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State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering in Romania 2022

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2022) | Viewed by 12282

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Prof. Dr. Iulian Vasile Antoniac

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: biodegradable metallic biomaterials; medical devices; surface modification; tissue–biomaterials interaction; bioceramics; biocomposites; biointerfaces; tissue engineering; bone regeneration; retrieval and failure analysis of orthopedic and dental implants
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Dr. Aura-Catalina Mocanu

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Guest Editor Assistant

Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: materials characterization and testing; biomaterials; bioceramics; composites; bone regeneration; 3D printing
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Dr. Ana-Iulia Bita

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Guest Editor Assistant

Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: materials characterization and testing; biomaterials; biodegradable metals; implants; surgical instruments; 3D printing; surface engineering; adhesion and interface phenomena
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit manuscripts to the Special Issue “State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering in Romania”.

The main purpose of this Special Issue is to publish selected, original scientific papers written by Romanian scientists, describing research work carried out on materials using the latest technological advancements. The thematic scope is by no means limited, and we count on interesting and innovative papers contributing to the development of this interdisciplinary area of material scientific and technical research.

Materials present a research challenge in various fields such as biomedical, security and defense, electronics, aerospace and automotive, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, and natural science.

We welcome original research and reviews focusing on advanced and smart materials, from a macro to nano level, surface modifications, mechanical and thermo-physical properties, characterization techniques, new technological solutions, and process improvements dedicated to progress in materials sciences and engineering.

Let us present research novelties in materials science and increase the visibility of Romanian research potentials in the materials science and engineering field.

Prof. Dr. Iulian Vasile Antoniac
Dr. Aura-Catalina Mocanu
Dr. Ana-Iulia Bita
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

functional materials
structure properties relationships
processes and technologies
characterization and testing
surface modification
3D printing
failure analysis

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2052 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Bond Strength of Four Different Root Canal Sealers

by Sanda Ileana Cimpean, Adela Loredana Colceriu Burtea, Radu Stefan Chiorean, Mircea Cristian Dudescu, Aurora Antoniac, Alina Robu, Radu Septimiu Campian and Lucia Iacobina Timis

Materials 2022, 15(14), 4966; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144966 - 17 Jul 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1988

Abstract

The purposes of the study were to evaluate the influence of the sealer’s chemical composition on the interfacial strength between root canal dentin and root filling material, for two different classes of endodontic sealers, and to assess their failure modes. Methods: Forty extracted single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into four groups using the following endodontic sealers: RealSeal SE and Resilon (RSSE); EndoSequence BC sealer and BC Point (EBCS); Endoseal MTA and gutta-percha (EDS); Bioroot RCS and gutta-percha (BRS). Teeth were embedded in acrylic resin, and the roots were sectioned horizontally into 1 mm slices. For each slice, the perimeter was measured. A push-out test was performed using an Instron universal testing machine. For each sample, bond strength was calculated. Specimens were examined by SEM investigation in order to analyze the dentin–sealer–core interface. Results were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey and Bonferroni test. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that EDS and gutta-percha had significantly higher resistance to dislodgement compared to the other three groups (p < 0.05). EBCS and BC Point showed significantly greater push-out bond strength values compared to RSSE and Resilon (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Bioceramic endodontic sealers showed a higher bond strength to root dentin than methacrylate resin-based endodontic sealer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering in Romania 2022)

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12 pages, 6572 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Hot Corrosion in Molten Na₂SO₄ and V₂O₅ of Inconel 625 Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting versus Conventional Technology

by Teodor Adrian Badea, Dan Batalu, Nicolae Constantin, Alexandru Paraschiv, Delia Pătroi and Laurentiu Constantin Ceatra

Materials 2022, 15(12), 4082; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124082 - 8 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1550

Abstract

Inconel 625 samples, obtained by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and conventional technology, were tested for hot corrosion resistance against a molten mixture of Na₂SO₄ and V₂O₅. The assessments were performed in air, at 900 °C with exposure time of up to 96 h, and at 1000 °C for 8 h. Weight gain was higher for samples obtained by SLM, with 37.4% after 8 h, 3.98% after 24 h, 4.46% after 48 h, and 5.8% after 96 h at 900 °C (22.6% at 1000 °C, 8 h). Three stages of corrosion were observed, the first and last with a high corrosion rate, while the second one showed a slower corrosion rate. Corrosion behaviour depends on the morphology of the grain boundary, which can influence the infiltration of corrosive salts, and on the formation of Cr₂NiO₄ compound, which acts as a temporary barrier. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering in Romania 2022)

