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Micromachines
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Cell Microarrays
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Cell Microarrays

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B：Biology and Biomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 June 2020) | Viewed by 11431

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Satoshi Fujita

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), P3 Bldg.2-1, Photonics Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Interests: cell microarray; microphysiological system; raman spectroscopy; deep learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cell microarrays derived from microarray technologies represented by DNA microarrays are an alternative to traditional cell-based assay. They are very effective tools for high-throughput screening of large numbers of test samples, such as drug candidates, intracellular functional molecules, etc. In addition, miniaturization reduces reagent consumption and the number of cells required. After the first proposal of cell microarrays in 1990s, recent developments created by technologies of MEMS, biomaterial, and surface chemistry have supported its application as a drug development tool, including drug discovery, toxicology, stem cell research, and potentially therapy.

This Special Issue invites original articles that introduce recent research developments and emerging trends in cell microarrays or invites review articles that organize traditional research as well. We accept a wide range of research related to cell microarrays. Specifically, we welcome MEMS technologies for patterning microarrays, surface chemical technologies using hydrogel and PEG, transfection of functional molecules from substrate to cells, electrochemical approaches, expansion of cell arrays to immobilized cell arrays, 3D cell arrays, tissue arrays, and micro-physiological system.

Dr. Satoshi Fujita
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • MEMS
  • surface chemistry
  • electrochemistry
  • micro-patterning
  • transfection
  • cell microarray
  • tissue array
  • micro-physiological system

Published Papers (4 papers)

