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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2018) | Viewed by 24163

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Fumio Narita

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Guest Editor

Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Interests: mechanics and design; multiscale and multiphysics simulation; fracture and damage; multifunctional composite materials; realization of a sustainable society
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The interest in magnetostrictive composite materials has steadily increased in recent years. The reason for this success is that the new generation of composite material systems show special functionalities: Sensing, actuation, structural health monitoring, vibration control, energy harvesting. Magnetostrictive composite materials, including electromagnetic (ME) composites and magneto-sensitive elastomers, are used in the realization of smart materials and structures. The constitutive behavior of these composite materials couples their mechanical response with other physical fields. In magnetostrictive materials, the magnetic behavior is coupled with the mechanical one due to the direct magnetostrictive effect and inverse (Villari) effect.

The integration of magnetostrictive (active) materials into the traditional (passive) ones is a key aspect in the material and structural behavior, and this integration can occur at different scales and in different ways. At the micromechanical level, particles, fibers, and thin films of magnetostrictive materials can be arranged irregularly or regularly in passive ones. At a macroscopic level, the arrangement of active and passive parts can assume the shape of a bar, plate or shell. These give an idea of the motivations that drive the research effort in modelling and simulation, fabrication and characterization, reliability and durability of the magnetostrictive composite materials, and the reason why this is a very challenging open research field.

This Special Issue covers a very wide and varied range of subject areas that fall under its title-theme, and all aspects (theoretical, computational, experimental studies and/or industrial applications) of magnetostrictive composite materials from state-of-the-art fundamental research to applied research and applications in emerging technologies.

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Fumio Narita
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Multi-scale mechanics and multi-physics
Simulation and experiment
Electromagnetic composite materials
Strength and function
Smart materials and structures

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 13023 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Preparation of Straw Fiber Reinforced Hydrolyzed Soy Protein Isolate/Urea/Formaldehyde Composites for Biocomposite Flower Pots Application

by Enhui Sun, Guangfu Liao, Qian Zhang, Ping Qu, Guofeng Wu, Yueding Xu, Cheng Yong and Hongying Huang

Materials 2018, 11(9), 1695; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091695 - 12 Sep 2018

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4953

Abstract

The effects of soil burial on the biodegradation of biocomposite flower pots (BFP) made from straw fiber (SF) and hydrolyzed soy protein isolate/urea/formaldehyde (HSPI/U/F) copolymer resin were studied in detail. The microstructure, crystallinity, functional groups, mechanical, degradation and thermal property of the prepared SF with HSPI/U/F copolymer resin have been studied, and the degradation mechanism was also elucidated. XRD results showed that the bond breakage between SF and HSPI/U/F copolymer resin induced a decrease in relative degradation-resistant crystal structures. FTIR spectra showed that the methylolated HSPI units could form a cross-linking network with U/F and SF. The BFP degradation after soil burial was mainly attributed to the effects of microorganisms. The degradation products were environmentally friendly, because they were degradable and could fertilize the soil. In addition, the U/F adhesives were slightly degraded by the microorganisms due to the HSPI in the pots. The TG and DSC results showed that the molecular motion of the BFP matrix could be restricted by the degradation action and the content of HSPI, resulting in decreased crystallization enthalpy and showing good thermal property. The tensile strength of different reinforced samples was not significantly reduced in comparison to U/F resin, and still kept good mechanical performance. Thus, the prepared SF reinforced HSPI/U/F copolymer resins could have good potential for use in the field of biodegradable flower pots because of their good thermal property, mechanical property, biodegradability, and relatively low cost. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetostrictive Composite Materials)

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11 pages, 4546 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Giant Enhancement of Magnetostrictive Response in Directionally-Solidified Fe₈₃Ga₁₇Er_x Compounds

by Radhika Barua, Parisa Taheri, Yajie Chen, Anjela Koblischka-Veneva, Michael R. Koblischka, Liping Jiang and Vincent G. Harris

Materials 2018, 11(6), 1039; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11061039 - 19 Jun 2018

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4280

Abstract

We report, for the first time, correlations between crystal structure, microstructure and magnetofunctional response in directionally solidified [110]-textured Fe₈₃Ga₁₇Er_x (0 < x < 1.2) alloys. The morphology of the doped samples consists of columnar grains, mainly composed of a matrix phase and precipitates of a secondary phase deposited along the grain boundary region. An enhancement of more than ~275% from ~45 to 170 ppm is observed in the saturation magnetostriction value (λ_s) of Fe₈₃Ga₁₇Er_x alloys with the introduction of small amounts of Er. Moreover, it was noted that the low field derivative of magnetostriction with respect to an applied magnetic field (

