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Graded Metal Matrix Composites: Additive Manufacturing, Properties and Applications
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Graded Metal Matrix Composites: Additive Manufacturing, Properties and Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 6252

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Igor V. Shishkovsky

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
Interests: additive manufacturing; combinatorial design of advanced materials; functional graded materials and devices; MMC & PMC
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Graded materials (GMs) are a new generation of composite materials characterized by continuously varying properties—such as composition, morphology, and crystal structure—resulting from a permanent change in microstructure details from one surface of the material to the other. The concept of functional GM is to take advantage of certain desirable features of each of the constituent phases (such as metal, ceramic, polymer, fiber, and pore) and to optimize the distribution of material properties (such as strength, hardness, thermal resistance, etc.) so that the desired responses to a given mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, or biochemical resistance are achieved. GMs can be used to improve fracture toughness of machine tools, as thermal or flow gradient structures, and to modify the wear and corrosion (oxidation) resistance of high-temperature aerospace, automotive, or chemical industry components. An additive manufacturing (AM) approach is very attractive in such engineering applications, and involves the joining of structural components and electromechanical or biochemical devices.

The metal and polymer matrix composite (M&PMC) approaches in AM can be extended for FGM design. It could be possible to fabricate FGS throughout separate structural blocks (particles, grains, domains) that correspond more to the material design at the mesolevel.

The proposed Special Issue will cover all areas related to theory and methodology, properties, and applications of GM via M&PMC. Hot topics to be covered by the Special Issue:

  • How effectively could the reinforced alloying elements and/or ceramic additives be mixed in the melt bath during AM?
  • Is it possible to effectively manage properties via reinforcement of matrix structure distribution?
  • How effective is the solubility and wettability of the introduced components within the metal and/or polymer matrix in the solidified and remelted states?
  • Is it possible to obtain a eutectic equilibrium and/or uniform solid solutions with a gradient stratified by the crystallized volume?
  • Determining the optimum spatial dependence for material properties;
  • Predicting the characteristic of an FGM for a given property profile;
  • The necessity to develop testing methods for determining possible processes and failure conditions which allow for prediction of the performance of FGM in industrial applications.

Prof. Igor V. Shishkovsky
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • additive manufacturing of graded materials
  • metal matrix composites (MMC)
  • polymer matrix composites (PMC)
  • combinatorial design of composites
  • multilevel relationship between properties (e.g., between microstructure, chemical composition, processing and volume properties)
  • relationship between the experimental testing and predictive modeling of M&PMC

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 2779 KiB  
Article
Thermodynamic Conditions for Consolidation of Dissimilar Materials in Bimetal and Functional Graded Structures
by Alexander Khaimovich, Yaroslav Erisov and Igor Shishkovsky
Materials 2022, 15(3), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030825 - 21 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1437
Abstract
Functional Graded Structures and Functional Graded parts, made using dissimilar materials, are designed to provide specific properties to the final product. One of the most promising methods for manufacturing 3D Functional Graded objects is 3D laser cladding and/or direct energy deposition. However, the [...] Read more.
Functional Graded Structures and Functional Graded parts, made using dissimilar materials, are designed to provide specific properties to the final product. One of the most promising methods for manufacturing 3D Functional Graded objects is 3D laser cladding and/or direct energy deposition. However, the construction of graded and especially layered graded structures in the process of joining materials with different thermophysical properties under certain conditions is accompanied by the formation of cracks along the phase boundaries, which are a consequence of residual stresses and/or chemical segregations. The conditions for phase consolidation are macroscopic balancing of residual stresses in the region of the interface. In a broader sense, in the field of the interface, it is necessary to consider the thermodynamic equilibrium of the phases in connection with mechanical equilibrium. In this regard, the article proposed criteria for the thermodynamic affinity of phases in the area of the Functional Graded Structures interface, including the coefficients of thermal expansion and isobaric and isochoric heat capacities of the phases. Examples of cracking and the use of the obtained criteria are provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graded Metal Matrix Composites: Additive Manufacturing, Properties and Applications)
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11 pages, 2138 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Metal Matrix Composites Based on CrxNiy-TiN for Additive Technology
by Alexey Matveev, Vladimir Promakhov, Nikita Schultz and Alexander Vorozhtsov
Materials 2021, 14(20), 5914; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14205914 - 9 Oct 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1854
Abstract
The novelty of this work consists of obtaining original fundamental data on the laws of synthesis of new metal matrix composite materials for additive technologies. CrN + TiNi composites were obtained using the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. In this work, analysis of [...] Read more.
The novelty of this work consists of obtaining original fundamental data on the laws of synthesis of new metal matrix composite materials for additive technologies. CrN + TiNi composites were obtained using the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. In this work, analysis of the parameters of the synthesis of composite materials as well as their structure and phase composition were carried out. A scheme for the formation of a composite structure is established; it is shown that the phase composition is represented by 54.6 wt.% CrN and 45.4 wt.% TiNi. It was shown that composites based on the system are suitable for machines that make use of direct laser deposition to grow layers of materials. Sample structure and phase parameters were studied. It is shown that titanium nitride particles are uniformly distributed in the CrNi intermetallic matrix, the TiN particle size ranges from 0.3 to 9 μm and the average particle size is 2.8 μm. The results obtained indicate the possibility of synthesizing promising metal matrix composite materials for additive technologies. Such materials may have increased hardness, operating temperature and strength. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graded Metal Matrix Composites: Additive Manufacturing, Properties and Applications)
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24 pages, 9420 KiB  
Article
Analytical Evaluation of the Dendritic Structure Parameters and Crystallization Rate of Laser-Deposited Cu-Fe Functionally Graded Materials
by Konstantin Makarenko, Oleg Dubinin and Igor Shishkovsky
Materials 2020, 13(24), 5665; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245665 (registering DOI) - 11 Dec 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2131
Abstract
The paper is devoted to the direct energy deposition (DED) of functionally graded materials (FGMs) created from stainless steel and aluminum bronze with 10% content of Al and 1% of Fe. The results of the microstructure analysis using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) demonstrate [...] Read more.
The paper is devoted to the direct energy deposition (DED) of functionally graded materials (FGMs) created from stainless steel and aluminum bronze with 10% content of Al and 1% of Fe. The results of the microstructure analysis using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) demonstrate the existence of a dendritic structure in the specimens. The crystallization rate of the gradient binary Cu-Fe system structures was investigated and calculated using the model of a fast-moving concentrated source with an ellipsoid crystallization front. The width of the secondary elements of the dendrites in the crystallized slab was numerically estimated as 0.2 nm at the center point of the circle heat spot, and the two types of dendrites were predicted in the specimen: the dendrites from 0.2 to approximately 50 nm and from approximately 0.1 to 0.3 μm in width of the secondary elements. The results were found to be in good accordance with the measured experimental values of the dendritic structure geometry parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graded Metal Matrix Composites: Additive Manufacturing, Properties and Applications)
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