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Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications
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Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 14540

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Xufeng Jing

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Interests: optoelectronic materials and devices; metamaterials; metasurfaces
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metamaterials are artificial structures composed of subwavelength units arranged periodically or non-periodically. The geometric structure of each antenna resonator in the array and the arrangement of the entire array can be artificially designed, so the metamaterial has many design degrees of freedom. Metamaterials can control the effective material parameters of the overall structure through the design of the unit structure, achieving equivalent zero-refractive-index materials, high-refractive-index materials and negative-refractive-index materials. Metamaterials are a field representing an interdisciplinary integration of physics, information, materials, etc. They exhibit many novel and extraordinary physical properties such as force, heat, light, sound, electricity, and magnetism. The research of metamaterials has covered the entire electromagnetic waveband, including X-ray, visible light, infrared wave, terahertz wave and microwave wavebands. The research of metamaterials involves the fields of electromagnetics, optics, acoustics, mechanics, and heat. Metamaterials are an interdisciplinary subject, including electronic engineering, condensed matter physics, microwaves, optoelectronics, classical optics, materials science, semiconductor science, nanotechnology, and so on. The metamaterial structure is fused with natural materials and is widely used in cloaking devices, holographic imaging, vector light fields, transformation optics, nonlinear optics, etc. Recently, Professor Tiejun Cui of Southeast University proposed a coding metamaterial. Digital coding-based information metamaterials have become a new development direction for metamaterials because of their field-programmable functions and ability to simultaneously control electromagnetic waves and digital information. The development of metamaterials has entered the era of metamaterials 2.0, and the research directions have gradually expanded to topological photonics, quantum optics, space photon computing, biomimetic materials, thermoelectric materials, perovskite materials, and conductive materials.

In 2011, the Capasso research group of Harvard University put forward the concept of a "metasurface" for the first time, which expanded the research scope of metamaterials. A metasurface is a two-dimensional functional planar structure composed of many subwavelength unit structures. According to the Huygens principle, a metasurface array can arbitrarily adjust the phase, amplitude and polarization of light waves. Metasurfaces are used in polarization conversion, holographic imaging, ultra-thin lenses, beam deflection, and vector light fields. Through metasurfaces, novel physical effects such as negative refraction, negative reflection, polarization rotation, convergent imaging, complex beams, and the conversion of propagating waves to surface waves can be realized. The rich and unique physical properties of metasurfaces and their flexible control capabilities for electromagnetic waves give them important application prospects in many fields such as cloaking technology, antenna technology, microwave and terahertz devices, and optoelectronic devices. The fusion of metasurfaces with deep learning and reverse design further expands their development directions. Research on dynamically tunable metasurfaces has received extensive attention from researchers. The research on metamaterials and metasurfaces may become a new direction leading the development of new industries, new technologies, and new materials. It plays a certain role in promoting the advancement of aerospace, national defense, and civil science and technology.

Dr. Xufeng Jing
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • metamaterials
  • metasurfaces
  • optical integration and communication
  • visible, infrared, terahertz, microwave
  • micro-nano optics
  • cloaking
  • super-resolution imaging and sensing
  • metalens
  • optical elements, devices, and systems
  • diffraction and scattering

