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Metals
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Microstructure, Crystallography, and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials
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Microstructure, Crystallography, and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystallography and Applications of Metallic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 April 2025 | Viewed by 1421

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Aman Gupta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Advanced Components and Materials Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
Interests: crystallographic texture; grain boundary engineering; electron microscopy; plastic deformation; metals and alloys
Dr. Gyan Shankar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
Interests: materials engineering; additive manufacturing; deformation; recrystallization; texture

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microstructures are the building blocks used by the metallurgist to understand the behavior of metallic materials through the examination of grain morphology, orientations, dislocations, second phase particles, precipitates/intermetallics, etc. Working with the optical microscope or electron microscope (SEM, EBSD, TEM) has its advantages in terms of its cost effectiveness and level of magnification and resolution. Thermomechanical processing (TMP) of any metals or alloys is one of the necessary preliminary steps before its application. The arrangement of grains changes during the TMP, and hence it also affects the crystallographic texture. Most of the manufacturing processes, such as cold/hot deformation, additive manufacturing, welding/joining, severe plastic deformation, etc., are involved in the fabrication of a component that changes the crystallographic texture of metals and alloys. TMP also has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the alloys. Mechanical properties such as yield strength, ductility, and micro-hardness are the important design parameters which are used by every metallurgist and mechanical engineer during the manufacturing of an engineering component for structural application. Hence, it is very important to understand the correlation between microstructural and crystallographic texture evolution with the mechanical properties of the materials for any application. 

This topics of Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  1. Welding behavior of BCC/FCC materials.
  2. Plastic deformation of metals/alloys.
  3. Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) study.
  4. Crystallographic texture (micro- and macro-texture).
  5. Refractory complex concentrated alloys (RCCA).
  6. High-entropy alloys and textures.
  7. Friction stirs processing and mechanical properties.
  8. Phase transformation in stainless steels.
  9. Recrystallization behavior of Beta-Ti alloys.
  10. Cryogenic deformation and EBSD study.
  11. Nucleation and grain growth phenomena in BCC/FCC.
  12. Design of new microstructures in additive manufacturing.

The above-mentioned keywords cover the various aspects of microstructure and crystallographic texture evolution. The publications in this Special Issue will give a thorough understanding of SEM, EBSD, and XRD to the scientific community.  

Dr. Aman Gupta
Dr. Gyan Shankar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microstructure
  • crystallographic texture evolution
  • mechanical properties
  • metallic materials
  • recrystallization behavior
  • texture
  • recrystallization behavior
  • grain growth