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13 pages, 3914 KiB  
Article
Deuterated Glutamate-Mediated Neuronal Activity on Micro-Electrode Arrays
by Wataru Minoshima, Kyoko Masui, Tomomi Tani, Yasunori Nawa, Satoshi Fujita, Hidekazu Ishitobi, Chie Hosokawa and Yasushi Inouye
Micromachines 2020, 11(9), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11090830 - 31 Aug 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2792
Abstract
The excitatory synaptic transmission is mediated by glutamate (GLU) in neuronal networks of the mammalian brain. In addition to the synaptic GLU, extra-synaptic GLU is known to modulate the neuronal activity. In neuronal networks, GLU uptake is an important role of neurons and [...] Read more.
The excitatory synaptic transmission is mediated by glutamate (GLU) in neuronal networks of the mammalian brain. In addition to the synaptic GLU, extra-synaptic GLU is known to modulate the neuronal activity. In neuronal networks, GLU uptake is an important role of neurons and glial cells for lowering the concentration of extracellular GLU and to avoid the excitotoxicity. Monitoring the spatial distribution of intracellular GLU is important to study the uptake of GLU, but the approach has been hampered by the absence of appropriate GLU analogs that report the localization of GLU. Deuterium-labeled glutamate (GLU-D) is a promising tracer for monitoring the intracellular concentration of glutamate, but physiological properties of GLU-D have not been studied. Here we study the effects of extracellular GLU-D for the neuronal activity by using primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons that form neuronal networks on microelectrode array. The frequency of firing in the spontaneous activity of neurons increased with the increasing concentration of extracellular GLU-D. The frequency of synchronized burst activity in neurons increased similarly as we observed in the spontaneous activity. These changes of the neuronal activity with extracellular GLU-D were suppressed by antagonists of glutamate receptors. These results suggest that GLU-D can be used as an analog of GLU with equivalent effects for facilitating the neuronal activity. We anticipate GLU-D developing as a promising analog of GLU for studying the dynamics of glutamate during neuronal activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Microarrays)
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12 pages, 4131 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Blood Capillary Models for Live Imaging Microarray Analysis
by Muhammad Asri Abdul Sisak, Fiona Louis, Sun Hyeok Lee, Young-Tae Chang and Michiya Matsusaki
Micromachines 2020, 11(8), 727; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11080727 - 27 Jul 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2362
Abstract
Conventional microarray analysis usually deals with the monolayer or two-dimensional (2D) assays for the high-throughput screening applications. Even though these cell-based assays are effective for preliminary screening at least to have information on cytotoxicity, they do not adequately re-create the in vivo complexity [...] Read more.
Conventional microarray analysis usually deals with the monolayer or two-dimensional (2D) assays for the high-throughput screening applications. Even though these cell-based assays are effective for preliminary screening at least to have information on cytotoxicity, they do not adequately re-create the in vivo complexity of three-dimensional (3D) tissues. In this study, 3D-blood capillary models were constructed by using physiological collagen microfibers (CMF), which provide the extracellular matrix in the complex tissue. Micro-droplets of fibrin gels containing CMF, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts were cultured for five days in 48-wells plate to provide a medium-throughput system for screening applications. Blood capillaries networks were formed by optimizing the concentration of CMF used and the number of cells. Finally, this screening method was a powerful assay for the application on the selection of not only a specific chemical probe for blood capillary live-imaging, but also a drug, aptamer, and peptide with potential blood vessel targeting property. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Microarrays)
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13 pages, 1875 KiB  
Article
A Microfluidic Probe Integrated Device for Spatiotemporal 3D Chemical Stimulation in Cells
by Kenta Shinha, Wataru Nihei and Hiroshi Kimura
Micromachines 2020, 11(7), 691; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11070691 - 16 Jul 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2846
Abstract
Numerous in vitro studies have been conducted in conventional static cell culture systems. However, most of the results represent an average response from a population of cells regardless of their local microenvironment. A microfluidic probe is a non-contact technology that has been widely [...] Read more.
Numerous in vitro studies have been conducted in conventional static cell culture systems. However, most of the results represent an average response from a population of cells regardless of their local microenvironment. A microfluidic probe is a non-contact technology that has been widely used to perform local chemical stimulation within a restricted space, providing elaborated modulation and analysis of cellular responses within the microenvironment. Although microfluidic probes developed earlier have various potential applications, the two-dimensional structure can compromise their functionality and flexibility for practical use. In this study, we developed a three-dimensional microfluidic probe integrated device equipped with vertically oriented microchannels to overcome crucial challenges and tested the potential utility of the device in biological research. We demonstrated that the device tightly regulated spatial diffusion of a fluorescent molecule, and the flow profile predicted by simulation replicated the experimental results. Additionally, the device modulated the physiological Ca2+ response of cells within the restricted area by altering the local and temporal concentrations of biomolecules such as ATP. The novel device developed in this study may provide various applications for biological studies and contribute to further understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying cellular physiology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Microarrays)
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14 pages, 2049 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Hollow Structures in Photodegradable Hydrogels Using a Multi-Photon Excitation Process for Blood Vessel Tissue Engineering
by Uran Watanabe, Shinji Sugiura, Masayuki Kakehata, Fumiki Yanagawa, Toshiyuki Takagi, Kimio Sumaru, Taku Satoh, Masato Tamura, Yoichiroh Hosokawa, Kenji Torizuka and Toshiyuki Kanamori
Micromachines 2020, 11(7), 679; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11070679 - 13 Jul 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3058
Abstract
Engineered blood vessels generally recapitulate vascular function in vitro and can be utilized in drug discovery as a novel microphysiological system. Recently, various methods to fabricate vascular models in hydrogels have been reported to study the blood vessel functions in vitro; however, [...] Read more.
Engineered blood vessels generally recapitulate vascular function in vitro and can be utilized in drug discovery as a novel microphysiological system. Recently, various methods to fabricate vascular models in hydrogels have been reported to study the blood vessel functions in vitro; however, in general, it is difficult to fabricate hollow structures with a designed size and structure with a tens of micrometers scale for blood vessel tissue engineering. This study reports a method to fabricate the hollow structures in photodegradable hydrogels prepared in a microfluidic device. An infrared femtosecond pulsed laser, employed to induce photodegradation via multi-photon excitation, was scanned in the hydrogel in a program-controlled manner for fabricating the designed hollow structures. The photodegradable hydrogel was prepared by a crosslinking reaction between an azide-modified gelatin solution and a dibenzocyclooctyl-terminated photocleavable tetra-arm polyethylene glycol crosslinker solution. After assessing the composition of the photodegradable hydrogel in terms of swelling and cell adhesion, the hydrogel prepared in the microfluidic device was processed by laser scanning to fabricate linear and branched hollow structures present in it. We introduced a microsphere suspension into the fabricated structure in photodegradable hydrogels, and confirmed the fabrication of perfusable hollow structures of designed patterns via the multi-photon excitation process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Microarrays)
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