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Metals
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Laser Processing Technology and Principles of Metal Materials
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Laser Processing Technology and Principles of Metal Materials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2025 | Viewed by 3150

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dan Wang

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science ＆ Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Interests: additive manufacturing; laser cladding; ARC surfacing; friction stir processing; surface modification; microstructure; defect; mechanical properties; wear; corrosion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zeyu Wang

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
Interests: heterogeneous material connection; carbonaceous materials; nanoporous materials; interfacial design; surface modification and processing for welding and joining; brazing and soldering; alloy-type SIBs anodes; carbon fiber-reinforced composites

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The laser, displaying characteristics such as high brightness, and good directionality, monochromaticity and coherence, is one of the major technological inventions of the 20th century. The laser has an extremely high power density, which can melt and vaporize materials. It can also quickly and precisely process local areas. Overall, laser processing technology started with laser drilling, and quickly spread to fields such as cutting, welding, surface modification, heat treatment, and even laser rapid prototyping, laser cleaning, and laser micro/nano processing. Due to good spatial and temporal characteristics, laser processing technology also demonstrates great freedom in the material, shape, size, and processing environment of the processed object; it is impressive regarding both the precision and flexibility of micro materials and in the processing of large and thick parts. Overall, the laser has outstanding advantages such as high flexibility, efficiency, and quality. Therefore, across the last few decades, it has been applied to various aspects of modern industry, agriculture, medicine, communication, national defense, and science and technology. Laser processing technology not only drives the development of the advanced manufacturing industry, but also has a profound impact on the process of industrial intelligence, and has become an indispensable processing technology in high-tech industries.

In this Special Issue, we welcome articles that focus on the advanced laser processing technology of metal materials, such as laser drilling, cutting, welding, surface modification and heat treatment, shock, cladding, cleaning, 3D printing technology, micro-nano processing, and so on. In addition, the laser processing principle of metal materials will also be considered. We invite you to contribute research work on the effects of laser processing technology on the microstructure and properties of metal materials, and the development and application of new laser processing technologies and principles.

