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Functional Coating Materials and Processing for Platform Technology
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Functional Coating Materials and Processing for Platform Technology

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 29833

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jun Hyup Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
Interests: functional polymers; hybrid materials; optical films; layer-by-layer assembly; electro-optical devices

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coating processes are widely incorporated in manufacturing displays, multilayer ceramic capacitors, secondary batteries, solar cells, and printed electronics. The final performance of functional devices is closely associated with coating materials and processing, considering the heterogeneity of particles and transport phenomena of complex fluids. It is thus important to elucidate the dispersion, drying, and curing phenomena of coating materials and successfully apply functional coating materials to advanced coating processes for next-generation electronic products. This Special Issue aims to address recent developments of functional coating materials and processing for platform technology. Topics include but are not limited to:

  • Functional organic or inorganic coating materials: polymeric particles, organic/inorganic/hybrid materials, dispersants, binders, etc.;
  • Transport phenomena of coating fluids: flow dynamics, stability, heterogeneity, etc.;
  • Fundamentals and control of drying and curing processes;
  • Design and analysis of advanced coating processes: slurry coating, double layer coating, particulate coating, etc.;
  • Application to displays, secondary batteries, printed electronics, solar cells, and multilayer ceramic capacitors.

Prof. Dr. Jun Hyup Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • battery
  • capacitor
  • coating material
  • coating process
  • display
  • drying
  • microstructure
  • particle
  • platform technology
  • printed electronics
  • rheology
  • solar cell
  • transport phenomena