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 25726 KiB  
Article
Effect of Grain Size on Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanism of Nano-Polycrystalline Pure Ti Simulated by Molecular Dynamics
by Xiao Zhang, Adam Ibrahem Abdalrsoul Alduma, Faqi Zhan, Wei Zhang, Junqiang Ren and Xuefeng Lu
Metals 2025, 15(3), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15030271 - 1 Mar 2025
Viewed by 243
Abstract
Nano- and microscale titanium and its alloys have potential applications in semiconductor-based micro-electromechanical systems due to their excellent mechanical properties. The uniaxial tensile mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of polycrystalline pure Ti with five different grain sizes measuring 6.74–19.69 nm were studied via [...] Read more.
Nano- and microscale titanium and its alloys have potential applications in semiconductor-based micro-electromechanical systems due to their excellent mechanical properties. The uniaxial tensile mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of polycrystalline pure Ti with five different grain sizes measuring 6.74–19.69 nm were studied via molecular dynamics simulation using the embedded-atom potential function method. The Hall–Petch relationships and the critical grain size of the polycrystalline pure Ti are given. The dislocation migration of grain boundaries is the main deformation mechanism when the grain size exceeds 16.61 nm, which causes a direct Hall–Petch effect. When grain sizes are smaller than 16.61 nm, grain boundary sliding is the preferred deformation mechanism, which causes an inverse Hall–Petch effect. The polycrystalline pure Ti shows the highest tensile strength and average flow stress of 2.70 GPa and 2.15 GPa, respectively, at the 16.61 nm grain size, which is the critical grain size in the Hall–Petch relationships. The polycrystalline Ti is at its highest strength when its grain size ranges from 16 to 17 nm. The current research provides a theoretical basis for the use of pure titanium in emerging technologies at the nanoscale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure, Crystallography, and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials)
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15 pages, 6647 KiB  
Article
Effects of Interstitial Oxygen Content on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of TiZrNb Refractory Medium-Entropy Alloy
by Chen Zhang, Caiying Chen, Li Jiang, Yanhui Li, Zhibin Zhu, Fei Chen, Zhiqiang Cao and Wei Zhang
Metals 2025, 15(3), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15030250 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 244
Abstract
Refractory high-entropy or medium-entropy alloys (RHEAs, RMEAs) exhibit outstanding strength and hold significant promise for high-temperature applications. However, their pronounced brittleness at room temperature restricts their industrial application. Recently, the introduction of interstitial oxygen has proven effective in refining the microstructure and improving [...] Read more.
Refractory high-entropy or medium-entropy alloys (RHEAs, RMEAs) exhibit outstanding strength and hold significant promise for high-temperature applications. However, their pronounced brittleness at room temperature restricts their industrial application. Recently, the introduction of interstitial oxygen has proven effective in refining the microstructure and improving the mechanical properties of RMEAs. In this study, we investigated the effect of interstitial oxygen content ranging from 0.5 to 6 at.% on the microstructures and mechanical properties of TiZrNb MEA. The alloys display a single BCC structure, showing a dendritic crystal morphology. At an oxygen content of 4 at.%, the alloy shows a room-temperature compressive yield strength of 1300 MPa and compressive strain of over 50%, achieving a balanced strength and ductility combination. Moreover, it shows excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, with yield strength exceeding 500 MPa at 800 °C. The Toda-Caraballo and Labusch theoretical models were used in the study to clarify the strengthening mechanism of the alloys, and the theoretical yield strengths obtained by calculation coincided with the experimental yield strengths. This validation not only confirms that the primary strengthening mechanism is solid solution strengthening, but also proves the reliability of the model in predicting the mechanical properties of MEAs and provides a theoretical basis for the use of interstitial atoms to strengthen MEAs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure, Crystallography, and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials)
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20 pages, 6139 KiB  
Article
Effect of Al-5Ti-1B-xCe Refiner on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu Alloys
by Shenshen Cui, Qiang Lu, Qudong Wang, Dezhi Li and Chuan Lei
Metals 2025, 15(2), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15020141 - 29 Jan 2025
Viewed by 628
Abstract
The effects of Ce content on the microstructure and phase composition of the Al-5Ti-1B refiner and the refining effect of the Al-5Ti-1B-xCe (x = 0, 1, 5, 10 wt.%) refiner on the grain size, microstructure, and mechanical properties of Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloys were studied. [...] Read more.
The effects of Ce content on the microstructure and phase composition of the Al-5Ti-1B refiner and the refining effect of the Al-5Ti-1B-xCe (x = 0, 1, 5, 10 wt.%) refiner on the grain size, microstructure, and mechanical properties of Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloys were studied. The results show that the addition of 1.0 wt.% Ce in the Al-5Ti-1B refiner changes the TiAl3 phase from block to strip, and the massive Ti2Al20Ce phase is formed. When the Ce content of the Al-5Ti-1B refiner increases to 5.0 wt.%, the plate-like TiAl3 phase is surrounded by the Ti2Al20Ce phase, and the reticulate Al4Ce phase is formed. With the Ce content of the Al-5Ti-1B refiner further increasing to 10.0 wt.%, a lot of network distribution Al4Ce phase is formed. The volume of the Mg32(AlCuZn)49 phase of the as-cast Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloys is reduced after refining with the Al-5Ti-1B-xCe refiner. The Al-5Ti-1B-1Ce refiner has the best refining effect on as-cast Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloys, and the grain size of as-cast Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloys refined by the Al-5Ti-1B-1Ce refiner is reduced by 43% compared with as-cast Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloys refined by the Al-5Ti-1B refiner. Compared to the aged Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloys refined by the Al-5Ti-1B refiner, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and fracture elongation of aged Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu alloys refined by the Al-5Ti-1B-5Ce refiner are improved by 4.0%, 4.6%, and 25.6%, respectively. Therefore, it can be seen that Al-5Ti-1B-1Ce refiner and Al-5Ti-1B-5Ce refiner have broad application prospects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure, Crystallography, and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials)
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