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 15300 KiB  
Article
Compact and Polarization Insensitive Satellite Band Perfect Metamaterial Absorber for Effective Electromagnetic Communication System
by Md. Salah Uddin Afsar, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque, Sabirin Abdullah and K. S. Al-Mugren
Materials 2023, 16(13), 4776; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134776 - 2 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1389
Abstract
A commercially viable metal–dielectric–metal configured triple-band metamaterial absorber is offered in this paper. It is an aggregation of four compact symmetric circles, with a swastika-shaped metal structure, which are bonded by two split-ring resonators (SRRs). Copper (annealed) of electrical conductivity 5.8 × 10 [...] Read more.
A commercially viable metal–dielectric–metal configured triple-band metamaterial absorber is offered in this paper. It is an aggregation of four compact symmetric circles, with a swastika-shaped metal structure, which are bonded by two split-ring resonators (SRRs). Copper (annealed) of electrical conductivity 5.8 × 107 Sm−1 is used for the ground plate and resonator portion of the top layer and an FR 4 dielectric of permittivity 4.3 is used as a substrate. The structural parameters of the unit cell were determined by a trial and error method. FIT-based 3D simulation software (CST microwave studio, 2019 version was used to characterize the proposed perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA). Three resonance peaks were observed at frequencies 3.03, 5.83 and 7.23 GHz with an absorbance of 99.84%, 99.03% and 98.26%, respectively. The numerical result has been validated by some authentic validation methods. Finally, a microwave network analyzer (PNA) of Agilent N5227 with waveguide ports were deployed for measurement. The simulation and experimental results show better harmony. The proposed PMA has a unique design and a small dimension with higher absorption compared to other contemporary studies. This special type of polarization, insensitive S- and C-band PMA, is designed for a telecommunication system via full-time raw satellite and radar feeds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications)
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11 pages, 7751 KiB  
Article
Multi-Function Reflective Vector Light Fields Generated by All-Dielectric Encoding Metasurface
by Qingyu Wang, Chenxia Li, Bo Fang and Xufeng Jing
Materials 2022, 15(22), 8260; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228260 - 21 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1362
Abstract
Traditional optics usually studies the uniform polarization state of light. Compared with uniform vector beams, non-uniform vector beams have more polarization information. Most of the research on generating cylindrical vector beams using metasurfaces focuses on generating transmitted beams using the geometric phase. However, [...] Read more.
Traditional optics usually studies the uniform polarization state of light. Compared with uniform vector beams, non-uniform vector beams have more polarization information. Most of the research on generating cylindrical vector beams using metasurfaces focuses on generating transmitted beams using the geometric phase. However, the geometric phase requires the incident light to be circularly polarized, which limits the design freedom. Here, an all-dielectric reflective metasurface is designed to generate different output light according to the different polarization states of the incident light. By combining the two encoding arrangements of the dynamic phase and the geometric phase, the output light is a radial vector beam when the linearly polarized light is incident along the x-direction. Under the incidence of linearly polarized light along the y-direction, the generated output light is an azimuthal vector beam. Under the incidence of left-handed circularly polarized light, the generated output light is a vortex beam with a topological charge of −1. Under the incidence of right-handed circularly polarized light, the generated output light is a vortex beam with a topological charge of +1. The proposed reflective metasurface has potential applications in generating vector beams with high integration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications)
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19 pages, 3955 KiB  
Article
Mid-Infrared Broadband Achromatic Metalens with Wide Field of View
by Yurong Jiang, Cheng Cui, Jinmin Zhao and Bin Hu
Materials 2022, 15(21), 7587; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217587 - 28 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2111
Abstract
Metasurfaces have the ability to flexibly control the light wavefront, and they are expected to fill the gaps of traditional optics. However, various aberrations pose challenges for the application of metasurfaces in the wide angle and wide spectral ranges. The previous multi-aberration simultaneous [...] Read more.
Metasurfaces have the ability to flexibly control the light wavefront, and they are expected to fill the gaps of traditional optics. However, various aberrations pose challenges for the application of metasurfaces in the wide angle and wide spectral ranges. The previous multi-aberration simultaneous optimization works had shortcomings such as large computational load, complex structure, and low generality. Here, we propose a metalens design method that corrects both monochromatic and chromatic aberrations simultaneously. The monochromatic aberration-corrected phase distribution is obtained by the optical design, and the chromatic aberration is reduced by using the original search algorithm combined with dispersion engineering. The designed single-layered wide-angle achromatic metalens has a balanced and efficient focusing effect in the mid-infrared band from 3.7 μm to 5 μm and a wide angle of ±30°. The design method proposed has the advantages of low computational load, wide application range, and easy experimental fabrication, which provides new inspiration for the development of generalized software for the design and optimization of metasurfaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications)
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12 pages, 5757 KiB  
Article
Multifunctional Coding-Feeding Metasurface Based on Phase Manipulation
by Guo-Shuai Huang, Si-Jia Li, Zhuo-Yue Li, Xiao-Bin Liu, Cheng-Yuan He, Huan-Huan Yang and Xiang-Yu Cao
Materials 2022, 15(19), 7031; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15197031 - 10 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1498
Abstract
Multiple functionalities on a shared aperture are crucial for metasurfaces (MSs) in many applications. In this paper, we propose a coding-feeding metasurface (CFMS) with the multiple functions of high-gain radiation, orbital angular momentum (OAM) generation, and radar cross-section (RCS) reduction based on phase [...] Read more.
Multiple functionalities on a shared aperture are crucial for metasurfaces (MSs) in many applications. In this paper, we propose a coding-feeding metasurface (CFMS) with the multiple functions of high-gain radiation, orbital angular momentum (OAM) generation, and radar cross-section (RCS) reduction based on phase manipulation. The unit cell of the CFMS is composed of a rectangular emission patch and two quasi-Minkowski patches for reflective phase manipulation, which are on a shared aperture. The high-gain radiation and multiple modes of ±1, ±2, and ±3 OAM generation were realized by rationally setting the elements and the phase of their excitation. The CFMS presents a broadband RCS reduction of 8 dB from 3.18 GHz to 7.56 GHz for y-polarization and dual-band RCS reduction for x-polarization based on phase interference. To validate the concept of the CFMS, a prototype was fabricated and measured. The results of the measurement agree well with the simulation. A CFMS with the advantages of light weight and low profile has potential application in detection and wireless communication systems for stealth aircraft. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications)
