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Advances in Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 3825

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, GR 26504 Patras, Greece
2. Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR 26504 Patras, Greece
Interests: biomaterials; gels; calcium phosphates; biomineralization; alginates; zinc oxide; calcium oxalate
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bone defects can be caused by tumors resection, injuries, or other pathologic situations. Managing of bone defects is important since they can cause serious disability problems. The use of biomaterials to heal bone defects targets both functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of the patient. Calcium phosphate bone cements (CPCs) have been used in clinical practice since the early nineties in managing bone defects. The in situ hardening and injectability of CPCs are one of the advantages in comparison to other reshaped synthetic grafts such as bioceramics. Calcium phosphate bone cements are prepared by mixing a solid and liquid phase. The solid phase consists of one or more salts containing phosphate and calcium and the liquid phase involves water or an aqueous phosphate solution. Mixing these two phases at room temperature produces a mixture that hardens over time due to the development of hydroxyapatite or brushite crystals. The cement is applied to the injured area, shaped by the surgeon, and, finally, it will decompose over time and replaced by the newly formed bone.

The articles presented in this Special Issue will cover various topics, ranging from materials preparation, the chemistry of cement hardening, textural and structural characterization, mechanisms of transformation into calcium deficient hydroxyapatite or brushite, modern methods of producing CPCs scaffolds such as 3D printing, and clinical applications of CPCs. It is our pleasure to invite you to submit review articles, original papers, and communications for this Special Issue "Advances in Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements".

Prof. Dr. Nikolaos Bouropoulos
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Synthesis and characterizations of CPCs
  • Mechanical properties of CPCs
  • Composite CPCs
  • 3D printing of CPCs
  • CPPCs as drug delivery systems
  • α-tricalcium phosphate transformation
  • Theoretical and computational studies on CPCs
  • Cement based calcium phosphate bone grafts
  • Porous CPCs

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

27 pages, 14474 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Properties, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate/Amino Acid Cements for Treatment of Osteochondral Defects
by Lubomir Medvecky, Maria Giretova, Radoslava Stulajterova, Jan Danko, Katarina Vdoviakova, Lenka Kresakova, Zdenek Zert, Eva Petrovova, Katarina Holovska, Maros Varga, Lenka Luptakova and Tibor Sopcak
Materials 2021, 14(2), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020436 - 17 Jan 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3094
Abstract
Novel calcium phosphate cements containing a mixture of four amino acids, glycine, proline, hydroxyproline and either lysine or arginine (CAL, CAK) were characterized and used for treatment of artificial osteochondral defects in knee. It was hypothesized that an enhanced concentration of extracellular collagen [...] Read more.
Novel calcium phosphate cements containing a mixture of four amino acids, glycine, proline, hydroxyproline and either lysine or arginine (CAL, CAK) were characterized and used for treatment of artificial osteochondral defects in knee. It was hypothesized that an enhanced concentration of extracellular collagen amino acids (in complex mixture), in connection with bone cement in defect sites, would support the healing of osteochondral defects with successful formation of hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone. Calcium phosphate cement mixtures were prepared by in situ reaction in a planetary ball mill at aseptic conditions and characterized. It was verified that about 30–60% of amino acids remained adsorbed on hydroxyapatite particles in cements and the addition of amino acids caused around 60% reduction in compressive strength and refinement of hydroxyapatite particles in their microstructure. The significant over-expression of osteogenic genes after the culture of osteoblasts was demonstrated in the cement extracts containing lysine and compared with other cements. The cement pastes were inserted into artificial osteochondral defects in the medial femoral condyle of pigs and, after 3 months post-surgery, tissues were analyzed macroscopically, histologically, immunohistochemically using MRI and X-ray methods. Analysis clearly showed the excellent healing process of artificial osteochondral defects in pigs after treatment with CAL and CAK cements without any inflammation, as well as formation of subchondral bone and hyaline cartilage morphologically and structurally identical to the original tissues. Good integration of the hyaline neocartilage with the surrounding tissue, as well as perfect interconnection between the neocartilage and new subchondral bone tissue, was demonstrated. Tissues were stable after 12 months’ healing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements)
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