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Metals
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Oxidation Mechanism and Behavior Analysis of Surface Coatings on Metal...
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Oxidation Mechanism and Behavior Analysis of Surface Coatings on Metal Materials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2025 | Viewed by 6550

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Zhiwen Xie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China
Interests: tribology and lubrication design; high-temperature corrosion and protection; advanced surface engineering technology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to the excellent mechanical properties of metal materials such as high strength and high hardness, they are now widely used in various research fields. At present, in order to make metal materials better adapt to a variety of complex and extreme environments (such as high temperature, oxidation erosion, and hot salt mixture corrosion) in the metallurgical process, make up for the current technical shortcomings and main needs, and formulate feasible strategies to improve the wear resistance, the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of metal materials are necessary.

This Special Issue is devoted to research on the surface properties of metal materials, the oxidation mechanism and oxidation behavior of metal surface coatings, the principles and methods of damage protection of metal materials in complex extreme environments, and the more advanced processing and manufacturing technology and the theory and application of surface interface performance control.

We welcome advanced techniques that help improve the surface properties of metallic materials, as well as articles which explore the factors that affect surface properties.

Prof. Dr. Zhiwen Xie
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oxidation resistance
  • wear-resistant
  • coating material
  • metal surface properties
  • metal surface engineering
  • metal damage protection

