Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Human Enteroviruses 2.0

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2024 | Viewed by 2735

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Immunovirology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 20502 Malmo, Sweden
Interests: human enteroviruses; viral pathogenesis; immunology; virus–host interactions; chronic viral infection; molecular epidemiology of enteroviruses
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our 2022 Special Issue "Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Human Enteroviruses".

Human enteroviruses are non-enveloped viruses with a single positive-strand RNA genome belonging to the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. Currently, human enteroviruses comprise more than 100 types, which are grouped into four species (Enterovirus A–D). This group of viruses typically causes acute and self-limiting diseases, including aseptic meningitis encephalitis; myocarditis; herpangina; hand, foot and mouth disease; acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis; and respiratory infections. However, the full spectrum of illness caused by individual enteroviral serotypes remains unclear. In addition to acute illnesses, enteroviruses have also been associated with chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes, chronic viral cardiomyopathy, chronic fatigue syndrome, and post-poliomyelitis muscular atrophy.

Despite extensive investigations in recent decades, much remains unknown about the epidemiology and pathogenesis of enterovirus infections in humans. Except for the poliovirus vaccine, there is no vaccine or specific therapy available for most human enteroviral infections. Filling gaps in knowledge about pathogenesis, transmission dynamics, epidemiology, and evolution of human enteroviruses will open new conceptual avenues for vaccine and antiviral development. This Special Issue of Microorganisms  welcomes original research articles, clinical reports, and review articles related to recent discoveries concerning the epidemiology and pathogenesis of human enteroviruses.

Dr. Luis Sarmiento
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

11 pages, 945 KiB  
Review
Wastewater Surveillance in Europe for Non-Polio Enteroviruses and Beyond
by Laura Bubba, Kimberley S. M. Benschop, Soile Blomqvist, Erwin Duizer, Javier Martin, Alexander G. Shaw, Jean-Luc Bailly, Lasse D. Rasmussen, Anda Baicus, Thea K. Fischer and Heli Harvala
Microorganisms 2023, 11(10), 2496; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102496 - 5 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1642
Abstract
Wastewater surveillance (WWS) was developed in the early 1960s for the detection of poliovirus (PV) circulation in the population. It has been used to monitor several pathogens, including non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs), which are increasingly recognised as causes of morbidity in children. However, when [...] Read more.
Wastewater surveillance (WWS) was developed in the early 1960s for the detection of poliovirus (PV) circulation in the population. It has been used to monitor several pathogens, including non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs), which are increasingly recognised as causes of morbidity in children. However, when applying WWS to a new pathogen, it is important to consider the purpose of such a study as well as the suitability of the chosen methodology. With this purpose, the European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network (ENPEN) organised an expert webinar to discuss its history, methods, and applications; its evolution from a culture-based method to molecular detection; and future implementation of next generation sequencing (NGS). The first simulation experiments with PV calculated that a 400 mL sewage sample is sufficient for the detection of viral particles if 1:10,000 people excrete poliovirus in a population of 700,000 people. If the method is applied correctly, several NPEV types are detected. Despite culture-based methods remaining the gold standard for WWS, direct methods followed by molecular-based and sequence-based assays have been developed, not only for enterovirus but for several pathogens. Along with case-based sentinel and/or syndromic surveillance, WWS for NPEV and other pathogens represents an inexpensive, flexible, anonymised, reliable, population-based tool for monitoring outbreaks and the (re)emergence of these virus types/strains within the general population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Human Enteroviruses 2.0)
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