Nanoscale Lithography—Pressing Miniaturization towards Ever Smaller Sizes

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "E:Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 4705

Special Issue Editor


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Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
Interests: SPM; AFM; photocurrents; magnetic nanomaterials; surface science; self-assembled monolayers; nanolithography
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Innovative research has expanded the limits of nanofabrication to ever-smaller size scales, approaching the molecular level. Nanolithography encompasses the tools required to prepare surface structures with well-defined geometries and composition. Nanoscale lithography can be employed to control the arrangement of nanomaterials, biomolecules and organic films and offers unprecedented control for potential device applications, such as sensors, memory storage and molecular electronics. This Special Issue will showcase contributions that present advancements in nanolithography, such as approaches using scanning-probe-based lithography, photolithography, colloidal lithography or ion etching. Correspondingly, nanolithography can disclose detailed information at the smallest of size scales to facilitate studies of the chemistry and associated properties of materials. In addition, the size and composition of nanofabricated patterns can be used to tailor the optical, magnetic and electronic properties of materials for material design. We welcome the submission of short communications, research articles and reviews that describe protocols and studies performed using nanoscale lithography.

Prof. Dr. Jayne C. Garno
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nanolithography
  • nanopatterning
  • Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)
  • nanoscience
  • nanomaterials, organic films and polymers
  • nanofabrication

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1811 KiB  
Article
In Situ Dynamic Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Characterization of Cu-Ligated Mercaptoalkanoic Acid “Molecular” Ruler Multilayers
by Alexandra M. Patron, Kayleigh L. Coleman and Thomas J. Mullen
Micromachines 2024, 15(7), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15070826 - 26 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1127
Abstract
Hybrid strategies that combine conventional top-down lithography with bottom-up molecular assembly are of interest for a range of applications including nanolithography and sensors. Interest in these strategies stems from the ability to create complex architectures over large areas with molecular-scale control and precision. [...] Read more.
Hybrid strategies that combine conventional top-down lithography with bottom-up molecular assembly are of interest for a range of applications including nanolithography and sensors. Interest in these strategies stems from the ability to create complex architectures over large areas with molecular-scale control and precision. The molecular-ruler process typifies this approach where the sequential layer-by-layer assembly of mercaptoalkanoic acid molecules and metal ions are combined with conventional top-down lithography to create precise, registered nanogaps. However, the quality of the metal-ligated mercaptoalkanoic acid multilayer is a critical characteristic in generating reproducible and robust nanoscale structures via the molecular-ruler process. Therefore, we explore the assembly of alkanethiolate monolayers, mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA) monolayers, and Cu-ligated MHDA multilayers on Au{111} substrates using atomic force microscopy and in situ dynamic spectroscopic ellipsometry. The chemical film thicknesses in situ dynamic spectroscopic ellipsometry agree with previous ex situ surface analytical methods. Moreover, in situ dynamic spectroscopic ellipsometry provides insight into the assembly process without interrupting the assembly process and potentially altering the characteristics of the resulting chemical film. By following the real-time dynamics of each deposition step, the assembly of the Cu-ligated MHDA multilayers can be optimized to minimize deposition time while having minimal impact to the quality of the chemical film. Full article
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Review

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34 pages, 4857 KiB  
Review
Grayscale Lithography and a Brief Introduction to Other Widely Used Lithographic Methods: A State-of-the-Art Review
by Svetlana N. Khonina, Nikolay L. Kazanskiy and Muhammad A. Butt
Micromachines 2024, 15(11), 1321; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15111321 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 3284
Abstract
Lithography serves as a fundamental process in the realms of microfabrication and nanotechnology, facilitating the transfer of intricate patterns onto a substrate, typically in the form of a wafer or a flat surface. Grayscale lithography (GSL) is highly valued in precision manufacturing and [...] Read more.
Lithography serves as a fundamental process in the realms of microfabrication and nanotechnology, facilitating the transfer of intricate patterns onto a substrate, typically in the form of a wafer or a flat surface. Grayscale lithography (GSL) is highly valued in precision manufacturing and research endeavors because of its unique capacity to create intricate and customizable patterns with varying depths and intensities. Unlike traditional binary lithography, which produces discrete on/off features, GSL offers a spectrum of exposure levels. This enables the production of complex microstructures, diffractive optical elements, 3D micro-optics, and other nanoscale designs with smooth gradients and intricate surface profiles. GSL plays a crucial role in sectors such as microelectronics, micro-optics, MEMS/NEMS manufacturing, and photonics, where precise control over feature depth, shape, and intensity is critical for achieving advanced functionality. Its versatility and capacity to generate tailored structures make GSL an indispensable tool in various cutting-edge applications. This review will delve into several lithographic techniques, with a particular emphasis on masked and maskless GSL methods. As these technologies continue to evolve, the future of 3D micro- and nanostructure manufacturing will undoubtedly assume even greater significance in various applications. Full article
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