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 14204 KiB  
Article
Simulation Study of Crystalline Al2O3 Thin Films Prepared at Low Temperatures: Effect of Deposition Temperature and Biasing Voltage
by Wei Jiang, Jianhang Ju, Yuanliang Sun, Ling Weng, Zhiyuan Wang, Xiaofeng Wang, Jinna Liu and Enhao Wang
Metals 2024, 14(8), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080875 - 29 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1123
Abstract
In this paper, classical molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the impact of deposition temperature and bias voltage on the growth of Al2O3 thin films through magnetron sputtering. Ion energy distributions were derived from plasma mass spectrometer measurements. The fluxes of deposited [...] Read more.
In this paper, classical molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the impact of deposition temperature and bias voltage on the growth of Al2O3 thin films through magnetron sputtering. Ion energy distributions were derived from plasma mass spectrometer measurements. The fluxes of deposited particles (Ar+, Al+, and O−) were categorized into low, medium, and high energies, and the results show that the films are dominated by amorphous Al2O3 at low incident energies without applying bias. As the deposition temperature increased, the crystallinity of the films also increased, with the crystals predominantly consisting of γ-Al2O3. The crystal content of the deposited films increased when biased with −20 V compared to when no bias was applied. Crystalline films were successfully obtained at a deposition temperature of 773 K with a −20 V bias. When biased with −40 V, crystals could be obtained at a lower deposition temperature of 573 K. Increasing the bias enables the particles to have higher energy to overcome the nucleation barrier of the crystallization process, leading to a greater degree of film crystallization. At this stage, the average bond length between Al-O is measured to be approximately 1.89 Å to 1.91 Å, closely resembling that of the crystal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidation Mechanism and Behavior Analysis of Surface Coatings on Metal Materials)
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14 pages, 10121 KiB  
Article
Effect of Al2O3 on Microstructure and Corrosion Characteristics of Al/Al2O3 Composite Coatings Prepared by Cold Spraying
by Wei Jiang, Xin Shen, Zhiyuan Wang, Yang Liu, Xiaohua Zhang, Enhao Wang and Junxin Zhang
Metals 2024, 14(2), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14020179 - 1 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1669
Abstract
Cold spraying was used to prepare Al/Al2O3 composite coatings. The Al2O3 content was controlled to increase the mechanical property and corrosion resistance of the composite coating. The inclusion of Al2O3 particles results in considerable [...] Read more.
Cold spraying was used to prepare Al/Al2O3 composite coatings. The Al2O3 content was controlled to increase the mechanical property and corrosion resistance of the composite coating. The inclusion of Al2O3 particles results in considerable plastic deformation of Al particles and grain size refinement in the coating. Additionally, the coating’s surface roughness decreased from 24.63 μm to 9.02 μm, and the porosity decreased from 6.34% to 2.07%. The increase in microhardness of the composite coatings was attributed to the combined effect of residual compressive stress, second phase strengthening of Al2O3, and plastic hardening of Al particles. The electrochemical test results indicate that the mass fractions of Al2O3 significantly affected the corrosion resistance of the Al/Al2O3 composite coating. Compared to the Al coating, the composite coating exhibited improved corrosion resistance, with a reduction in corrosion current density from 1.09 × 10−3 A/cm2 to 2.67 × 10−6 A/cm2 and an increase in corrosion potential from −1.57 V to −1.14 V. However, when the alumina particle content exceeded 17.7%, it led to more Al2O3 particle breakage, increasing the weak bonding interfaces in the composite coating, and consequently reducing its corrosion resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidation Mechanism and Behavior Analysis of Surface Coatings on Metal Materials)
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17 pages, 11829 KiB  
Article
Cr-Co Oxide Coatings Resistant to Corrosion, Electrodeposited on 304 SS Using an Ethylene Glycol-Water Solvent
by Carmen E. Velázquez-González, Francisco J. Martínez-Baltodano, Jorge López-Cuevas and Gregorio Vargas-Gutiérrez
Metals 2024, 14(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14010077 - 9 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1630
Abstract
The electrochemical co-deposition of Cr-Co oxide coatings at room temperature on 304 stainless steel (SS) was studied using an electrolyte composed of a mixture of ethylene glycol (EG), hydrated metal chloride salts (MCln∙YH2O), and water as a secondary hydrogen donor (HBD). [...] Read more.
The electrochemical co-deposition of Cr-Co oxide coatings at room temperature on 304 stainless steel (SS) was studied using an electrolyte composed of a mixture of ethylene glycol (EG), hydrated metal chloride salts (MCln∙YH2O), and water as a secondary hydrogen donor (HBD). Metallic Cu and Ni undercoats were applied to improve the adhesion of a posterior Cr-Co metallic and oxide layer. The electroactive events that took place during both electrodeposition processes were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. The microstructure and composition of the surface layers were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cross-sectional elemental mapping via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface of steel with the Cr-Co:EG-H2O coating showed greater resistance to pitting corrosion (123.93 mV) compared to untreated stainless steel (62.3 mV). This sample showed a large hystere-sis area, which is associated with high resistance to pitting corrosion by the occurrence of a re-passivation of the sample at a Erep value of 24.31 mV. After the cyclic potentiodynamic polariza-tion (CPP) test, the lowest specific mass loss (0.001 mg/cm2) was achieved for the AISI 304 SS sample coated using EG-water solvents (Cr-Co:EG-H2O), while the untreated AISI 304 SS reached a higher specific mass loss (0.01 mg/cm2). The Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) tests showed that the uniform corrosion resistance varied significantly from the untreated AISI 304 SS (35 kΩ) to the coated sample (57 kΩ), which is attributed to the protection provided by the chromium and cobalt oxides coating. The best corrosion resistance achieved was correlated with a superhydrophobic character (with a contact angle of 158.41°) of the Cr-Co coatings. This was in turn a consequence of a needle-like morphology characteristic of these oxides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidation Mechanism and Behavior Analysis of Surface Coatings on Metal Materials)
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15 pages, 11606 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Mechanical and Impact Behaviors of WC-Particle-Reinforced Nickel-Based Alloy Surfacing Layers at Evaluated Temperatures
by Li Zhang, Shengli Li, Chunlin Zhang, Xingang Ai and Zhiwen Xie
Metals 2023, 13(5), 961; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13050961 - 16 May 2023
Viewed by 1514
Abstract
A WC-particle-reinforced nickel-based alloy surfacing layer was fabricated on 42CrMo ultra-high-strength steel. The microstructure and the mechanical and impact-damage behaviors of the surfacing layers at the evaluated temperatures were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and [...] Read more.
A WC-particle-reinforced nickel-based alloy surfacing layer was fabricated on 42CrMo ultra-high-strength steel. The microstructure and the mechanical and impact-damage behaviors of the surfacing layers at the evaluated temperatures were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and the Vickers hardness tester. Results showed that these WC particles gradually changed from elongated and crisscross needle-like phases to blocks with the increase in impact temperature. Numerous carbide phases (e.g., (Cr,Ni,Fe)23C6) and γ-Ni phases were formed in the substrate matrix. The surfacing layer showed a typical brittle fracture, and the impact energy decreased with the increase in temperature. Moreover, the surfacing layer showed a clear quasi-cleavage fracture morphology without dimples after a 600 °C impact test but exhibited a mixture of dimple fractures and cleavage fractures after the 200 °C and 400 °C impact tests. The Vickers fracture toughness test showed that the average hardness of the surfacing layer after a 600 °C impact test was 383 HV1.0, which is about 0.8 times that after the 200 °C impact test. In addition, the WC particles in the surfacing layer after the 600 °C impact test showed the highest fracture toughness, but the corresponding Ni40A binder phase possessed the lowest fracture toughness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidation Mechanism and Behavior Analysis of Surface Coatings on Metal Materials)
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