Emerging Arthropod-Borne Viruses in Changing Environments

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 4128

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
2. Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
Interests: mosquito-borne viruses; vector-borne zoonoses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
2. Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
Interests: mosquito-borne viruses; tick-borne viruses; emerging infections; vector ecology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Arthropod-borne viruses are amongst those most affected by climate change. In the face of climatic and environmental changes, the distribution areas and disease burden of arthropod-borne viral infections are changing. The effects of these changes on vector-borne viruses are complex and vary depending on the geographical area, and the drivers for disease emergence from various vector-borne viruses are poorly understood. Environmental changes may affect disease ecology, as vectors and pathogens can enter new areas and may adapt, emerge, and cause disease burden in new human or animal hosts. It seems likely that arthropod-borne viruses will continue to emerge in new areas. Thus, to track global changes in this field, local research and surveillance in different parts of the world are needed. In addition to the genetic profiling of emerging vector-borne viruses, information on their disease associations and pathogenic properties is needed.

In this Special Issue, we welcome contributions concerning vector-borne infections in changing environments.

Dr. Eili Huhtamo
Dr. Essi Korhonen
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • arbovirus
  • vector-borne zoonoses
  • changing environment and climate
  • evolution
  • disease emergence

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2004 KiB  
Article
Belgian Anopheles plumbeus Mosquitoes Are Competent for Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Readily Feed on Pigs, Suggesting a High Vectorial Capacity
by Claudia Van den Eynde, Charlotte Sohier, Severine Matthijs and Nick De Regge
Microorganisms 2023, 11(6), 1386; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061386 - 25 May 2023
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Abstract
Anopheles plumbeus, a day-active mosquito known to feed aggressively on humans, was reported as a nuisance species near an abandoned pigsty in Belgium. Since Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an emerging zoonotic flavivirus which uses pigs as amplification hosts, we investigated (1) [...] Read more.
Anopheles plumbeus, a day-active mosquito known to feed aggressively on humans, was reported as a nuisance species near an abandoned pigsty in Belgium. Since Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an emerging zoonotic flavivirus which uses pigs as amplification hosts, we investigated (1) whether An. plumbeus would feed on pigs and (2) its vector competence for JEV, to investigate whether this species could be a potential vector. Three- to seven-day-old F0-generation adult mosquitoes, emerged from field-collected larvae, were fed on a JEV genotype 3 Nakayama strain spiked blood meal. Blood-fed mosquitoes were subsequently incubated for 14 days at two temperature conditions: a constant 25 °C and a 25/15 °C day/night temperature gradient. Our results show that An. plumbeus is a competent vector for JEV at the 25 °C condition and this with an infection rate of 34.1%, a dissemination rate of 67.7% and a transmission rate of 14.3%. The vector competence showed to be influenced by temperature, with a significantly lower dissemination rate (16.7%) and no transmission when implementing the temperature gradient. Moreover, we demonstrated that An. plumbeus readily feeds on pigs when the opportunity occurs. Therefore, our results suggest that Belgian An. plumbeus mosquitoes may play an important role in the transmission of JEV upon an introduction into our region if temperatures increase with climate change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Arthropod-Borne Viruses in Changing Environments)
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Review

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20 pages, 414 KiB  
Review
Emerging Tick-Borne Dabie bandavirus: Virology, Epidemiology, and Prevention
by Eun-Ha Kim and Su-Jin Park
Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2309; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092309 - 13 Sep 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2415
Abstract
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS), caused by Dabie bandavirus (SFTSV), is an emerging infectious disease first identified in China. Since its discovery, infections have spread throughout East Asian countries primarily through tick bites but also via transmission between animals and humans. The [...] Read more.
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS), caused by Dabie bandavirus (SFTSV), is an emerging infectious disease first identified in China. Since its discovery, infections have spread throughout East Asian countries primarily through tick bites but also via transmission between animals and humans. The expanding range of ticks, the primary vectors for SFTSV, combined with migration patterns of tick-carrying birds, sets the stage for the global spread of this virus. SFTSV rapidly evolves due to continuous mutation and reassortment; currently, no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs are available. Thus, the threat this virus poses to global health is unmistakable. This review consolidates the most recent research on SFTSV, including its molecular characteristics, transmission pathways through ticks and other animals, as well as the progress in antiviral drug and vaccine development, encompassing animal models and clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Arthropod-Borne Viruses in Changing Environments)
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