Three-Dimensional Polymeric Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B:Biology and Biomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 10074

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
2. The Vijay Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
Interests: additive manufacturing; 3D bioprinting; biomaterials; polymers; tissue engineering and regenerative medicine; 3D printed scaffolds for tissue engineering
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Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Scaffolds play a major role in the fabrication of engineered tissues for regenerative medicine, drug testing, and other applications. They not only provide structural support to cells, but also provide directional, biochemical, and biological cues for cell alignment, migration, and differentiation. Polymers have always been the preferred materials for scaffold fabrication due to the wide range of properties they possess and the ease with which they can be processed into 3D structures. This Special Issue invites contributions from researchers working in all areas of 3D polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering, including:

  • Materials: smart polymers, polymer composites and nanocomposites, drug-loaded polymeric scaffolds, functionally gradient structures;
  • Processes: electrospinning, 3D-printed polymeric scaffolds, bioprinting, 4D printing;
  • Applications: tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, drug delivery.

Prof. Dr. Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • smart polymers
  • polymer composites
  • polymeric nanocomposites
  • drug-loaded polymeric scaffolds
  • 3D-printed polymeric scaffolds
  • bioprinting
  • 4D printing
  • tissue engineering
  • regenerative medicine
  • drug delivery

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

24 pages, 4552 KiB  
Review
A Brief Review on Additive Manufacturing of Polymeric Composites and Nanocomposites
by Vahid Monfared, Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad, Seeram Ramakrishna, Mahmood Razzaghi and Filippo Berto
Micromachines 2021, 12(6), 704; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060704 - 16 Jun 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5345
Abstract
In this research article, a mini-review study is performed on the additive manufacturing (AM) of the polymeric matrix composites (PMCs) and nanocomposites. In this regard, some methods for manufacturing and important and applied results are briefly introduced and presented. AM of polymeric matrix [...] Read more.
In this research article, a mini-review study is performed on the additive manufacturing (AM) of the polymeric matrix composites (PMCs) and nanocomposites. In this regard, some methods for manufacturing and important and applied results are briefly introduced and presented. AM of polymeric matrix composites and nanocomposites has attracted great attention and is emerging as it can make extensively customized parts with appreciably modified and improved mechanical properties compared to the unreinforced polymer materials. However, some matters must be addressed containing reduced bonding of reinforcement and matrix, the slip between reinforcement and matrix, lower creep strength, void configurations, high-speed crack propagation, obstruction because of filler inclusion, enhanced curing time, simulation and modeling, and the cost of manufacturing. In this review, some selected and significant results regarding AM or three-dimensional (3D) printing of polymeric matrix composites and nanocomposites are summarized and discuss. In addition, this article discusses the difficulties in preparing composite feedstock filaments and printing issues with nanocomposites and short and continuous fiber composites. It is discussed how to print various thermoplastic composites ranging from amorphous to crystalline polymers. In addition, the analytical and numerical models used for simulating AM, including the Fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing process and estimating the mechanical properties of printed parts, are explained in detail. Particle, fiber, and nanomaterial-reinforced polymer composites are highlighted for their performance. Finally, key limitations are identified in order to stimulate further 3D printing research in the future. Full article
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23 pages, 4999 KiB  
Review
Biofabrication in Congenital Cardiac Surgery: A Plea from the Operating Theatre, Promise from Science
by Laszlo Kiraly and Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman
Micromachines 2021, 12(3), 332; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12030332 - 21 Mar 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3929
Abstract
Despite significant advances in numerous fields of biofabrication, clinical application of biomaterials combined with bioactive molecules and/or cells largely remains a promise in an individualized patient settings. Three-dimensional (3D) printing and bioprinting evolved as promising techniques used for tissue-engineering, so that several kinds [...] Read more.
Despite significant advances in numerous fields of biofabrication, clinical application of biomaterials combined with bioactive molecules and/or cells largely remains a promise in an individualized patient settings. Three-dimensional (3D) printing and bioprinting evolved as promising techniques used for tissue-engineering, so that several kinds of tissue can now be printed in layers or as defined structures for replacement and/or reconstruction in regenerative medicine and surgery. Besides technological, practical, ethical and legal challenges to solve, there is also a gap between the research labs and the patients’ bedside. Congenital and pediatric cardiac surgery mostly deal with reconstructive patient-scenarios when defects are closed, various segments of the heart are connected, valves are implanted. Currently available biomaterials lack the potential of growth and conduits, valves derange over time surrendering patients to reoperations. Availability of viable, growing biomaterials could cancel reoperations that could entail significant public health benefit and improved quality-of-life. Congenital cardiac surgery is uniquely suited for closing the gap in translational research, rapid application of new techniques, and collaboration between interdisciplinary teams. This article provides a succinct review of the state-of-the art clinical practice and biofabrication strategies used in congenital and pediatric cardiac surgery, and highlights the need and avenues for translational research and collaboration. Full article
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