Dr. Dan Wang
Dr. Zeyu Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 16333 KiB  
Article
Simulation and Study of Manufacturing of W–Cu Functionally Graded Materials by a Selective Laser Melting Process
by Xiaoyu Ding, Di Ma, Yuecheng Fu, Laima Luo, Yucheng Wu and Jianhua Yao
Metals 2024, 14(12), 1421; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14121421 - 11 Dec 2024
Viewed by 380
Abstract
Plasma-facing components (PFCs) were simulated by ANSYS, and the influence of gradient layer number and composition distribution index on the distribution of temperature field and stress field was analyzed. The simulation results show that a gradient structure with four gradient layers and a [...] Read more.
Plasma-facing components (PFCs) were simulated by ANSYS, and the influence of gradient layer number and composition distribution index on the distribution of temperature field and stress field was analyzed. The simulation results show that a gradient structure with four gradient layers and a component distribution index of 1 makes the PFC assembly have lower overall temperature and lower thermal stress. Tungsten–copper functionally graded materials (W–Cu FGMs) (W-20 vol% Cu/W-40 vol% Cu/W-60 vol% Cu/W-80 vol% Cu) were fabricated by a selective laser melting (SLM) process based on finite element simulation results. The effects of microstructure on the hardness, internal stresses, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion coefficient of the W–Cu FGMs were evaluated. The results show that hardness increases from 196 to 1173 HV0.3 with increasing W content. The internal stresses of W-20 vol% Cu, W-40 vol% Cu, W-60 vol% Cu, and W-80 vol% Cu are about 191.7 MPa, 627 MPa, 1049.5 MPa, and 561.9 MPa, respectively. The thermal conductivity of the W–Cu FGM is 23 W/m·K and the thermal diffusion coefficient is 10 mm2/s at 25 °C, and the thermal conductivity rises to 70 W/m·K and the thermal diffusion coefficient rises to 18.5 mm2/s at 800 °C. After 100 thermal shock cycles, the internal defects increased, but the interface between the gradient layers remained well bonded. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Processing Technology and Principles of Metal Materials)
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19 pages, 3334 KiB  
Article
Investigations on the Heat Balance of the Melt Pool during PBF-LB/M under Various Process Gases
by Siegfried Baehr, Fabian Fritz, Stefan Adami, Thomas Ammann, Nikolaus A. Adams and Michael F. Zaeh
Metals 2024, 14(9), 1058; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091058 - 16 Sep 2024
Viewed by 932
Abstract
During the powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M), an inert atmosphere is maintained in the build chamber to avoid reactions of the liquid metal with ambient air leading to the creation of oxides or nitrides, which alter the mechanical [...] Read more.
During the powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M), an inert atmosphere is maintained in the build chamber to avoid reactions of the liquid metal with ambient air leading to the creation of oxides or nitrides, which alter the mechanical properties of the processed part. A continuous gas flow is guided over the process zone to remove spatters and fumes. This flow induces a convective heat transfer from the molten metal to the gas, which, depending on the level of the heat flow, may alter the melt pool dimensions by influencing the cooling rate. The present work investigated these phenomena with single-line trials, both experimentally and numerically. For this reason, a smoothed-particle hydrodynamics model was utilized to investigate the temperatures of the melt pool, cooling rates, and the integral heat balance with various gas atmospheres. In parallel, an on-axis pyrometer was set up on an experimental PBF-LB/M machine to capture the surface emissions of the melt pool. The atmosphere in the simulations and experiments was varied between argon, helium, and two mixtures thereof. The results showed a slight increase in the cooling rates with an increasing fraction of helium in the process gas. Consistently, a slight decrease in the melt pool temperatures and dimensions was found. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Processing Technology and Principles of Metal Materials)
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12 pages, 7802 KiB  
Article
Influence of Printing Strategies on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Alloy 625 Using Directed Energy Deposition (DED-LB-p)
by Florian Scherm, Haneen Daoud and Uwe Glatzel
Metals 2024, 14(9), 1041; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091041 - 13 Sep 2024
Viewed by 567
Abstract
Directed energy deposition (DED-LB-p) is used for the production of large components due to the high deposition rates. The large number of process parameters and printing strategies makes it difficult to optimize this process to achieve the optimal properties. Intensive post-processing is still [...] Read more.
Directed energy deposition (DED-LB-p) is used for the production of large components due to the high deposition rates. The large number of process parameters and printing strategies makes it difficult to optimize this process to achieve the optimal properties. Intensive post-processing is still the main obstacle to the widespread use of this process. In this work, the influence of different printing strategies and process parameters on the microstructural and tensile mechanical performance at room temperature is investigated. The porosity is measured in both printing directions. The grain orientation and size are analyzed by EBSD. A very low porosity of less than 0.4% is found in all the printed samples. The samples printed with the optimized offset printing strategy show a significant improvement in tensile strength of 1000 MPa without heat treatment compared to the other processing routes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Processing Technology and Principles of Metal Materials)
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21 pages, 5686 KiB  
Article
Shape Anisotropy of Grains Formed by Laser Melting of (CoCuFeZr)17Sm2
by Felix Trauter, Ralf Loeffler, Gerhard Schneider and Dagmar Goll
Metals 2024, 14(9), 1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091025 - 9 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 606
Abstract
For permanent magnetic materials, anisotropic microstructures are crucial for maximizing remanence Jr and maximum energy product (BH)max. This also applies to additive manufacturing processes such as laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB). In PBF-LB processing, the solidification behavior is [...] Read more.
For permanent magnetic materials, anisotropic microstructures are crucial for maximizing remanence Jr and maximum energy product (BH)max. This also applies to additive manufacturing processes such as laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB). In PBF-LB processing, the solidification behavior is determined by the crystal structure of the material, the substrate, and the melt-pool morphology, resulting from the laser power PL and scanning speed vs. To study the impact of these parameters on the textured growth of grains in the melt-pool, experiments were conducted using single laser tracks on (CoCuFeZr)17Sm2 sintered magnets. A method was developed to quantify this grain shape anisotropy from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. For all grains in the melt-pool, the grain shape aspect ratio (GSAR) is calculated to distinguish columnar (GSAR < 0.5) and equiaxed (GSAR > 0.5) grains. For columnar grains, the grain shape orientation (GSO) is determined. The GSO represents the preferred growth direction of each grain. This method can also be used to reconstruct the temperature gradients present during solidification in the melt-pool. A dependence of the melt-pool aspect ratio (depth/width) on energy input was observed, where increasing energy input (increasing PL, decreasing vs) led to higher aspect ratios. For aspect ratios around 0.3, an optimum for directional columnar growth (93% area fraction) with predominantly vertical growth direction (mean angular deviation of 23.1° from vertical) was observed. The resulting crystallographic orientation is beyond the scope of this publication and will be investigated in future work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Processing Technology and Principles of Metal Materials)
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