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12 pages, 3531 KiB  
Article
Metasurfaces for Amplitude-Tunable Superposition of Plasmonic Orbital Angular Momentum States
by Yuqin Zhang, Jianshan An, Xingqi An, Xiangyu Zeng, Changwei He, Guiyuan Liu, Chuanfu Cheng and Hongsheng Song
Materials 2022, 15(18), 6334; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186334 - 13 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1354
Abstract
The superposition of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) field has attracted much attention in recent years for its potential applications in classical physics problems and quantum communications. The flexible adjustment of the amplitudes of two OAM states can [...] Read more.
The superposition of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) field has attracted much attention in recent years for its potential applications in classical physics problems and quantum communications. The flexible adjustment of the amplitudes of two OAM states can provide more freedom for the manipulation of superposed states. Here, we propose a type of plasmonic metasurface consisting of segmented spiral-shaped nanoslits that not only can generate the superposition of two OAM states with arbitrary topological charges (TCs), but also can independently modulate their relative amplitudes in a flexible manner. The TCs of two OAM states can be simultaneously modulated by incident light, the rotation rate of the nanoslits, and the geometric parameters of the segmented spiral. The relative amplitudes of the two OAM states are freely controllable by meticulously tuning the width of the nanoslits. Under a circularly polarized beam illumination, two OAM states of opposite TCs can be superposed with various weightings. Furthermore, hybrid superposition with different TCs is also demonstrated. The presented design scheme offers an opportunity to develop practical plasmonic devices and on-chip applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications)
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10 pages, 3987 KiB  
Article
Hilbert-Coding Metasurface for Diverse Electromagnetic Controls
by Jianjiao Hao, Fuju Ye, Ying Ruan, Lei Chen and Haoyang Cui
Materials 2022, 15(17), 5913; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15175913 - 26 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1507
Abstract
Metamaterials, or metasurfaces, allow the flexible and efficient manipulation of electromagnetic (EM) wave. Although the passive coding metasurfaces have achieved a great deal of functionality, they also need a complex design process. In this paper, we propose Hilbert-coding metasurfaces for flexible and convenient [...] Read more.
Metamaterials, or metasurfaces, allow the flexible and efficient manipulation of electromagnetic (EM) wave. Although the passive coding metasurfaces have achieved a great deal of functionality, they also need a complex design process. In this paper, we propose Hilbert-coding metasurfaces for flexible and convenient EM regulation by arranging Hilbert-coding metamaterial units of different orders. To demonstrate this behavior, we designed 12 metasurfaces, then fabricated and measured 6 samples. Validation results on 6 Hilbert-coding metasurfaces show the deflection angles of the four single beam patterns obtained are about 21°, 13°, 12°, and 39°, with energy values of 7.75 dB, 7.3 dB, 7.2 dB, and 7.7 dB, respectively, and the deflection angles of the dual-beam patterns are 28.5° and 20° with energy values of 10.05 dB and 11.4 dB, respectively. The results are quite consistent with the simulation data, further confirming the feasibility of our idea. In addition, there are potential applications in Wireless Communications and Radar-imaging, like EM beam scanning and EM field energy distribution control in communication and imaging scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications)
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10 pages, 11217 KiB  
Article
Suspended Metasurface for Broadband High-Efficiency Vortex Beam Generation
by Luyi Wang, Hongyu Shi, Jianjia Yi, Liang Dong, Haiwen Liu, Anxue Zhang and Zhuo Xu
Materials 2022, 15(3), 707; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030707 - 18 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2019
Abstract
Electromagnetic (EM) waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) exhibit phase vortex and amplitude singularity. Broadband OAM generation with high efficiency is highly desired with suggested applications such as broadband imaging and communications. In this paper, suspended metasurface structure achieving low-Q factor is proposed [...] Read more.
Electromagnetic (EM) waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) exhibit phase vortex and amplitude singularity. Broadband OAM generation with high efficiency is highly desired with suggested applications such as broadband imaging and communications. In this paper, suspended metasurface structure achieving low-Q factor is proposed to realize broadband phase control and excellent reflection efficiency. Broadband vortex beam generation with OAM order of 1 and 2 are realized using the proposed suspended structure. Furthermore, by analyzing different metasurface aperture phase distribution schemes, the efficiency of the OAM generator is maximally achieved. The designs are validated by simulation and measurement. The proposed OAM generators work across 4–10 GHz with efficiency higher than 82%. This design provides a route to broadband metasurface realization and high efficiency OAM generation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications)
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Review

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20 pages, 8002 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress in Resonant Acoustic Metasurfaces
by Dongan Liu, Limei Hao, Weiren Zhu, Xiao Yang, Xiaole Yan, Chen Guan, You Xie, Shaofang Pang and Zhi Chen
Materials 2023, 16(21), 7044; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16217044 - 5 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1821
Abstract
Acoustic metasurfaces, as two-dimensional acoustic metamaterials, are a current research topic for their sub-wavelength thickness and excellent acoustic wave manipulation. They hold significant promise in noise reduction and isolation, cloaking, camouflage, acoustic imaging, and focusing. Resonant structural units are utilized to construct acoustic [...] Read more.
Acoustic metasurfaces, as two-dimensional acoustic metamaterials, are a current research topic for their sub-wavelength thickness and excellent acoustic wave manipulation. They hold significant promise in noise reduction and isolation, cloaking, camouflage, acoustic imaging, and focusing. Resonant structural units are utilized to construct acoustic metasurfaces with the unique advantage of controlling large wavelengths within a small size. In this paper, the recent research progresses of the resonant metasurfaces are reviewed, covering the design mechanisms and advances of structural units, the classification and application of the resonant metasurfaces, and the tunable metasurfaces. Finally, research interest in this field is predicted in future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications)
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