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Metals
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Mechanical Behavior and Superplasticity of Metals and Alloys
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Mechanical Behavior and Superplasticity of Metals and Alloys

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 3890

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Óscar A. Ruano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Physical Metallurgy Department, CENIM, CSIC, Av. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: superplasticity; materials processing; friction stir processing
Dr. Fernando Carreño

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Physical Metallurgy Department, CENIM, CSIC, Av. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: superplasticity; materials processing; friction stir processing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Superplasticity was a laboratory curiosity before 1960. Since then, it has grown enormously both scientifically and industrially. Superplasticity is now an established technology that produces components for different industries with large profits using a large range of materials, including ceramics. However, there are very relevant metallurgical problems to be solved, including the development of mathematical models of the superplastic forming process and the application of high strain-rate superplastic forming to form auto body components. Additionally, the combination of superplastic forming with diffusion bonding as associated with gas-pressure forming of sheet components into shaped dies and the use of superplastic deformation during isothermal forging operations has to be improved.

From the initial theories which attributed superplasticity to the directional movement of atoms in the interphases (solution-precipitation theory) and the presence of a liquid grain boundary phase, it is now well established that grain boundary sliding (GBS) is the principal mechanism of superplastic deformation. However, GBS must be accompanied by grain accommodation due to dislocation slip, although some authors claim diffusional flow as the accommodation mechanism. On the other hand, large elongations can be attained in coarse grain, solid-solution alloys in which deformation takes place via a solute-drag creep process which is different from the GBS process that leads to superplastic ductilities. These and other issues are currently the objective of numerous investigations.

This Special Issue aims to present investigations dealing with fine-grained materials processed by different routes and their resulting effects on the superplastic properties, as well as investigations on the industrial application of superplasticity. Manuscripts will be welcomed from both fundamental and applied scientific research areas and from industrial and manufacturing industries involved in superplastic forming.

Prof. Dr. Óscar A. Ruano
Dr. Fernando Carreño
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • superplasticity
  • fine grain materials
  • thermomechanical processing
  • severe plastic deformation
  • superplastic biomaterials
  • superplastic forming

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 4222 KiB  
Article
Superplastic Behavior of Overaged 2024 Aluminum Alloy after Friction Stir Processing
by Alberto Orozco-Caballero, Marta Álvarez-Leal, Fernando Carreño and Oscar A. Ruano
Metals 2022, 12(11), 1880; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111880 - 3 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1614
Abstract
A commercial 2024 aluminum alloy was heat treated at 280 °C for 48 h and then slow cooled in a furnace to obtain minimum hardness. This material was then friction stir processed (FSP) using three sets of processing conditions. To study the effect [...] Read more.
A commercial 2024 aluminum alloy was heat treated at 280 °C for 48 h and then slow cooled in a furnace to obtain minimum hardness. This material was then friction stir processed (FSP) using three sets of processing conditions. To study the effect of the processing on the microstructure and the high temperature mechanical properties, the materials were tested in tension at an initial strain rate of 10−2 s−1 and temperature range 200 to 450 °C. Processing severity was selected as the main factor for obtaining fine grain sizes right after FSP. The grain size was enormously reduced from about 50 µm to 1 µm. This grain reduction gave rise to very high elongations to failure of about 400%. Strain–rate-change tests showed a stress exponent close to 2 at intermediate strain rates, which was related to grain boundary sliding as the controlling deformation mechanism and to superplasticity, which is strongly grain-size dependent. A possible controlling deformation mechanism by solute-drag creep, as proposed by other authors, was disregarded since tests conducted at 450 °C, where the microstructure of the FSP materials coarsens rapidly, gave a low elongation to failure and high resistance, which showed the importance of the grain size dependence of the operative deformation mechanism at 250–400 °C, which was only compatible with grain boundary sliding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Behavior and Superplasticity of Metals and Alloys)
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Review

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14 pages, 5926 KiB  
Review
Advances in Superplasticity from a Laboratory Curiosity to the Development of a Superplastic Forming Industry
by Jittraporn Wongsa-Ngam and Terence G. Langdon
Metals 2022, 12(11), 1921; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111921 - 9 Nov 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1826
Abstract
Superplasticity refers to the ability of some materials to pull out to tensile elongations of 400% or more when the strain rate sensitivity is ~0.5. The first report of true superplastic flow was published in 1934 in experiments conducted in England. However, this [...] Read more.
Superplasticity refers to the ability of some materials to pull out to tensile elongations of 400% or more when the strain rate sensitivity is ~0.5. The first report of true superplastic flow was published in 1934 in experiments conducted in England. However, this remarkable result attracted little interest among western scientific researchers and the result remained a laboratory curiosity for many years. Later, following extensive research on superplasticity in the Soviet Union, interest developed in the west, and superplasticity became a topic of extensive scientific research. This research was further enhanced with the demonstration that the application of severe plastic deformation provided an opportunity for achieving grain refinement to the submicrometer or even the nanometer level, and these small grains were especially attractive for achieving good superplastic properties. It is now recognized that superplastic alloys provide an excellent forming capability, especially in making high quality curved parts that are not easily fabricated using more conventional processes. This has led to the development of a large superplastic forming industry that currently processes many thousands of tons of sheet metals. This report traces these developments with an emphasis on the scientific principles behind the occurrence of superplastic flow. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Behavior and Superplasticity of Metals and Alloys)
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