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 4051 KiB  
Article
Surface Texturing of Si with Periodically Arrayed Oblique Nanopillars to Achieve Antireflection
by Jun-Hyun Kim, Sanghyun You and Chang-Koo Kim
Materials 2021, 14(2), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020380 - 14 Jan 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1821
Abstract
Si surfaces were texturized with periodically arrayed oblique nanopillars using slanted plasma etching, and their optical reflectance was measured. The weighted mean reflectance (Rw) of the nanopillar-arrayed Si substrate decreased monotonically with increasing angles of the nanopillars. This may have [...] Read more.
Si surfaces were texturized with periodically arrayed oblique nanopillars using slanted plasma etching, and their optical reflectance was measured. The weighted mean reflectance (Rw) of the nanopillar-arrayed Si substrate decreased monotonically with increasing angles of the nanopillars. This may have resulted from the increase in the aspect ratio of the trenches between the nanopillars at oblique angles due to the shadowing effect. When the aspect ratios of the trenches between the nanopillars at 0° (vertical) and 40° (oblique) were equal, the Rw of the Si substrates arrayed with nanopillars at 40° was lower than that at 0°. This study suggests that surface texturing of Si with oblique nanopillars reduces light reflection compared to using a conventional array of vertical nanopillars. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Coating Materials and Processing for Platform Technology)
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11 pages, 6602 KiB  
Article
Selectively UV-Blocking and Visibly Transparent Adhesive Films Embedded with TiO2/PMMA Hybrid Nanoparticles for Displays
by Jin-Wook Choi and Jun Hyup Lee
Materials 2020, 13(22), 5273; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225273 - 21 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3044
Abstract
To simultaneously achieve the high visible transparency and enhance the ultraviolet (UV)-blocking performance of displays, inorganic–organic hybrid nanoparticles, comprising TiO2 as a core and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a shell, were uniformly incorporated into the optically clear adhesive (OCA) used in the [...] Read more.
To simultaneously achieve the high visible transparency and enhance the ultraviolet (UV)-blocking performance of displays, inorganic–organic hybrid nanoparticles, comprising TiO2 as a core and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a shell, were uniformly incorporated into the optically clear adhesive (OCA) used in the front of a display device. The highly refractive TiO2 nanocore could selectively scatter UV rays, which degrade the display performance, owing to the differences in the refractive indices between the inorganic particles and PMMA matrix, thereby offering an improved UV protection property to the adhesive film. Moreover, the organic PMMA nanoshell maintained the high visible light transmittance of the pristine OCA film via the prevention of particle agglomeration. To examine the effect of the PMMA nanoshell and nanoparticle size on the optical properties of the adhesive films, the OCA films embedded with only TiO2 nanoparticles or hybrid nanoparticles with different particle sizes were prepared using a roll-to-roll process, and characterized in the range of UV and visible lights using UV-visible spectroscopy. It is experimentally revealed that the adhesive film including small TiO2/PMMA hybrid nanoparticles at an extremely low content exhibited enhanced UV-blocking properties and increased visible light transmittance compared to that with only TiO2 nanoparticles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Coating Materials and Processing for Platform Technology)
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11 pages, 2325 KiB  
Article
Role of PVDF in Rheology and Microstructure of NCM Cathode Slurries for Lithium-Ion Battery
by Sang Hoon Sung, Sunhyung Kim, Jeong Hoon Park, Jun Dong Park and Kyung Hyun Ahn
Materials 2020, 13(20), 4544; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13204544 - 13 Oct 2020
Cited by 51 | Viewed by 9540
Abstract
A binder plays a critical role in dispersion of coating liquids and the quality of coating. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is widely used as a binder in cathode slurries; however, its role as a binder is still under debate. In this paper, we study [...] Read more.
A binder plays a critical role in dispersion of coating liquids and the quality of coating. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is widely used as a binder in cathode slurries; however, its role as a binder is still under debate. In this paper, we study the role of PVDF on the rheology of cathode battery slurries consisting of Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 (NCM), carbon black (CB) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Rheology and microstructure of cathode slurries are systemically investigated with three model suspensions: CB/PVDF/NMP, NCM/PVDF/NMP and NCM/CB/PVDF/NMP. To highlight the role of PVDF in cathode slurries, we prepare the same model suspensions by replacing PVDF with PVP, and we compare the role of PVDF to PVP in the suspension rheology. We find that PVDF adsorbs neither onto NCM nor CB surface, which can be attributed to its poor affinity to NCM and CB. Rheological measurements suggest that PVDF mainly increases matrix viscosity in the suspension without affecting the microstructure formed by CB and NCM particles. In contrast to PVDF, PVP stabilizes the structure of CB and NCM in the model suspensions, as it is adsorbed on the CB surface. This study will provide a useful insight to fundamentally understand the rheology of cathode slurries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Coating Materials and Processing for Platform Technology)
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12 pages, 2744 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Triboelectric Performance of Modified PDMS Nanocomposite Multilayered Nanogenerators
by Habtamu Gebeyehu Menge, Jin Ok Kim and Yong Tae Park
Materials 2020, 13(18), 4156; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184156 - 18 Sep 2020
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 5092
Abstract
Recently, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been widely utilized to address the energy demand of portable electronic devices by harvesting electrical energy from human activities or immediate surroundings. To increase the surface charge and surface area of negative TENGs, previous studies suggested several approaches [...] Read more.
