived Fuel

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 6688

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Andrzej Bialowiec

E-Mail Website1 Website2 Website3
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
Interests: waste to carbon; waste management; torrefaction; biochar; landfill bioreactor; compressed biogas; landfill leachate; constructed wetlands; phytotoxicology; evapotranspiration; biodrying; biostabilization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last few years, the dynamic development of the synergistic solutions of ‘waste-to-energy’ and ‘waste-to-carbon’ concepts by the thermochemical conversion of organic waste into the carbon-rich, high-quality fuel—carbonized refuse-derived fuel (CRDF)—has been noted. CRDF may be produced from various organic wastes, including municipal solid waste, due to torrefaction or pyrolysis, and may be utilized for energy purposes as a renewable source of energy. CRDF has excellent potential to address the growing energy consumption issue. Besides the positive effects of CRDF production, some negative effects on the environment and human health have also been reported. Contaminants within CRDF may pose an environmental risk. Therefore, these aspects should also be considered during the development of new technologies.

This Special Issue will focus on the development of waste torrefaction and pyrolysis technologies, including all aspects of the influence of waste quality and pre-treatment, process conditions, and CRDF post-treatment on CRDF quality. Aspects related to environmental, health, and work safety issues during waste conversion to CRDF and storage of CRDF will be welcomed.

I invite the submission of research papers on technology developments, CRDF quality, and post-treatment; pollutants emission during waste conversion; and CRDF storage, reviews, and cases studies with relevant contributions and new trends in CRDF production. This Special Issue may gather new knowledge on CRDF production technology development, the quantity and quality of pollutant content in CRDF and emissions from CRDF, CRDF’s potential risk to human health and the environment, and methods of mitigation of that risk for the safe application of torrefaction and pyrolysis technologies and the utilization of CRDF.

Dr. Andrzej Bialowiec
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Organic waste
  • Municipal solid waste
  • Refuse derived fuel
  • Carbonized refuse-derived fuel
  • Biochar
  • Torrefaction
  • Pyrolysis
  • Waste-to-carbon
  • Waste-to-energy

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 3753 KiB  
Article
Waste-to-Carbon: Is the Torrefied Sewage Sludge with High Ash Content a Better Fuel or Fertilizer?
by Jakub Pulka, Piotr Manczarski, Paweł Stępień, Marzena Styczyńska, Jacek A. Koziel and Andrzej Białowiec
Materials 2020, 13(4), 954; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13040954 - 20 Feb 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2773
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) recycling is an important part of the proposed ‘circular economy’ concept. SS can be valorized via torrefaction (also known as ‘low-temperature pyrolysis’ or ‘roasting’). SS can, therefore, be considered a low-quality fuel or a source of nutrients essential for plant [...] Read more.
Sewage sludge (SS) recycling is an important part of the proposed ‘circular economy’ concept. SS can be valorized via torrefaction (also known as ‘low-temperature pyrolysis’ or ‘roasting’). SS can, therefore, be considered a low-quality fuel or a source of nutrients essential for plant growth. Biochar produced by torrefaction of SS is a form of carbonized fuel or fertilizer. In this research, for the first time, we tested the feasibility of torrefaction of SS with high ash content for either fuel or organic fertilizer production. The research was conducted in 18 variants (six torrefaction temperatures between 200~300 °C, and three process residence times of 20, 40, 60 min) in 5 repetitions. Fuel and fertilizer properties and multiple regression analysis of produced biochar were conducted. The higher heating value (HHV) of raw SS was 21.2 MJ·kg−1. Produced biochar was characterized by HHV up to 12.85 MJ·kg−1 and lower H/C and O/C molar ratio. Therefore, torrefaction of SS with high ash content should not be considered as a method for improving the fuel properties. Instead, the production of fertilizer appears to be favorable. The torrefaction increased C, N, Mg, Ca, K, Na concentration in relation to raw SS. No significant (p < 0.05) influence of the increase of temperature and residence time on the increase of biogenic elements in biochar was found, however the highest biogenic element content, were found in biochar produced for 60 min, under the temperature ranging from 200 to 240 °C. Obtained biochars met the Polish regulatory criteria for mineral-organic fertilizer. Therefore SS torrefaction may be considered a feasible waste recycling technology. The calculation of torrefaction energy and the mass balance shows energy demand <2.5 GJ∙Mg−1 w.m., and the expected mass yield of the product, organic fertilizer, is ~178 kg∙Mg−1 w.m of SS. Further investigation should consider the scaling-up of the SS torrefaction process, with the application of other types of SSs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbonized Refuse-Derived Fuel)
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29 pages, 13751 KiB  
Article
Oxytree Pruned Biomass Torrefaction: Process Kinetics
by Kacper Świechowski, Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska, Marek Liszewski, Przemysław Bąbelewski, Jacek A. Koziel and Andrzej Białowiec
Materials 2019, 12(20), 3334; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203334 - 12 Oct 2019
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 3528
Abstract
Oxytree is a fast-growing energy crop with C4 photosynthesis. In this research, for the first time, the torrefaction kinetic parameters of pruned Oxytree biomass (Paulownia clon in Vitro 112) were determined. The influence of the Oxytree cultivation method and soil class on [...] Read more.
Oxytree is a fast-growing energy crop with C4 photosynthesis. In this research, for the first time, the torrefaction kinetic parameters of pruned Oxytree biomass (Paulownia clon in Vitro 112) were determined. The influence of the Oxytree cultivation method and soil class on the kinetic parameters of the torrefaction was also investigated. Oxytree pruned biomass from a first-year plantation was subjected to torrefaction within temperature range from 200 to 300 °C and under anaerobic conditions in the laboratory-scale batch reactor. The mass loss was measured continuously during the process. The relative mass loss increased from 1.22% to 19.56% with the increase of the process temperature. The first-order constant rate reaction (k) values increased from 1.26 × 10−5 s−1 to 7.69 × 10−5 s−1 with the increase in temperature. The average activation energy for the pruned biomass of Oxytree torrefaction was 36.5 kJ∙mol−1. Statistical analysis showed no significant (p < 0.05) effect of the Oxytree cultivation method and soil class on the k value. The results of this research could be useful for the valorization of energy crops such as Oxytree and optimization of waste-to-carbon and waste-to-energy processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbonized Refuse-Derived Fuel)
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