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19 pages, 8223 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of Scanning Strategies and Laser Remelting Effects on Top Surface Deformation of Additively Manufactured IN 625

by Alexandru Paraschiv, Gheorghe Matache, Nicolae Constantin and Mihai Vladut

Materials 2022, 15(9), 3198; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093198 - 28 Apr 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1880

Abstract

The main drawbacks of the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process are the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of manufactured parts due to the edge and corner effects. These effects can be diminished by using an appropriate balance of the process parameters and scanning strategies. This paper focuses on the assessment of reducing the edge and corner effects that occur in additively manufactured IN 625 alloy via the LPBF technique by varying the hatch angle rotation (by 45°, 67°, and 90°) and volumetric energy density (VED), and using the laser top surface remelting technique (LSR). The edge and corner effects of the cubic samples were quantitatively evaluated on the top surface by 3D laser surface scanning. It was found that the edge and corner effects became more pronounced in the cases of samples built with no contour and hatch angles of 45° and 67°, while the smallest deformations were obtained when the hatch angle was rotated by 90°. Moreover, the heights of both the edge and corner ridges increase as the number of remeltings passing the top layer increases. Conversely, when a lower VED was used for melting the top layer(s) of the samples, the edge and corner ridges were slightly reduced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering in Romania 2022)

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15 pages, 3407 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bone Cements Used for Hip Prosthesis Fixation: The Influence of the Handling Procedures on Functional Properties Observed during In Vitro Study

by Alina Robu, Robert Ciocoiu, Aurora Antoniac, Iulian Antoniac, Anca Daniela Raiciu, Horatiu Dura, Norin Forna, Mihai Bogdan Cristea and Ioana Dana Carstoc

Materials 2022, 15(9), 2967; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15092967 - 19 Apr 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3715

Abstract

The failure of hip prostheses is a problem that requires further investigation and analysis. Although total hip replacement is an extremely successful operation, the number of revision surgeries needed after this procedure is expected to continue to increase due to issues with both bone cement types and cementation techniques (depending on the producer). To conduct a comparative analysis, as a surgeon prepared the bone cement and introduced it in the body, this study’s team of researchers prepared three types of commercial bone cements with the samples mixed and placed them in specimens, following the timeline of the surgery. In order to evaluate the factors that influenced the chemical composition and structure of each bone cement sample under specific intraoperative conditions, analyses of the handling properties, mechanical properties, structure, and composition were carried out. The results show that poor handling can impede prosthesis–cement interface efficacy over time. Therefore, it is recommended that manual mixing be avoided as much as possible, as the manual preparation of the cement can sometimes lead to structural unevenness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering in Romania 2022)

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19 pages, 24973 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Graphite Compactness Degree and Nodularity of High-Si Ductile Iron Produced via Permanent Mold versus Sand Mold Casting

by Denisa-Elena Anca, Iuliana Stan, Iulian Riposan and Stelian Stan

Materials 2022, 15(8), 2712; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082712 - 7 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1873

Abstract

In recent years, high-Si ductile cast irons (3–6% Si) have begun to be used more and more in the automotive and maritime industries, but also in wind energy technology and mechanical engineering. Si-alloyed ferrite has high strength, hardness and oxidation and corrosion resistance, but it has low ductility, toughness and thermal conductivity, with graphite as an important influencing factor. In this study, 4.5% Si uninoculated ductile iron solidified in thin wall castings (up to 15 mm section size) via a permanent (metal) mold versus a sand mold, was evaluated. Solidification in a metal mold led to small size, higher graphite particles (less dependent on the section size). The graphite particles’ real perimeter was 3–5% higher than the convex perimeter, while the values of these parameters were 41–43% higher in the sand mold. Increasing the casting section size led to an increased graphite perimeter, with it being much higher for sand mold. The graphite particles’ shape factors, involving the maximum and minimum size, were at a lower level for metal mold solidification, while by involving the difference between P_r and P_c, is higher for the metal mold. The shape factor, including the graphite area and maximum size, had higher values in the metal mold, sustaining a higher compactness degree of graphite particles and a higher nodularity regarding metal mold solidification (75.5% versus 67.4%). The higher was due to the graphite compactness degree level (shape factor increasing from 0.50 up to 0.80), while the lower was due to the graphite nodularity for both the metal mold (39.1% versus 88.5%) and the sand mold (32.3% versus 83.1%). The difference between the metal mold and sand mold as the average graphite nodularity increased favored the metal mold. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering in Romania 2022)

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