Recently, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been widely utilized to address the energy demand of portable electronic devices by harvesting electrical energy from human activities or immediate surroundings. To increase the surface charge and surface area of negative TENGs, previous studies suggested several approaches such as micro-patterned arrays, porous structures, multilayer alignment, ion injections, ground systems and mixing of high dielectric constant materials. However, the preparation processes of these nanocomposite TENGs have been found to be complex and expensive. In this work, we report a simple, efficient and inexpensive modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) using graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) fillers and a Na2CO3 template. This GNP-PDMS was chemically bonded using 3-aminopropylethoxysilane (APTES) as a linker with an electrode multilayer made by layer-by-layer deposition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly(4-styrene-sulfonic acid) (PSS)-stabilized GNP (denoted as [PVA/GNP-PSS]n). A 33 wt.% Na2CO3 and 0.5 wt.% of GNP into a PDMS-based TENG gives an open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density of up to ~270.2 V and ~0.44 μA/cm2, which are ~8.7 and ~3.5 times higher than those of the pristine PDMS, respectively. The higher output performance is due to (1) the improved surface charge density, 54.49 μC/m2, from oxygen functional moieties of GNP, (2) high surface roughness of the composite film, ~0.399 μm, which also increased the effective contact area, and (3) reduced charge leakage from chemical bonding of GNP-PDMS and [PVA/GNP-PSS]3 via APTES. The proposed TENG fabrication process could be useful for the development of other high-performance TENGs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Coating Materials and Processing for Platform Technology)
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11 pages, 2937 KiB  
Article
Highly Adhesive and Sustainable UV/Heat Dual-Curable Adhesives Embedded with Reactive Core-Shell Polymer Nanoparticles for Super-Narrow Bezel Display
by Jun Hyup Lee
Materials 2020, 13(16), 3492; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13163492 - 7 Aug 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2699
Abstract
To achieve the seamless characteristics of displays, liquid crystal (LC) devices need a super-narrow bezel design. This device architecture can be constructed using functional adhesives that possess excellent physical and chemical properties. In this study, mechanically robust ultraviolet (UV)/heat dual-curable adhesives with outstanding [...] Read more.
To achieve the seamless characteristics of displays, liquid crystal (LC) devices need a super-narrow bezel design. This device architecture can be constructed using functional adhesives that possess excellent physical and chemical properties. In this study, mechanically robust ultraviolet (UV)/heat dual-curable adhesives with outstanding reliability and processability have been fabricated using reactive poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) core-shell nanoparticles. Their curing characteristics, narrow drawing processability, adhesive strength, elongation at break, and the contact contamination of LCs have been investigated. Compared to conventional adhesive material, the proposed adhesive containing multifunctional PMMA/PEI nanoparticles afforded a high adhesion strength of 40.2 kgf cm−2 and a high elongation of 64.8% due to the formation of a firm crosslinked network with matrix resins comprising bisphenol A epoxy resin and bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate. Moreover, the proposed adhesive showed an excellent narrow drawing width of 1.2 mm, which is a prerequisite for super-narrow bezel display. With regard to LC contamination, it was found that the level of contamination could be remarkably reduced to 61 µm by a high-temperature curing process. This study makes a significant contribution to the development of advanced display, because it provides robust and sustainable display adhesives based on nanomaterials, thereby enhancing the life and sustained operability of displays. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Coating Materials and Processing for Platform Technology)
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11 pages, 1476 KiB  
Article
Effect of Immiscible Secondary Fluid on Particle Dynamics and Coffee Ring Characteristics during Suspension Drying
by Kevin Injoe Jung, Baek Sung Park, Seong Jae Lee, Seung Man Noh and Hyun Wook Jung
Materials 2020, 13(15), 3438; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13153438 - 4 Aug 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2725
Abstract
Particle motion and coffee ring patterns in water-borne suspensions of polystyrene (PS) particle added with small amounts of secondary hydrophobic decalin are investigated during the drying of the suspension droplets, mainly employing light scattering methods. Very tiny secondary fluid insertions via high-speed agitation [...] Read more.
Particle motion and coffee ring patterns in water-borne suspensions of polystyrene (PS) particle added with small amounts of secondary hydrophobic decalin are investigated during the drying of the suspension droplets, mainly employing light scattering methods. Very tiny secondary fluid insertions via high-speed agitation effectively link the particles through hydrophobic dissolution leading to the formation of multimodal particulate clusters, with resistance to the outward capillary flow and suppression of coffee ring formation after drying. The impact of decalin on particles is corroborated by actual images acquired from an optical profiler and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The average particle motion inside the suspension changed by decalin was expressed in terms of mean square displacement (MSD) based on diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS). Employing multispeckle diffusing wave spectroscopy (MSDWS), the rapid motion or β-relaxation of particles in various suspensions with and without decalin is quantified in early lag time during the drying of droplets. The change in particle dynamics during suspension drop drying, when adding a small secondary fluid, plays a key role in tuning coffee ring patterns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Coating Materials and Processing for Platform Technology)
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12 pages, 4144 KiB  
Article
Crosslinking Dynamics and Gelation Characteristics of Photo- and Thermally Polymerized Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels
by Jungmoon Sung, Dong Geun Lee, Sukchin Lee, Junyoung Park and Hyun Wook Jung
Materials 2020, 13(15), 3277; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13153277 - 23 Jul 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4088
Abstract
The crosslinking behaviors and gelation features of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels were scrutinized during the UV and thermal polymerizations of mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA, monomer) and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates (PEGDMAs, crosslinkers). The real-time crosslinking behavior of the PEG hydrogels was quantified [...] Read more.
The crosslinking behaviors and gelation features of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels were scrutinized during the UV and thermal polymerizations of mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA, monomer) and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates (PEGDMAs, crosslinkers). The real-time crosslinking behavior of the PEG hydrogels was quantified as a function of the UV irradiation time and reaction temperature during the UV and thermal polymerization, respectively, using real-time FT-IR spectrometry and rotational rheometry. The gelation characteristics of UV- and thermally crosslinked hydrogels were compared through the analysis of the gel fraction, swelling ratio, surface hardness, and the loading and release of rhodamine-B. The gelation properties of the cured hydrogel films were suitably correlated with the real-time rheological properties and crosslinked network state of the PEG mixtures. The crosslinking and gelation properties of the cured hydrogels could be optimally tuned by not only the molecular weight of the crosslinker but also the UV or thermal polymerization conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Coating Materials and Processing for Platform Technology)
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