i . e ., d λ_{s} / d H_{a p p}

for H_app up to 1000 Oe) increases by ~230% with Er doping (

d λ_{s} / d H_{a p p, FeGa} =

0.045 ppm/Oe;

d λ_{s} / d H_{a p p, FeGaEr} =

0.15 ppm/Oe). The enhanced magnetostrictive response of the Fe₈₃Ga₁₇Er_x alloys is ascribed to an amalgamation of microstructural and electronic factors, namely: (i) improved grain orientation and local strain effects due to deposition of Er in the intergranular region; and (ii) strong local magnetocrystalline anisotropy, due to the highly anisotropic localized nature of the 4f electronic charge distribution of the Er atom. Overall, this work provides guidelines for further improving galfenol-based materials systems for diverse applications in the power and energy sector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetostrictive Composite Materials)

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13 pages, 48629 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Magnetostrictive Transducer Designs for Emerging Application Areas of NDE

by Sergey Vinogradov, Adam Cobb and Jay Fisher

Materials 2018, 11(5), 755; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11050755 - 8 May 2018

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 6031

Abstract

Magnetostrictive transduction has been widely utilized in nondestructive evaluation (NDE) applications, specifically for the generation and reception of guided waves for the long-range inspection of components such as pipes, vessels, and small tubes. Transverse-motion guided wave modes (e.g., torsional vibrations in pipes) are the most common choice for long-range inspection applications, because the wave motion is in the plane of the structure surface, and therefore does not couple well to the surrounding material. Magnetostrictive-based sensors for these wave modes using the Wiedemann effect have been available for several years. An alternative configuration of a sensor for generating and receiving these transverse-motion guided waves swaps the biasing and time-varying magnetic field directions. This alternative design is a reversed Wiedemann effect magnetostrictive transducer. These transducers exhibit a number of unique features compared with the more conventional Wiedemann sensor, including: (1) the use of smaller rare earth permanent magnets to achieve large, uniform, and self-sustained bias field strengths; (2) the use of more efficient electric coil arrangements to induce a stronger time-varying magnetic field for a given coil impedance; (3) beneficial non-linear operating characteristics, given the efficiency improvements in both magnetic fields; and (4) the ability to generate unidirectional guided waves when the field arrangement is combined with a magnetically soft ferromagnetic strip (patch). Reversed Wiedemann effect magnetostrictive transducers will be presented that are suitable for different inspection applications, one using electromagnetic generation and reception directly in a ferromagnetic material, and another design that integrates a magnetostrictive patch to improve its efficiency and enable special operating characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetostrictive Composite Materials)

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10 pages, 2893 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Weight on the Resonant Tuning of Energy Harvesting Devices Using Giant Magnetostrictive Materials

by Kotaro Mori, Tadashi Horibe and Shigekazu Ishikawa

Materials 2018, 11(4), 581; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040581 - 10 Apr 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3115

Abstract

This study deals with the numerical and experimental study of the effect of weight on the resonant tuning and energy harvesting characteristics of energy harvesting devices using giant magnetostrictive materials. The energy harvesting device is made in a cantilever shape using a thin Terfenol-D layer, stainless steel (SUS) layer and a movable proof mass, among other things. In this study, two types of movable proof mass were prepared, and the device was designed to adjust its own resonant frequency automatically to match external vibration frequency in real time. Three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) was performed, and the resonant frequency, tip displacement, and output voltage in the devices were predicted and measured, and the simulation and experiment results were compared. The effects of the weight of the proof mass on self-tuning ability and time-varying behavior were then considered in particular. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetostrictive Composite Materials)

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10 pages, 5144 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Fabrication of Fe–Co Magnetostrictive Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composites and Their Sensor Performance Evaluation

by Kenichi Katabira, Yu Yoshida, Atsuji Masuda, Akihito Watanabe and Fumio Narita

Materials 2018, 11(3), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11030406 - 9 Mar 2018

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 4937

Abstract

The inverse magnetostrictive effect is an effective property for energy harvesting; the material needs to have large magnetostriction and ease of mass production. Fe–Co alloys being magnetostrictive materials have favorable characteristics which are high strength, ductility, and excellent workability, allowing easy fabrication of Fe–Co alloy fibers. In this study, we fabricated magnetostrictive polymer composites, in which Fe–Co fibers were woven into polyester fabric, and discussed their sensor performance. Compression and bending tests were carried out to measure the magnetic flux density change, and the effects of magnetization, bias magnetic field, and the location of the fibers on the performance were discussed. It was shown that magnetic flux density change due to compression and bending is related to the magnetization of the Fe–Co fiber and the bias magnetic field. The magnetic flux density change of Fe–Co fiber reinforced plastics was larger than that of the plastics with Terfenol-D particles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetostrictive Composite Materials)

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