Emerging Viral Zoonoses, Second Edition

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2024) | Viewed by 5945

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the continuation of our previous Special Issue, entitled “Emerging Viral Zoonoses” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/microorganisms/special_issues/YGA70Y47JO)

Under the strategic framework of the ‘’One World–One Health’’ concept, viral zoonoses are investigated in an interdisciplinary manner by medical scientists, veterinarians, and environmental specialists (encapsulating all sides of the animal–human–ecosystems interface). Emerging viral zoonoses represent a public health problem worldwide, and this Special Issue aims to present recent research on the clinical aspects, prevention, treatment, and molecular epidemiology of emerging viruses of zoonotic importance.

Some of this Special Issue’s focal points include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Viruses of zoonotic importance (for example, tick-borne encephalitis virus; West Nile virus; Usutu virus; Toscana virus; dengue virus; Sandfly fever Sicilian virus; Sandfly fever Naples virus; Tahyna virus; Bhanja virus; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; Puumala virus; Dobrava virus; Saaremaa virus; Tula virus; Hepatitis E virus; rabies virus);
  2. Serological evidence and the molecular analysis of zoonotic viruses (general population, domestic and wild animals, and the environment);
  3. Clinical characteristics, prevention, and treatment.

Dr. Jelena Prpić
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • epidemiology
  • zoonoses
  • emerging viruses
  • prevention

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 137 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial for the Special Issue “Emerging Viral Zoonoses, Second Edition”
by Jelena Prpić
Microorganisms 2024, 12(8), 1662; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081662 - 13 Aug 2024
Viewed by 934
Abstract
The “One World–One Health” framework has underscored the critical need for interdisciplinary collaboration in understanding and combating emerging viral zoonoses [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Viral Zoonoses, Second Edition)

Research

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17 pages, 2743 KiB  
Article
The Re-Emergence of Neuroinvasive Flaviviruses in Croatia During the 2022 Transmission Season
by Maja Bogdanic, Vladimir Savic, Ana Klobucar, Ljubo Barbic, Dario Sabadi, Morana Tomljenovic, Josip Madic, Zeljka Hruskar, Marcela Curman Posavec, Marija Santini, Vladimir Stevanovic, Suncica Petrinic, Ljiljana Antolasic, Ljiljana Milasincic, Mahmoud Al-Mufleh, Dobrica Roncevic and Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
Microorganisms 2024, 12(11), 2210; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12112210 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 731
Abstract
(Re-)emerging arboviruses, such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Usutu virus (USUV), are continuously increasing in incidence. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of flavivirus infections in humans, sentinel animals, and mosquitoes detected in the 2022 transmission season in Croatia. [...] Read more.
(Re-)emerging arboviruses, such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Usutu virus (USUV), are continuously increasing in incidence. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of flavivirus infections in humans, sentinel animals, and mosquitoes detected in the 2022 transmission season in Croatia. From April to November 2022, 110 hospitalized patients with neuroinvasive diseases (NID) were tested for the presence of arboviruses. RT-qPCR was used to detect TBEV, WNV, and USUV RNA. An ELISA and virus neutralization tests were used for the detection of flavivirus antibodies. TBEV infection was confirmed in 22 patients with NID. WNV NID was detected in six patients. TBE showed male predominance (81.8%; male-to-female ratio of 4.5:1). All but one WNV patients were males. TBE occurred from April to August, with the majority of patients (83.3%) being detected during the May–June–July period. WNV infections were recorded in August and September. In addition to human cases, asymptomatic WNV infections (IgM positive) were reported in 10 horses. For the first time in Croatia, WNV NID was observed in one horse that presented with neurological symptoms. Furthermore, USUV was confirmed in one dead blackbird that presented with neurological symptoms. A total of 1984 mosquitoes were collected in the City of Zagreb. Two Ae. albopictus pools tested positive for flavivirus RNA: one collected in July (USUV) and the other collected in August (WNV). A phylogenetic analysis of detected human and avian strains confirmed WNV lineage 2 and the USUV Europe 2 lineage. The presented results confirm the endemic presence of neuroinvasive flaviviruses in continental Croatia. The continuous monitoring of virus circulation in humans, sentinel animals, and mosquitoes is needed to reduce the disease burden. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Viral Zoonoses, Second Edition)
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Other

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8 pages, 8123 KiB  
Case Report
Upper Respiratory Tract Disease in a Dog Infected by a Highly Pathogenic Avian A/H5N1 Virus
by Olga Szaluś-Jordanow, Anna Golke, Tomasz Dzieciątkowski, Michał Czopowicz, Michał Kardas, Marcin Mickiewicz, Agata Moroz-Fik, Andrzej Łobaczewski, Iwona Markowska-Daniel and Tadeusz Frymus
Microorganisms 2024, 12(4), 689; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040689 - 29 Mar 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3779
Abstract
In summer 2023, during an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in cats in Poland, a 16-year-old dog was presented to the veterinary clinic with persistent, debilitating, dry cough, submandibular lymphadenomegaly, mild serous nasal discharge, and left apical heart murmur. A preliminary [...] Read more.
In summer 2023, during an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in cats in Poland, a 16-year-old dog was presented to the veterinary clinic with persistent, debilitating, dry cough, submandibular lymphadenomegaly, mild serous nasal discharge, and left apical heart murmur. A preliminary diagnosis of kennel cough was made and the treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and dexamethasone was initiated. Due to the lack of improvement within 2 days, a blood check-up, thoracic radiography and ultrasonography, and echocardiography were performed. Moreover, a rapid test for orthomyxovirus type A antigen in a throat swab was carried out and proved positive. The result was verified using RT-qPCR, which yielded a positive result for A/H5N1 influenza virus and negative results for A/H1N1, A/H3N2, type B influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. This case indicates that HPAI should be considered as a differential diagnosis not only in cats, but also in dogs with upper respiratory tract disease, particularly in regions experiencing A/H5N1 avian influenza outbreaks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Viral Zoonoses, Second Edition)
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