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Metals
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Iron Ore Agglomeration
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Iron Ore Agglomeration

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 4482

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Liming Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CSIRO Mineral Resources, Pullenvale, QLD 4069, Australia
Interests: high-temperature processing of minerals and wastes; thermodynamics and kinetics of pyrometallurgical processes; environmental issues in pyrometallurgical processes; alloy solidification

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Iron ore, as an essential input for the production of crude steel, feeds the world’s largest trillion-dollar-a-year metal market and is the backbone of global infrastructure. To satisfy our growing demand for steel products, world iron ore production has increased drastically since 2000. As a result, traditional high-grade iron ore reserves are depleting significantly. Iron ores from new ore deposits are either too friable with a low yield of lump (−31.5+6.3 mm) or need to be crushed, ground, and upgraded to achieve the target grade. Therefore, the majority of iron ores currently produced from mines are sinter fines (−8 mm) and concentrates (−2mm even finer).

Due to the countercurrent principle based on which the blast furnace and shaft furnace DR processes are operated, iron ore sinter fines and concentrates cannot be directly used. Depending on the characteristics of raw materials available, iron ore agglomerates can be produced by sintering, pelletization, and briquetting. Extensive efforts have been made worldwide to optimize the existing agglomeration processes/agglomerates and/or to develop alternative agglomeration processes/agglomerates to address the deteriorating quality of raw materials and increasingly stringent environment regulations.

In this Special Issue, we welcome the reviews and research articles in, but not limited to, the following areas

  • Iron ore characteristics and their impacts on the final agglomerates’ quality and process performance;
  • Evaluation technologies of iron ore for different agglomeration processes;
  • Evaluation of agglomerates for blast furnace and alternative ironmaking processes;
  • Fundamental aspects of agglomeration processes, in particular, bonding mechanisms of green and fired agglomerates during various stages of agglomeration;
  • Low emission technologies;
  • Alternative agglomeration processes and agglomerates including cold bonded agglomerates and iron ore-carbon composite agglomerates;
  • Agglomeration and recycling of iron bearing wastes and tailings.

Dr. Liming Lu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • iron ore
  • sintering
  • pelletizing
  • alternative agglomeration
  • ironmaking
  • alternative ironmaking

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 9985 KiB  
Article
Neural Network Prediction Model for Sinter Mixture Water Content Based on KPCA-GA Optimization
by Yuqian Ren, Chuanqi Huang, Yushan Jiang and Zhaoxia Wu
Metals 2022, 12(8), 1287; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12081287 - 30 Jul 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1852
Abstract
The design and optimization of a sinter mixture moisture controlling system usually require complex process mechanisms and time-consuming field experimental simulations. Based on BP neural networks, a new KPCA-GA optimization method is proposed to predict the mixture moisture content sequential values with time [...] Read more.
The design and optimization of a sinter mixture moisture controlling system usually require complex process mechanisms and time-consuming field experimental simulations. Based on BP neural networks, a new KPCA-GA optimization method is proposed to predict the mixture moisture content sequential values with time more accurately so as to derive the optimal water addition to meet industrial requirements. Firstly, the normalized input variables affecting the output were dimensionalized using kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), and the contribution rates of the factors affecting the water content were analyzed. Then, a BP neural network model was established. In order to get rid of the randomness of the initial threshold and weights on the prediction accuracy of the model, a genetic algorithm is proposed to preferentially find the optimal initial threshold and weights for the model. Then, statistical indicators, such as the root mean square error, were used to evaluate the fit and prediction accuracy of the training and test data sets, respectively. The available experimental data show that the KPCA-GA model has high fitting and prediction accuracy, and the method has significant advantages over traditional neural network modeling methods when dealing with data sets with complex nonlinear characteristics, such as those from the sintering process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Iron Ore Agglomeration)
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14 pages, 3641 KiB  
Article
Investigations into NOx Formation Characteristics during Pulverized Coal Combustion Catalyzed by Iron Ore in the Sintering Process
by Junying Wan, Tiejun Chen, Xianlin Zhou, Jiawen Liu, Benjing Shi, Zhaocai Wang and Lanlan Li
Metals 2022, 12(7), 1206; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12071206 - 15 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1513
Abstract
Sintering accounts for about 50% of the total NOx emissions of the iron and steel industry. NOx emissions from the sintering process can be simulated using the emissions from coke combustion. However, the generation and emission law for NOx burning [...] Read more.
Sintering accounts for about 50% of the total NOx emissions of the iron and steel industry. NOx emissions from the sintering process can be simulated using the emissions from coke combustion. However, the generation and emission law for NOx burning in the sintering process of pulverized coal is still not clear. The formation characteristics of NOx during coal combustion catalyzed by iron ore fines and several iron-containing pure minerals were studied in this paper. The results showed that iron ore fines can improve the NOx emission rate and increase the total NOx emissions during coal combustion. The type and composition of the iron ore fines have an important impact on the generation and emission of NOx in the process of coal combustion. The peak concentration and emissions of NOx in coal combustion flue gas with limonite, hematite or specularite added increased significantly. The peak value for the NOx concentration in the coal combustion flue gas with magnetite or siderite added increased, but the emissions decreased. Therefore, the generation of NOx in the sintering process can to a certain extent be controlled by adjusting the type of iron-containing raw materials and the distribution of the iron-containing raw materials and coal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Iron Ore Agglomeration)
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